A. L. Araújo

Caracterização clínica e laboratorial de cães naturalmente infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi no semiárido nordestino

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, evidenciar os sinais clinicos e laboratoriais desta enfermidade para auxiliar na caracterizacao da doenca de forma natural na area semi-arida da regiao nordeste. Foram avaliados 10 caes positivos para Trypanosoma cruzi, identificados mediante analises sorologicas de reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta (RIFI) e enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); analise molecular pela Reacao em Cadeia Polimerase (PCR), microscopia direta e hemocultura. Os caes chagasicos foram submetidos a avaliacao fisica, verificacao da pressao arterial, exames eletrocardiograficos, radiograficos, hematologicos (eritrograma e leucograma) e bioquimicos (ureia, creatinina, ALT, AST, PT, albumina, globulina, CK, CK-MB e cTnI). O exame fisico e os valores das pressoes arteriais dos caes apresentaram dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade, enquanto que na eletrocardiografia observou-se FC normal com ritmo sinusal, com excecao de um cao, que apresentou taquicardia sinusal (168 bat/min). No ECG de oito caes houve aumento da duracao de P (47±6,5ms) sugestivo de aumento atrial, nao confirmado radiograficamente. Foi observado supradesnivelamento do segmento ST em um cao. Nos resultados hematologicos constatou-se trombocitopenia (187,4x103 ±137,2x103) e anemia (5,0x106 ±1,39x106/uL). Os valores medios da hemoglobina (11±2,7g/dL) e do hematocrito (34±10,5%) estavam abaixo dos limites de normalidade. A serie branca apresentou-se dentro dos limites de normalidade, com excecao da eosinofilia observada em tres caes. Individualmente, registrou-se em dois caes, leucocitose, linfocitose e neutrofilia. Na avaliacao bioquimica, registrou-se hiperproteinemia (7,2±0,9g/dL), hipoalbuminemia (2,2±0,4g/dL), hiperglobulinemia (5,1±1,0g/dL) e aumento da CK (196±171U/L). Nao houve alteracao nas enzimas ALT e AST. A isoenzima CK-MB e o cTnI alteraram somente em tres caes. Os caes infectados naturalmente no semiarido nordestino apresentam caracteristicas relacionaveis a forma cronica indeterminada, ou seja, caes assintomaticos. A identificacao dos caes infectados naturalmente sem caracteristicas patognomonicas da doenca de Chagas ressalta a importância desta enfermidade no processo diagnostico com as demais que manifestam perfis inespecificos associados ou nao as doencas cardiovasculares.

Pulmonary choristoma associated with calf meningocele

Pulmonary choristoma is a rare malformation reported in different animal species defined as a mass of normal histological pulmonary tissue in an abnormal location. A case of pulmonary choristoma and meningocele is reported in a calf that presented a fluctuating subcutaneous fluid containing mass, measuring 15 x 15 x 20cm in the skull frontal region. The skin covering the sac was surgically removed. Macroscopically, subcutaneous nodules up to 2cm in diameter with irregular whitish areas mixed with red areas were observed. In the histological examination, pulmonary lobules tissue composed by alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles and cartilage were observed. Dilated blood vessels and hemorrhages were present between the lobules. In this case the pulmonary choristoma was associated with meningocele, and probably was the mechanical cause for the failure of the skull closure.

Tranquilização de asininos com acepromazina associada ou não ao diazepam

The effects of acepromazine isolated or associated with diazepam were evaluated in five donkeys were underwent in two anesthetic protocols, in the acepromazine group (AC), animals received acepromazine (0.1mg/kg/IV) and in acepromazine-diazepam group (ACD), acepromazine at the same dose and route of AC, associated with diazepam (0.1 mg/kg/IV). Heart frequency (HR), respiratory frequency (RF) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and electrocardiographic variables analyzed, in addition to tanquilization, latency, beginning of the penile prolapse and degree of ataxia. The tanquilization began at 10.4±0.9 minutes (min) in the AC donkeys and 4.8±1.1 in ACD. Penile prolapse occurred at 4.2±1.3 minutes in AC and 2.7±0.4 in ACD. The HR increased to 15 and 30min. Electrocardiographic parameters and rectal temperature not varied significantly. RF decreased from AC in 60min and 30min from ACD. The muzzle-to-ground distance reduced significantly in both groups and at times from 15min. It was concluded that the acepromazine promotes discreet tanquilization and the adition of diazepam potentiates the tranquilization, decreases the latency period and increases ataxia caused by acepromazine.

Anestesia epidural com associação medetomidina e lidocaína, em gatos pré-medicados com acepromazina e midazolam

The anesthetic effects due to the association of medetomidine and epidural lidocaine in cats pretreated with acepromazine and midazolam were evaluated. Ten adult cats were used, male and female, healthy and weighing 2.5±0.6kg. They were divided into two groups (GM and GL) of equal numbers (n=5). Premedication with acepromazine, 0.2mg/kg, and midazolam, 0.5mg/kg, intramuscular was administered. Twenty minutes later, GM animals were given epidural lidocaine, 4.4mg/kg, associated with medetomidine, 0.02mg/kg. GL cats received lidocaine, 4.4mg/kg, associated with NaCl 0.9%. Assessments occurred before the pre-anesthesia (MPA), 20 minutes after premedication and before the epidural block, and 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes after epidural anesthesia, respectively, T-20, T0, T10, T20, T30 and T40. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxyhemoglobin saturation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and recovery period were evaluated. In GM cats the heart rate decreased at T20, T30 and T40 as compared to T-20 and T10 and was lower than the heart rate in the GL cats at T20, T30 and T40, values being, respectively, 86, 91 and 88 beats/min and 194, 205 and 177 beats/min. The respiratory rate ranged from T-20 and the other time points in GL animals. Concerning electrocardiographic variables, in GM cats significant differences between T20, T30 and T40 and T0 and T-20, were observed, values being 235, 238 and 156 and 161ms and 240ms, respectively. GM animals differed from GL in T20, T30 and T40, values being 147, 132 and 150ms for GL cats. Eighty percent of the cats had severe pain and in all animals there was a relaxation of the jaw and tongue. The recovery time was 40 and 15 min at GM and GL, respectively. It was concluded that the association promoted lidocaine with medetomidine anesthesia with a stable level of anesthesia and anesthetic recovery of good quality.

Epidural anesthesia in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)

Many primates are kept in breeding for scientific or conservation purposes, but much of the clinical care is represented by trauma. To provide more effective interventions in some of these cases, the present study aimed to evaluate the technique of local anesthesia through the epidural space in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus).