Almy Junior Cordeiro de Carvalho

Brassinosteróide e substratos na aclimatização do abacaxizeiro 'Imperial'

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of a brassinoesteroid analogue (BIOBRAS-16) and two substrates on the growth of micropropagated seedlings of “Imperial” pineapple. A randomized block design was used in a 2 x 5 x 4 factorial scheme, evaluating five concentrations of BIOBRAS-16 (0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 1 mg L -1 ), two types of substrates and four sampling periods (60, 90, 120 and 150 days after planting). The substrates used were Plantmax ® and another obtained from a mix of composting sugar-cane bagasse and filter cake (CC). The seedlings were transplanted to small conic tubes and allocated in a greenhouse equipped with an intermittent mist. The plants cultivated in CC substrate and sprayed with 0.1 mg L -1 of BIOBRAS-16 showed higher growth of shoots with greater numbers of leaves, rosette diameter, leaf width, fresh and dry matter production at 150 days after planting. The plants that were cultivated on CC substrate and sprayed with BIOBRAS-16 at a 0.1 mg L -1 produced 2.8 times more dry matter than the control cultivated in Plantmax ® substrate. The fresh and dry matter of roots were superior in Plantmax ® when compared to CC at late sampling periods.

Estabelecimento de normas DRIS para o diagnóstico nutricional do coqueiro-anão verde na região Norte Fluminense

Field trials were conducted with the aim of establishing DRIS norms for green dwarf coconut in the North of the state of Rio de Janeiro as an alternative for the nutritional diagnosis of plants. Trials were conducted in the districts of Sao Joao da Barra, at Sao Joao farm and Quissama, at Capivari farm, from March, 2000 to December, 2001. A high yielding crop at the Sao Joao farm, whose mean yield was 227 ± 16 fruits plant-1 year-1, had leaves samples taken at 132 days intervals during a two year period to establish DRIS norms. Lower yielding plants at the Capivari farm were nutritionally diagnosed by means of the generated DRIS norms. The plants to be diagnosed were divided into four yielding categories, 200 fruits plant-1 year-1. The diagnosis by means of DRIS indicated the following limitation order of deficiency: K> Ca> B, in the coconut culture at the Capivari farm. The classes of smaller productivity presented K and B DRIS indices more negative than the class of larger productivity. An apparent nutritional unbalance between Ca and Mg was indicated.

Utilização de substrato composto por resíduos da agroindústria canavieira para produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

A substrate consisting of industrial sugarcane plant residues has been used with success to the production of some fruitful and forest species seedlings. Then, the objective of this research was to evaluate the use of that substrate, comparing it with other substrates recommended to the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. It was evaluated seven substrates: 1- Sugarcane bagasse + industrial sugarcane plant residues (3:2; v:v); 2- Sugarcane bagasse + industrial sugarcane plant residues (3:2; v:v) + NPK foliate spray weekly; 3- Sugarcane bagasse + industrial sugarcane plant residues (3:2; v:v) + 7.3 kg m-3 of Osmocote® (14-14-14); 4- Plantmax®; 5- Plantmax® + NPK foliate spray weekly; 6- Plantmax® + 7.3 kg m-3 Osmocote® (14-14-14) and 7- Sand + manure + vermiculite (1:1:1; v:v:v) + NPK. In general, the seedlings cultivated in the substrate consisting of industrial sugarcane plant residues and in the Plantmax®, both fertilized with Osmocote®, were the ones that presented better nutritional status checked by the appropriate nutrients levels associated to a great growth. Therefore, the substrate composed by the mixture sugarcane bagasse + industrial sugarcane plant residues (3:2; v:v) fertilized with 7.3 kg m-3 of Osmocote® (14-14-14) can be used for the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings.

Sintomas visuais de deficiência de macronutrientes e boro em maracujazeiro-doce

The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse aiming to characterize visual symptoms of macronutrients and B deficiency in leaves and fruits of sweet passion fruit plants cultivated in box with sand and irrigated with nutrient solutions. It was used eight treatments in a complete randomized block design, as follow (complete nutrient solution, -N, -P, -K, -Ca,-Mg, -S and -B), with four replicates. Symptoms of deficiency were observed between 85 and 240 days after the application of the treatments, - N: uniform chlorosis and premature fall of leaves and yellowish green color fruits and translucent aspect; - P: old leaves with dark green color and, later, white spots on the surface of the leaves; - K: chlorosis and subsequent necrosis of the basal portion of the central rib of old leaves that progressed to the borders, and fall of the leaves and fruits wrinkling of the epicarp with consequent wilting of the fruit; -Ca: deformation and necrosis of the borders of new leaves and fruits cracks in the epicarp and in the mesocarp and apical rot of the fruits; - Mg: old leaves with internerval chlorosis; - S: chlorosis of new leaves with small colorless spots and; - B: new leaves with coriaceous aspect and undulation in the boards and fruits with brown bands of cork on the peel.

Deficiência de macronutrientes e boro em maracujazeiro doce: qualidade dos frutos

An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with the objective to evaluate the quality of the fruits of sweet passion fruit cultivated under deficiency of macronutrients and boron. Eight treatments with four replicates in a randomized complete block design were set up as follow: complete nutrient solution, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S and -B. The experimental unity was a plastic box filled with 46 kg of river sand containing two plants irrigated with the nutrient solutions. All deficiencies reduced the fruit number per plant, and under Mg deficiency no flowers were formed. None of the nutrition deficiencies influence the mean weight of the fruits, the number of seeds per fruit, the length of the fruit and the percentage of juice. The deficiencies of N and P increased peel thickness and concentration in the fruit and they reduced seed percentage in the fruit. The deficiencies of N, P and K reduced the concentration of total soluble solids; K reduced the total titratable acidity; P reduced the pH and increased the vitamin C concentration, while the vitamin C concentration was reduced by the deficiencies of N, K and S. The characteristics of the fruits were not influenced by the deficiencies of Ca and B.

Teores foliares de nutrientes no maracujazeiro amarelo em função de adubação nitrogenada, irrigação e epócas de amostragem

Crop diagnosis with knowledge of leaf nutrient contents, for each cultivation condition, is justified and has the purpose of correcting nutrient deficiencies, as well as the use of tools like DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), that help management practices to obtain high productivity. The objective of this work was evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and period of the year on the leaf nutrient contents of the yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) crop. The experiment was carried in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, on a Rhodic Paleudult, ammended with four nitrogen levels (50 to 650 g plant-1 year-1 of N) submitted to six irrigation depths (0 to 125% of ETo - reference crop evapotranspiration for grass). The nutrient leaf contents, at maximum fruit yield (41.3 t ha-1), ranged from 40.8 to 58.1 g kg-1 of N, 2.58 to 3.85 g kg-1 of P, 23.2 to 38 g kg-1 of K, 6.13 to 14.4 g kg-1 of Ca, 2.23 to 4.28 g kg-1 of Mg and 3.2 to 4.64 g kg-1 of S, 13.1 to 32.4 g kg-1 of Cl, 21.1 to 36.5 mg kg-1 of Zn, 44.4 to 94.5 mg kg-1 of Mn, 82 to 246 mg kg-1 of Fe, 16.8 to 48.9 mg kg-1 of B, 3.97 to 234 mg kg-1 of Cu. Nitrogen fertilization influenced leaf contents of N, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cl and B. Irrigation depth increased the leaf contents of Cl and Na and did not affect the other leaf nutrients.

Yield of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) in function of nitrogen fertilization and forms of application of boron

The objective of the research was study the influence of nitrogen fertilization, and three forms of boron application (without boron, boron in the soil and boron on the leaves), on the productivity and the number, average weight, diameter and length of the fruits, as well as on the growth and diameter of the branches, on the percentage of borne. Four doses of N (0, 100, 200 and 400 g plant-1) were applied.The urea and boric acid were used as N and B source, respectively. The nitrogen and boron fertilizations enhanced the productivity and the number of fruits. No variation was observed either in the diameter or length of fruits. The average fruit weight varied in function of the N. The nitrogen fertilization increased the fruit yield. Neither nitrogen fertilization nor the method of B application affected the percentages of borne and split fruits.

Crescimento e composição mineral da menta em resposta à inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e adubação fosfatada

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were evaluated on the growth and mineral composition of Mentha arvensis L., grown under different phosphorus levels. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a factorial scheme 5x4, with five microbiological treatments (control without AMF, Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora scrobiculata) and four P levels (0; 50; 100 and 200 mg kg-1). A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The plants were harvested at flowering, 65 days after planting. When no phosphorus was added, Gigaspora margarita and Glomus clarum led to a higher percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in roots and increased 334 and 330% the dry matter production of shoots, 143 and 123% the N content, 224 and 124% the P content, 139 and 142% the K content, respectively. The AMF inoculation did not influence Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Zn contents. Dry matter production was higher under P doses from 122 to 165 mg kg-1 of soil. In such doses, Mn content was lower when the plants were inoculated with Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita and Glomus etunicatum. The mycorrhizal dependence of the mint varied with microbiological treatments and P levels, being higher with Glomus clarum and Gigaspora margarita, under no phosphorus addition.

Composição mineral da folha em abacaxizeiro: efeito da parte da folha analisada

The standardization of the sampling for foliar analysis in pineapple is important to obtain reliable results. In this aspect this work seeks to identify the variation of the mineral composition of pineapple leaf, in plants developed in sandy soil, without irrigation. The leaves were collected, cleaned and divided in 4 parts: non-chlorophyllated, basal, medium and apical. After the drying, the samples were weighted, digested, and analyzed by the appropriate methodology for each nutrient. A great variation in the concentration of the nutrients was found along the pineapple leaf. A reliable comparison of the analysis can be established between the whole leaf and the chlorophyllated portion of the leaf; the same does not apply to the non-chlorophyllated portion of the same leaf. This paper confirms the need of the standardization of leaf sampling for mineral composition evaluation.

Avaliação sensorial dos frutos de cultivares de abacaxi para consumo in natura

The pineapple orchards in Brazil often presents losses of plants and fruits caused by fusariosis, because the current cultivars are susceptive to that disease. New resistant cultivars have been available. However, there are no records about their sensory evaluations by consumers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensory acceptability of two new cultivars resistant to Fusarium, Vitoria and EC-93, by comparing them with other ones already established in the fresh fruits market, Perola and Gold. The fruits were evaluated by 52 consumers using 9-points hedonic scale for aroma, flavor, texture, global impression, appearance of the slice, appearance of the fruit, using the right scale for ideal acidity and sweetness and using 5-points scale for purchase intention. It was also evaluated SS, ATTN and SS/AT. The cultivar Gold had the highest means of acceptance for most of the parameters evaluated, whereas the cv CS-93, the lowest. Except for the attribute appearance of slice, the Vitoria cultivar did not differ from the most accepted cultivars in the evaluated parameters. The fruits differed significantly in the TSS, between 12.0 and 16.0 ° Brix, TA between 0.52 and 0.81% citric acid and ratio between 19.12 and 28.46. Among the cultivars resistant to Fusarium, the results suggest a low potential market for the EC-93 and a higher one for Vitoria.