Alma Velia Ayala Garay

Liberalización comercial del sector agropecuario de México: Competitividad del Frijol

Esta investigacion tiene como objetivo analizar la competitividad del frijol mexicano, a nivel macro entre Mexico y Estados Unidos, 1961 - 2008 y a nivel micro en el estado de Chihuahua, 2005. Se encontro que Mexico tiene una competitividad revelada negativa, debido al tipo de cambio sobrevaluado que favorece las importaciones. La proteccion prevista en el Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte, quedo sin efecto, al omitirse el pago de aranceles. La formacion de organizaciones favorece a los productores, que logran crear economias de escala. En Chihuahua, se observo que los costos de produccion unitarios son elevados y los rendimientos bajos, lo que repercute en una menor rentabilidad en comparacion con Estados Unidos. La perdida de rentabilidad en Mexico, aunado a la desregulacion del mercado, ocasiona que el frijol pierda competitividad en relacion a EE.UU.

HORTALIZAS EN MÉXICO: COMPETITIVIDAD FRENTE A EE.UU. Y OPORTUNIDADES DE DESARROLLO .

The objective of the research was to analyze the competitiveness of vegetables in Mexico. Mexican vegetables production has lost relative importance over time in the international market. Its participation in the agri-food exports decreased from 32 to 25% (1993-2009). In addition, farmers have had problems of the profitability. Between 1980 and 2009, the index of prices for the production of brocoli, red tomato, and green tomato grew in 157, 132 and 208% respectively, while the farmer prices were reduced, the broccoli in 19%, the red tomato 16% and the green tomato 53% (1980-2009). According to the index of the competitive advantage revealed additive, the Mexican had always been a positive index, nevertheless, the tendency is decreasing. In USA, it has been grown. Mexico is the main supplier to USA, but Mexico must diversify the destiny of its exports. At national level, the Mexican growth in productivity is intensive, but this can change, by the competitiveness problems.