Almir Pereira de Souza

Cardiopulmonary and acid-base effects of desflurane and sevoflurane in spontaneously breathing cats

The cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia were compared in cats breathing spontaneously. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates; systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial (MAP) pressures; partial pressure of end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), arterial blood pH (pH), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2); base deficit (BD), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and bicarbonate ion concentration (HCO3) were measured. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (8±2.3 mg/kg IV) and maintained with desflurane (GD) or sevoflurane (GS), both at 1.3 MAC. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (P<0.05). Both anesthetics showed similar effects. HR and RR decreased when compared to the basal values, but remained constant during inhalant anesthesia and PETCO2 increased with time. Both anesthetics caused acidemia and hypercapnia, but BD stayed within normal limits. Therefore, despite reducing HR and SAP (GD) when compared to the basal values, desflurane and sevoflurane provide good stability of the cardiovascular parameters during a short period of inhalant anesthesia (T20–T60). However, both volatile anesthetics cause acute respiratory acidosis in cats breathing spontaneously.

Eletrocardiografia em cães anestesiados com cetamina-s ou cetamina

Ketamine is a drug derived of the phenciclidine and has been used in veterinary anaesthesia for a long time. Its (+) isomers, s-ketamine, was recently introduced in the clinical practice and has been used mainly in human anaesthesia. So, this experiment was performed to evaluate comparatively possible electrocardiographic changes in dogs anesthetized with S-ketamine or ketamine and also evaluate heart rate, respiratory rate, oxihemoglobine saturation and arterial pressure. Ten adult male and female dogs were used in this study. All dogs were healthy and mix breed. The animals were divided in two equal number groups (G1 and G2). The G1 received 20mg/kg of S-ketamine intra-muscularly and G2 received the same dose of ketamine with the injection protocol. The electrocardiographic changes started immediately before the drug administration (M1) and were repeated every 10 minutes (M2, M3 and M4, respectively). The numeric data were submitted to Tukey test for analysis of the repetitions in the group to verify if the averages were statistically significant or not in the several moments with significant value of 5% (p<0.05). The presented results were heart rate elevation with both drugs, mild arterial pressure changes could also be observed. No changes in the SpO2 were detected and no electrocardiographic changes with clinic importance could be identified. Consequently it is possible to assume as a conclusive hypotheses that S-ketamine and ketamine have similar effects over the miocardium electrical conductivity.

Tumores de cães e gatos diagnosticados no semiárido da Paraíba

This paper reports the frequency of tumors diagnosed in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande in Patos, northeastern Brazil, between 2003 and 2010. All necropsy and biopsy protocols from the Pathology Laboratory were revised and data related to the tumors were analyzed. In dogs, tumors of the skin and anexa were the most frequently diagnosed (46.7%), followed by tumors of the mammary gland (24%), genital system (10,3%), and alimentary system (6.5%). Malignant tumors (78%) were more frequent than bening tumors (22%) (p=0.001). In cats the frequency of skin and mammary gland tumors was the same (39.4%), followed by tumors of the digestive system (8.5%) and liver (5.7%). In cats, 95.8% of the tumors were malignant. Due to the diversity of the tumors observed in dogs and cats it is difficult for the practitioner to diagnose and treat tumors in these species. As a result, the systematic histologic diagnosis and the determination of the epidemiology of the tumors, in the different regions, are necessary to decrease tumor mortality.

Hemodynamic effects of butorphanol in desflurane-anesthetized dogs

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of butorphanol on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs anesthetized with desflurane and breathing spontaneously. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS Twenty dogs weighing 12 ± 3 kg. METHODS Animals were distributed into two groups: a control group (CG) and butorphanol group (BG). Propofol was used for induction and anesthesia was maintained with desflurane (10%). Forty minutes after induction, the dogs in the CG received sodium chloride 0.9% (0.05 mL kg(-1) IM), and dogs in the BG received butorphanol (0.4 mg kg(-1) IM). The first measurements of body temperature (BT), heart rate (HR), arterial pressures (AP), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), central venous pressure (CVP), stroke volume index (SVI), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), left ventricular stroke work (LVSW), systemic (SVR) and pulmonary (PVR) vascular resistances, respiratory rate (f(R) ), and arterial oxygen (PaO(2) ) and carbon dioxide (PaCO(2) ) partial pressures were taken immediately before the administration of butorphanol or sodium chloride solution (T0) and then at 15-minute intervals (T15-T75). RESULTS In the BG, HR, AP, mPAP and SVR decreased significantly from T15 to T75 compared to baseline. f(R) was lower at T30 than at T0 in the BG. AP and f(R) were significantly lower than in the CG from T15 to T75. PVR was lower in the BG than in the CG at T30, while PaCO(2) was higher compared with T0 from T30 to T75 in the BG and significantly higher than in the CG at T30 to T75. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE At the studied dose, butorphanol caused hypotension and decreased ventilation during desflurane anesthesia in dogs. The hypotension (from 86 ± 10 to 64 ± 10 mmHg) is clinically relevant, despite the maintenance of cardiac index.

Efeito do sexo e da idade sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos e hematológicos de bovinos da raça sindi no semi-árido

Este experimento foi desenvolvido no Nucleo de Pesquisa para o Tropico Semi-arido (NUPEARIDO), do Centro de Saude e Tecnologia Rural (CSTR), da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus de Patos-PB. Foram utilizados 24 bovinos da raca Sindi, distribuidos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), num esquema fatorial 2 x 2; (sexo: macho e femea versus idade: 12 e 24 meses) com 6(seis) repeticoes, no periodo de outubro a dezembro de 2001. Estudou-se os seguintes parâmetros: temperatura retal (TR), frequencias respiratoria (FR) e cardiaca (FC), e perfil hematologico. As leituras foram realizadas no periodo da manha, entre 8:30 e 9:30 horas, e a tarde entre 14:30 e 15:30 horas, uma vez por semana. Durante o periodo experimental foram registradas temperaturas maxima e minima de 35,74 °C e 23 °C, respectivamente, e umidade relativa media de 51,7%. Nas amostras de sangue, que continham EDTA como anticoagulante, foram realizadas as seguintes provas: contagem global de hemacias (HE); dosagem de hemoglobina (HB), determinacao do volume globular (VG) e calculo dos indices hematimetricos absolutos (volume globular medio - VGM, hemoglobina globular media - HGM, concentracao de hemoglobina globular media - CHGM). Nao se verificou efeito significativo (P>0,05) do sexo e da idade sobre os parâmetros estudados, verificando que, bovinos da raca Sindi, machos ou femeas, com idade entre um e dois anos, apresentaram o mesmo comportamento fisiologico sob as condicoes adversas da regiao semi-arida.This experiment was carried out at the Nucleus of Research for to Tropic Semi-árid (NUPEÁRIDO), in the Health and Technology Center (CSTR) of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus of Patos-PB. 24 animals of the Sindi breed were utilized, alloted in a completely randomized design (DIC) in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (Sex: male and female versus age: 12 and 24 months of age) with 6 (six) repetitions in the period of october to december 2001. The parameter’s studied were: rectal temperature (RT), breathing (BF) and heart (HF) frequency and hematologic profile. The readings and blood sampling were performed in the morning between 8:30 and 9:30 hours and in the afternoon between 14:30 and 15:30 once a week. In the experimental period, maximum and minimum temperatures were 35,74°C and 23°C, respectively, and average relative humidity was 51,7%. In the blood samples, which contained EDTA as an anticoagulant, the following tests were done: global count of the number of erythrocytes in modified Newbauer chamber utilizing Gower’s liquid, dosage of hemoglobin by the cyanomethahemoglobin method, determination of the globular volume by the microhematocrit method and calculation of absolute hematimetric indices (average globular volume – AGV, average globular hemoglobin – AGH, concentration of average globular hemoglobin – CAGH). No significant effect (P>0,05) of sex or age on the parameters studied was found. It was conclude that beef cattle of the Sindhi breed, males or females, aged between one and two years shown the same physiological behavior under adverse conditions of the Semi-arid region.

Avaliação da buprenorfina pelas vias intravenosa ou intramuscular em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano

The aim of this study was to evaluate comparatively the effects of buprenorphine administered intramuscularly or intravenously on cardiovascular variables in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Sixteen adult healthy male and female mongrel dogs were randomly distributed in two groups of eigth animals each (GI and GII). The anesthetic induction was done using propofol (IV), and immediately, the dogs were intubated and submited to desflurane anaesthesia administrated at 1.5 MAC. Thirty minutes after beginning the inhalatory anaesthesia, the GI received buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) intravenously whereas the GII group received the opioid at the same dose, by IM injection. Heart Rate (HR); Systolic, Diastolic and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP); Cardiac Output (CO); Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and Pulmonar Arterial Pressure (PAP) were evaluated. The measurements were registered 30 minutes after beginning the inhalatory anaesthesia and before opioid administration (M1); 15 minutes after buprenorphine administration (M2). Serial measurements were carried out in 15-minute intervals after the administration of buprenorphine up to 45 minutes (M3, M4 and M5). The numerical data were submited to Profile Analysis (p<0.05). In both groups, SAP, MAP, CO, CVP and PAP values were not significant. However, only in GI, the HR and DAP decreased significantly after opioid administration. The results allow us to conclude that buprenorphine IV or IM did not produce alterations on the cardiovascular parameters that could provide any significant clinics effects in dogs anesthetized with desflurane.

Feo-hifomicose sistêmica em cão

The objective of this study was to describe clinical, laboratorial and histopathological findings of systemic phaeohyphomycosis in a dog. The animal was presented with a history of fatigue, ascites, lethargy, weight and appetite loss and polydipsia. The therapy for erliquiose and babesiosis was started. After 11 days, the dog returned with severe liver disease and died after forty-eight hours. At necropsy, there were black nodules in various abdominal organs. Histologically, necrotizing granulomatous reaction with hemorrhage associated with myriads of intralesional pigmented fungal hyphae was observed in multiple organs, characterizing systemic phaeohyphomycosis. Thus, it is important to include this illness in the differential diagnosis of severe liver diseases in dogs with ascites.

Comportamento da pressão intra-ocular segundo os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemodinâmicos induzidos pela anestesia com desflurano, em cães submetidos à hipovolemia experimental

PURPOSE: To observe the behavior of intraocular pressure according to the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic effects induced by desflurane in dogs subjected to experimental hypovolemia. METHODS: Eighteen healthy male and female mongrel dogs, weighing between 10 and 15 kg were used. Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of 40 ml blood/kg body weight. Then anesthesia was induced with desflurane by mask until tracheal intubation was permitted. Intraocular pressure was measured with applanation tonometry. Heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, end-tidal concentration of CO2 and respiratory rate were recorded. Parameters were registered after animal instrumentation and before any procedure in the awake dogs (T0), fifteen minutes after experimental hemorrhage induction (T45), and after thirty minutes of desflurane anesthesia (T75). RESULTS: Intraocular pressure presented direct correlation only with pressure and end-tidal concentration of CO2. CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to establish a correlation between alterations of mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure and intraocular pressure and there was a direct relationship between values of intraocular pressure and values of exhaled CO2.

Influência da Temperatura Ambiente sobre Parâmetros Eletrocardiográficos de Caprinos Criados no Semi-Árido Paraibano

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influencia da temperatura ambiente sobre parâmetros eletrocardiograficos de caprinos jovens criados no semi-arido paraibano, nas epocas seca e chuvosa. O estudo foi desenvolvido nas dependencias do Hospital Veterinario da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Foram utilizados 24 caprinos, machos, sem raca definida (SRD), sendo 12 desses utilizados na primeira fase experimental (Seca) e os demais na segunda fase, ambas com uma duracao de 150 dias para cada animal. Foram registradas variaveis relacionadas a temperatura ambiente e parâmetros eletrocardiograficos de caprinos jovens. Considerou-se com esse estudo que a temperatura ambiente nao exerce influencia sobre os parâmetros eletrocardiograficos. Portanto, conclui-se que o os parâmetros eletrocardiograficos obtidos neste estudo podem ser usados como valores de referencia para a especie. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n2p129-132