José Carlos Lopes

Morfologia de frutos, sementes e plântulas e germinação de sementes de Erythrina variegata L.

Morphological characterization of fruits and seeds provides subsidies for species differentiation and characterization of ecological aspects of plants, such as dispersion, seedling establishment and ecological succession phase . Thereare few studies reported in regard to Erythrina variegata L. and in the literature there is no information about its behavior, especially about its system of propagation in the State of Espirito Santo. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology of the fruits, seeds and seedlings of this species, characterizing the fruits externally, the seeds internally and externally, and describing the process of development and differentiation of the phases of the seedlings, as well as collecting information regarding the seed germination, using a completely randomized experimental design with the following treatments: intact seeds (control); mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 120, on the opposite side to the embryo; scarification with sandpaper and posterior soaking in water at ambient temperature for 6, 12 and 24 hours; thermal shock; and soaking in water at ambient temperature for 12 and 24 hours. The seeds did not show themselves impermeable to water through their teguments, thus, not requiring pre-germination treatments.

The influence of temperature, substrate and light on bertalha seed germination

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature, substrate and light on bertalha seed germination. Initially, three experiments were carried out to evaluate the utilization of temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35oC and alternated temperatures of 20-25, 20-30, 20-35, 25-30, 25-35 and 30-35oC; the substrates used were rolled paper towel, filter paper, sand and vermiculite; under light regime of monochromatic, red, re-last and dark. A factorial experiment 6 x 5 was then carried out using the substrates rolled paper towel, filter paper, sand and vermiculite at 25 and 30oC constant temperature and 20-25, 20-30and 20-35oC alternated temperature. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized design, with four replications of 25 seeds. The results showed that 30oC constant temperature and 20-30oC alternated temperature in rolled paper towel substrate paper increased the germination percentage of Basella seeds.

Maturação fisiológica de sementes de quaresmeira

The objective of this work was to study the maturation process of Tibouchina granulosa Cogn. seeds. Each inflorescence was identified in the day of its respective anthesis. Samples of fruits and seeds were collected weekly, and diameter, weight, color, moisture content and dry matter were determined. After seed extraction, analyzes were made for coloring, moisture content, dry matter, 1,000 seeds mass, speed and percentage of germination. Experimental design was carried out in a completely randomized block with four replications. Analysis of data obtained led to the following conclusions: seeds physiological maturity occurred 84 to 105 days, and seed harvest should be done between 84 to 98 days after the anthesis. The parameters which best characterized seed physiological maturity and the time for harvesting were moisture content and dry matter weight. The largest germination percentage was verified in extracted seeds from 77 until 105 days after the anthesis, and seeds vigor increased until 91 days. The size and color of fruits and seeds demonstrated efficiency as maturation parameters. Fruits initial dehiscences occurred after 105 days of the anthesis. Tibouchina granulosa presented seed dormancy after maturation.

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE SOJA PRODUZIDAS EM ALEGRE-ES 1

This research was carried out in the Laboratory of Seeds Technology and Analysis of the Fitotecnia Department of the Agrarian Science Center of Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, Espirito Santo State, Brazil, out with the objective to evaluated the physiological seed quality to ten soybean genotypes: BRSMG - Garantia, MGBR-46 (Conquista), MGBR 94-7916, FT-104, CAC-1, MGBR 95-19125, BRSMG - 68 (Vencedora), UFV-16, BR 94-12773, Doko, from the 99/2000 crop year, submitted the stress condition through the accelerated aging test, with temperature of 42oC and relative humidity of, approximately, 100% for periods of 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, utilized the completely randomized design, with four replications of 25 seeds. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated through by the germination and vigor test (first germination count and radicule length. The results indicate that the genotypes Doko and CAC-1 showed the best physiological seed quality. In order to the accelerated ageing periods above 48 hours determinate results with higher seed deterioration. The total germination decreased until the period of 96 hours of treatment.Para avaliar a eficiencia do acido giberelico (GA3) na superacao da dormencia de sementes de arroz, bem como a atividade da enzima a-amilase como indicador do grau dessa dormencia, foram utilizadas sementes da cultivar irrigada Urucuia, que apresentam alta intensidade de dormencia pos-colheita. Para tanto, as sementes foram submetidas a pre-secagem em estufa de circulacao forcada de ar a 40oC por 7 dias e a submersao em 30 ml de solucoes de GA3 nas concentracoes de 0, 10, 30 e 60 mg/litro de H2O, nos tempos de 2, 24 e 36 horas. Apos os tratamentos, foi determinada a atividade da a-amilase atraves da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e da espectrofotometria. Simultaneamente, foi realizado o teste de germinacao. Pelos resultados, observa-se que houve ganho na germinacao e na atividade da a-amilase em maiores concentracoes e tempos de embebicao das sementes em GA3. A embebicao das sementes em 60 mg GA3/litro H2O por 36 horas apresenta-se eficiente como um tratamento rapido na superacao da dormencia de sementes de arroz, sendo equivalente a estufa de circulacao forcada de ar a 40oC por 7 dias. A atividade da enzima a-amilase apresentou-se como um eficiente marcador do grau de dormencia das sementes.

Germinação de sementes de calabura (Muntingia calabura L.)

This work study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different flooding periods during germination and in the bean seeds vigor at UNOESTE Seed Analysis Laboratory. Seeds were submitted to flooding periods of 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48h at 25oC. Moisture content was taken before and after flooding periods. The germination test and physiological parameters, such as hypocotyl and root length and their dry weights, were obtained after periods of flooding. Results showed that germination and vigor decreased subsequently to flooding, germination decreased 55 percentage points after 8h of seed submersion. There were differentiation differences between among seed lots in germination tests after flooding periods equal to, or higher than 8h. Dead seed number and inhibition in hypocotyl and root development, shown in this work study, increased with the submersion time. In conclusion, eight hours of flooding cause irreversible damage to bean culture establishment, and the same periods of submersion, in the laboratory, could be a very good indicative to differentiate seed physiological quality.This work aimed to determine the best temperature, substrate and pre-treatment to subject to germinate Muntingia calabura L seed. The seeds were sowed in different substrates: on paper, among paper, on sand, among sand, on mixture soil + send + manure, among mixture soil + send + manure, on mixture soil + send + vermiculite and on vermiculite, incubated under constant temperature of 20, 25, 30oC and alternate of 20-30oC. The pre-treatment effect studied were the CaO and KNO3 on the mucilaginous seed germination. Experiments were undertaken following the completely randomized design with four replication of 25 seeds and the statistical analysis was performed by the factorial scheme. Primary root protrusion and even primary leaf emission was adopted as criteria to consider a germinated seed. Daily the germination was evaluated by determining percentages and germination velocity. It was found significative interaction between substrate and temperature. The best substrates were on sand and among sand under alternate temperature of 20-30oC, with 99 and 100% of germination, respectively. The pre-treatments CaO and KNO3, had better germination of mucilaginous seeds.

Efeito do envelhecimento acelerado na avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo

A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratorio de Tecnologia e Analise de Sementes, no Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, com o objetivo de estudar a temperatura e o periodo de exposicao adequados para a avaliacao de sementes de trigo da cultivar Alianca pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado. As sementes foram expostas as temperaturas de 41o, 43o e 45oC e umidade relativa do ar de 100%, por periodos de zero, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes de 25 sementes. A qualidade fisiologica das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de: germinacao e vigor (comprimento da raiz primaria e massa seca). Temperaturas de 41oC e tempos de exposicao de 24 e 48 horas sao os mais indicados para o teste de envelhecimento acelerado em trigo; sob temperatura de 43oC, recomenda-se utilizar 24 horas de exposicao das sementes; a temperatura de 45oC e letal.

Tratamentos para acelerar a germinação e reduzir a deterioração das sementes de Ormosia nitida Vog

The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Agronomy Center of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, in order to attain acceleration of germination and reduce seed deterioration in Ormosia nitida Vog.. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. In experiment I, with paper substratum, the treatments were intact seeds (control); mechanical scarification and sulfuric acid soaking for 10 minutes. In experiment II, in Petri dishes, the treatments were intacts seeds (control); mechanical scarification; mechanical scarification + soaking in water at 35oC for 24 hours; imbibition of germination substratum with H2O2; sulphuric acid soaking for 1; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 minutes. The results showed higher synchronization and speed germination in treatments with mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid for 10 minutes and H2O2 in the substratum.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE CUBIU EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E TEMPERATURAS 1

The cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a native arbustiva solanacea of the Amazon whose fruits present a high concentration citric acid. This study was carried to verify the effect of substrate and temperature on the germination capacity of cubiu seeds. This study was developed in the Seed Analysis Laboratories at the Agrarian Science Center at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alegre-ES, Brazil. A cinpletely randomized design was used with four repetitions of 50 seeds, in a 6x6 factorial outline, with six substrates (on vermiculite (V); between sand (EA); on paper (SP); on sand (SA); on mixture soil+sand+esterco (TAE) and paper roll (RP) and six temperatures (constant of 20, 25 and 30oC and alternated of 20-25; 25-30 and 20-30oC). The following characteristics were assessed: germination (%); emergency speed index(IVE); hard and deteriorated seeds (%); normal and abnormal seedlings (%); seedlings height (mm) and canopy and root dry matter (mg). The results showed that the substrate on sand and between sand under 20-30oC were the best conditions for cubiu seed germination.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão produzidas em solo compactado

2 RESUMO - Os testes de vigor e o teste de germinacao sao componentes essenciais no controle de qualidade das empresas de producao de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiencia de diferentes testes de vigor e de variacoes de suas metodologias na avaliacao da qualidade de sementes de couve-brocolos visando diferenciacao de lotes e previsao de emergencia em bandeja, cinco lotes de sementes do hibrido Florida foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinacao; primeira contagem de germinacao; emissao de raiz primaria (apos 48, 56, 72, 80 e 96 h apos a instalacao do teste de germinacao); emergencia de plântulas em substrato; envelhecimento acelerado com agua (1g de sementes mantidas a 41 o C por 48 e 72 h a 100%UR); envelhecimento acelerado com solucao saturada de sal (mesmo procedimento do item anterior, porem usando solucao de NaCl, 40% e 76%UR); condutividade eletrica (50 sementes em 25 mL de agua destilada a 25 o C e leituras apos 2, 4, 6, 8 e 24 h). Todos os testes apresentaram correlacao significativa com a porcentagem de emergencia de plântulas em substrato, a 1% de probabilidade. Os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solucao saturada de sal por 48 h e de condutividade eletrica apos 8 e 24 h de embebicao foram eficientes e tiveram resultados semelhantes aos da emergencia em substrato. Os testes da primeira contagem de germinacao, emissao da raiz primaria apos 56 h e envelhecimento acelerado com solucao saturada de sal por 72 h, apresentaram-se mais eficientes que a emergencia de plântulas em substrato na diferenciacao do vigor dos lotes .The purpose of this study was the physiological seed quality, of two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, produced in two soil layers, mechanically compacted in the depths of 7.5cm and 15.0cm of the surface vase, in greenhouse. The seeds produced at 7.5cm in the compacted soil layer presented reduction in the germination capacity. In the first germination count, seeds of the cultivar Neguinho produced at 15.0cm in the compacted soil layer, presented germination decrease, while the cultivar Carioca, in the depht of 7.5cm presented higher results. The cultivar Neguinho presented superiority of the Carioca in relation of dry matter and radicle length. The cultivar Neguinho presented smaller 100 seeds weight when they was produced in the depth of 7.5cm.

Germinação de sementes de couve chinesa sob influência do teor de água, substrato e estresse salino

This work evaluated seed germination and vigor of Brassica pekinensis cv. granat as affected by moisture content, substrate and saline stress. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Agrarian Center Science of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre-ES, in a completely randomized design with the treatments distributed in a 2x3x5 factorial scheme to test the influence of seed moisture content (8 and 16%), substrate (top of sand, top of paper and between paper) and four NaCl solution concentrations (-0.2; -0.4; - 0.6 e -0.8 MPa). Germination test was performed at 20-30°C. The following parameters were considered: percentage and speed of germination, seedling fresh and dry weight. Percentage and speed of germination in a top of paper sowing was higher for the 8% M.C. seed lot. Seed germination and vigor decreased as salt concentrations increased. The seeds of 16% M.C. sown at top of sand and between paper, with salt solution of -0.2 and -0.4 MPa showed increases in seedling fresh weight, while significant increase of dry weight was observed at -0.8MPa. In conclusion, salinity is deleterious to Brassica pekinensis seed performance and damages are proportional to decrease of the osmotical potential. Seeds showed to be more tolerant to water deficit durning the initial stages of plant development.