Amandio Aristides Rihan Geraldes

A força de preensão manual é boa preditora do desempenho funcional de idosos frágeis: um estudo correlacional múltiplo

Hand-grip strength (HGS) has been used to predict functional limitation in the elderly. However, this relationship in all situations is doubtful. The purpose of the study was to observe the association between HGS and functional performance (FP), in specific and not specific tasks among 19 long-term home elderly residents, 12 men (70±6 yrs; 64±9 kg; 160±10 cm) and 7 women (77±11 yrs; 49±10 kg; 147±10 cm). HGS was measured by a hydraulic hand dynamometer. The FP was measured by the time to perform the following tasks: 1) habitual gait speed (HGS); 2) timed up & go test (TUGT); 3) opening a lock with a key (OLK); 4) to take off and put in a light bulb (TPB). The Wilcoxon test revealed that men were better than women in all measurements except for the IMC, OLK and TPL (p<0.05). The Spearman coefficients showed significant correlation between HGS and three FP tests: TPL (r=-.54; p=.018); TUGT (r=-.67; p=.002) and HGS (r=-.69; p=.001). The multiple correlation showed good correlation between the HGS and all FP tests (R=.66; R²=.44; p<.04). These results suggest that HGS may be a good predictor for FP, especially for fragile and institutionalized elderly subjects, having a good potential as an epidemiologic exposition variable to forecast functional performance.

Effects of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on the Muscle Strength and Functional Performance of Active Women Older Than 60 Years

Abstract Farinatti, PTV, Geraldes, AAR, Bottaro, MF, Lima, MVIC, Albuquerque, RB, and Fleck, SJ. Effects of different resistance training frequencies on the muscle strength and functional performance of active women older than 60 years. J Strength Cond Res 27(8): 2225–2234, 2013—Training frequency is an important resistance training variable, but its relative contribution to strength and functional performance (FP) gains in senior populations is not yet well defined. The present study investigated the effect of different resistance training frequencies on the strength and FP in active women aged 60 years and older. A total of 48 women (60–78 years) underwent a 16-week training program for 1 set of 10 repetition maximums (10RMs) of each exercise, being assigned in groups that performed training frequencies of 1, 2, or 3 days per week (EG1, EG2, and EG3) and a control group. Strength and FP tests were applied before and after the training protocol. All EGs, but not the control group, exhibited 10RM increases (bench press, seated dumbbell curl, knee extension, standing calf raise, p < 0.01). The 10RM increase for seated dumbbell curl and knee extension was always greater in the higher frequencies (p < 0.05). Timed up and go test improved equally in all EGs (p < 0.01). Chair sit-and-stand improvements in EG3 (−15.7%) and EG2 (−9.8%) were greater than in EG1 (−4.6%) (p < 0.01). Gait-speed improvement in EG3 (−11.6%) was greater than in EG2 (−5.1%) and EG1 (−3.9%) (p < 0.01). In conclusion, a higher weekly training frequency increased FP and strength to a greater extent than lower frequencies in active senior women.

High Blood Pressure among Students in Public and Private Schools in Maceió, Brazil.

The prevalence of hypertension in childhood is increasing, and investigation of its distribution is important for planning timely interventions. This study assessed the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and associated factors in students between 9 and 11 years of age enrolled in public and private schools in Maceió, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed in a probabilistic sample of students (10.3 ± 0.5 years). The students were selected from a systematic sampling of 80 schools (40 public and 40 private). To maintain similar proportions of students existing in public and private schools in Maceió, 21 and 14 students were randomly selected from each public and private school, respectively. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated using Poisson regression. A total of 1,338 students were evaluated (800 from public schools and 538 from private schools). No differences were observed between school types in terms of student age and gender (p > 0.05). The prevalence of obesity (19.9% vs. 9.0%; PR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.67–2.92) and hypertension (21.2% vs. 11.4%; PR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.45–2.40) were higher in private schools. The association between high blood pressure and type of school (public or private) remained statistically significant even after adjustment for obesity (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.19–1.97). In conclusion: (a) students from private schools have higher socioeconomic status, BMI, and HBP prevalence compared to those of public school; (b) among the evaluated students, the prevalence of obesity only partially explained the higher prevalence of high blood pressure among students from private schools. Other factors related to lifestyle of children from private schools may explain the higher prevalence of HBP. This results show the need to implement measures to promote healthy lifestyles in the school environment, since children with HBP are more likely to become hypertensive adults. Therefore, early detection and intervention in children with HBP is an important action for the prevention of hypertension in adulthood.

Effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on the body composition of postmenopausal women

With the aging process, there is a progressive change in the proportion between body components and stature in both sexes1 however, women show greater impact on changes in body composition related to aging due to the physiological exhaustion of the ovarian function (menopause) and thus, estrogen declines,2,3 amplifying the negative effects of aging on body components such as increase and redistribution of body fat and decrease of muscle and bone mass.4,5

TAXA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FORÇA E ATIVAÇÃO NEURAL EM MULHERES PÓS-MENOPAUSADAS

Introduccion: El envejecimiento se asocia con la reduccion de la velocidad de contraccion y la activacion de las fibras musculares, que influyen la aptitud fisica y el rendimiento funcional. Objetivo: Comprobar la tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza (TDF) y la activacion de las fibras musculares en mujeres posmenopausicas. Metodos: Veinticuatro mujeres posmenopausicas (63,2 ± 5,6 anos; 154,5 ± 7,3 cm y 64,7 ± 7,6 kg), con independencia funcional y fisicamente activas, fueron sometidas simultaneamente a la medicion de la fuerza isometrica maxima y de las senales electromiograficas de los siguientes musculos: vasto lateral (VL), recto femoral (RF) y vasto medial (VM) para una extension unilateral de la rodilla de la extremidad dominante. Estos resultados se utilizaron para calcular la TDF y el impulso contractil en intervalos de 20 ms durante los primeros 200 ms de la contraccion del musculo mediante la curva fuerza/tiempo, la tasa de activacion EMG (TAE) y la amplitud EMG media, a intervalos de 40 a 80 ms del inicio de la integracion EMG, mediante el uso de la curva EMG/tiempo. Resultados: Los valores de fuerza variaron desde 29,19 hasta 86,04Nm; la TDF vario de 1.459,42N.m.s-1 hasta 430,21N.m.s-1 en 20 ms y 200 ms, respectivamente, lo que indica valores decrecientes con el tiempo; para el impulso, se observaron valores entre 0,65 y 11,07 N.m.s; en la misma direccion de la TDF, la TAE mostro valores decrecientes para VL (1676,08 a 844,41 µVs-1), para RF (1320,88 a 637,59 µVs-1) y para VM (1747,63-914,09 µVs-1) a 20 y 200 ms, mientras que el promedio de la amplitud EMG tuvo valores de 33,77 a 50,32 µV para VL, de 24,93 a 38,07 µV para RF y 37,07 a 54,78 µV para VM en 40 ms y 80 ms, respectivamente. Conclusion: En las mujeres posmenopausicas, la velocidad del aumento, el mantenimiento de la fuerza y la activacion EMG no son suficientes para mantener la TDF y la TAE crecientes, lo que demuestra un posible riesgo de discapacidad funcional y caidas.ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging is associated with a reduction in the speed of contraction and activation of muscle fibers, influencing physical fitness and functional performance. Objective: To verify the rate of force development (RFD) and neural activation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.2±5.6 years; 154.5±7.3 cm and 64.7±7.6 kg) functionally independent and physically active were submitted simultaneously to the measurement of maximal isometric force and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the following muscles: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) for a unilateral extension of the knee of the dominant limb. These results were used to calculate the RFD, the contractile impulse in 20-ms intervals during the first 200ms of the muscle contraction by the force/time curve, the EMG activation rate (EAR), and the mean EMG amplitude, at intervals of 40 to 80ms from the start of the EMG integration by using the EMG/time curve. Results: The force values ranged from 29.19 to 86.04Nm; the RFD varied from 1459.42 to 430.21N.m.s-1 in 20ms and 200ms, respectively, indicating decreasing values with time; for the impulse values were observed between 0.65 and 11.07Nms; in the same direction of RFD, the EAR showed decreasing values for the VL (1676.08 to 844.41µVs-1), for the RF (1320.88 to 637.59µVs-1), and the VM (1747.63 to 914.09µVs-1) at 20 and 200ms, while the mean EMG amplitude had values of 33.77 to 50.32µV for the VL, 24.93 to 38.07µV for RF, and 37.07 to 54.78µV for the VM in 40ms and 80ms, respectively. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the increase rate, the maintenance of force, and the EMG activation are not sufficient to maintain the increase of RFD and EAR, demonstrating a potential risk of functional disabilities and falls.Keywords: aging; muscle strength; electromyography.Introduction: Aging is associated with a reduction in the speed of contraction and activation of muscle fibers, influencing physical fitness and functional performance. Objective: To verify the rate of force development (RFD) and neural activation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.2±5.6 years; 154.5±7.3 cm and 64.7±7.6 kg) functionally independent and physically active were submitted simultaneously to the measurement of maximal isometric force and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the following muscles: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) for a unilateral extension of the knee of the dominant limb. These results were used to calculate the RFD, the contractile impulse in 20-ms intervals during the first 200ms of the muscle contraction by the force/time curve, the EMG activation rate (EAR), and the mean EMG amplitude, at intervals of 40 to 80ms from the start of the EMG integration by using the EMG/time curve. Results: The force values ranged from 29.19 to 86.04Nm; the RFD varied from 1459.42 to 430.21N.m.s-1 in 20ms and 200ms, respectively, indicating decreasing values with time; for the impulse values were observed between 0.65 and 11.07Nms; in the same direction of RFD, the EAR showed decreasing values for the VL (1676.08 to 844.41µVs-1), for the RF (1320.88 to 637.59µVs-1), and the VM (1747.63 to 914.09µVs-1) at 20 and 200ms, while the mean EMG amplitude had values of 33.77 to 50.32µV for the VL, 24.93 to 38.07µV for RF, and 37.07 to 54.78µV for the VM in 40ms and 80ms, respectively. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the increase rate, the maintenance of force, and the EMG activation are not sufficient to maintain the increase of RFD and EAR, demonstrating a potential risk of functional disabilities and falls.

TASA DE DESARROLLO DE LA FUERZA Y ACTIVACIÓN NEURONAL EN MUJERES POSMENOPÁUSICAS

Introduccion: El envejecimiento se asocia con la reduccion de la velocidad de contraccion y la activacion de las fibras musculares, que influyen la aptitud fisica y el rendimiento funcional. Objetivo: Comprobar la tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza (TDF) y la activacion de las fibras musculares en mujeres posmenopausicas. Metodos: Veinticuatro mujeres posmenopausicas (63,2 ± 5,6 anos; 154,5 ± 7,3 cm y 64,7 ± 7,6 kg), con independencia funcional y fisicamente activas, fueron sometidas simultaneamente a la medicion de la fuerza isometrica maxima y de las senales electromiograficas de los siguientes musculos: vasto lateral (VL), recto femoral (RF) y vasto medial (VM) para una extension unilateral de la rodilla de la extremidad dominante. Estos resultados se utilizaron para calcular la TDF y el impulso contractil en intervalos de 20 ms durante los primeros 200 ms de la contraccion del musculo mediante la curva fuerza/tiempo, la tasa de activacion EMG (TAE) y la amplitud EMG media, a intervalos de 40 a 80 ms del inicio de la integracion EMG, mediante el uso de la curva EMG/tiempo. Resultados: Los valores de fuerza variaron desde 29,19 hasta 86,04Nm; la TDF vario de 1.459,42N.m.s-1 hasta 430,21N.m.s-1 en 20 ms y 200 ms, respectivamente, lo que indica valores decrecientes con el tiempo; para el impulso, se observaron valores entre 0,65 y 11,07 N.m.s; en la misma direccion de la TDF, la TAE mostro valores decrecientes para VL (1676,08 a 844,41 µVs-1), para RF (1320,88 a 637,59 µVs-1) y para VM (1747,63-914,09 µVs-1) a 20 y 200 ms, mientras que el promedio de la amplitud EMG tuvo valores de 33,77 a 50,32 µV para VL, de 24,93 a 38,07 µV para RF y 37,07 a 54,78 µV para VM en 40 ms y 80 ms, respectivamente. Conclusion: En las mujeres posmenopausicas, la velocidad del aumento, el mantenimiento de la fuerza y la activacion EMG no son suficientes para mantener la TDF y la TAE crecientes, lo que demuestra un posible riesgo de discapacidad funcional y caidas.ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging is associated with a reduction in the speed of contraction and activation of muscle fibers, influencing physical fitness and functional performance. Objective: To verify the rate of force development (RFD) and neural activation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.2±5.6 years; 154.5±7.3 cm and 64.7±7.6 kg) functionally independent and physically active were submitted simultaneously to the measurement of maximal isometric force and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the following muscles: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) for a unilateral extension of the knee of the dominant limb. These results were used to calculate the RFD, the contractile impulse in 20-ms intervals during the first 200ms of the muscle contraction by the force/time curve, the EMG activation rate (EAR), and the mean EMG amplitude, at intervals of 40 to 80ms from the start of the EMG integration by using the EMG/time curve. Results: The force values ranged from 29.19 to 86.04Nm; the RFD varied from 1459.42 to 430.21N.m.s-1 in 20ms and 200ms, respectively, indicating decreasing values with time; for the impulse values were observed between 0.65 and 11.07Nms; in the same direction of RFD, the EAR showed decreasing values for the VL (1676.08 to 844.41µVs-1), for the RF (1320.88 to 637.59µVs-1), and the VM (1747.63 to 914.09µVs-1) at 20 and 200ms, while the mean EMG amplitude had values of 33.77 to 50.32µV for the VL, 24.93 to 38.07µV for RF, and 37.07 to 54.78µV for the VM in 40ms and 80ms, respectively. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the increase rate, the maintenance of force, and the EMG activation are not sufficient to maintain the increase of RFD and EAR, demonstrating a potential risk of functional disabilities and falls.Keywords: aging; muscle strength; electromyography.Introduction: Aging is associated with a reduction in the speed of contraction and activation of muscle fibers, influencing physical fitness and functional performance. Objective: To verify the rate of force development (RFD) and neural activation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.2±5.6 years; 154.5±7.3 cm and 64.7±7.6 kg) functionally independent and physically active were submitted simultaneously to the measurement of maximal isometric force and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the following muscles: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) for a unilateral extension of the knee of the dominant limb. These results were used to calculate the RFD, the contractile impulse in 20-ms intervals during the first 200ms of the muscle contraction by the force/time curve, the EMG activation rate (EAR), and the mean EMG amplitude, at intervals of 40 to 80ms from the start of the EMG integration by using the EMG/time curve. Results: The force values ranged from 29.19 to 86.04Nm; the RFD varied from 1459.42 to 430.21N.m.s-1 in 20ms and 200ms, respectively, indicating decreasing values with time; for the impulse values were observed between 0.65 and 11.07Nms; in the same direction of RFD, the EAR showed decreasing values for the VL (1676.08 to 844.41µVs-1), for the RF (1320.88 to 637.59µVs-1), and the VM (1747.63 to 914.09µVs-1) at 20 and 200ms, while the mean EMG amplitude had values of 33.77 to 50.32µV for the VL, 24.93 to 38.07µV for RF, and 37.07 to 54.78µV for the VM in 40ms and 80ms, respectively. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the increase rate, the maintenance of force, and the EMG activation are not sufficient to maintain the increase of RFD and EAR, demonstrating a potential risk of functional disabilities and falls.

RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT AND NEURAL DRIVE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Introduccion: El envejecimiento se asocia con la reduccion de la velocidad de contraccion y la activacion de las fibras musculares, que influyen la aptitud fisica y el rendimiento funcional. Objetivo: Comprobar la tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza (TDF) y la activacion de las fibras musculares en mujeres posmenopausicas. Metodos: Veinticuatro mujeres posmenopausicas (63,2 ± 5,6 anos; 154,5 ± 7,3 cm y 64,7 ± 7,6 kg), con independencia funcional y fisicamente activas, fueron sometidas simultaneamente a la medicion de la fuerza isometrica maxima y de las senales electromiograficas de los siguientes musculos: vasto lateral (VL), recto femoral (RF) y vasto medial (VM) para una extension unilateral de la rodilla de la extremidad dominante. Estos resultados se utilizaron para calcular la TDF y el impulso contractil en intervalos de 20 ms durante los primeros 200 ms de la contraccion del musculo mediante la curva fuerza/tiempo, la tasa de activacion EMG (TAE) y la amplitud EMG media, a intervalos de 40 a 80 ms del inicio de la integracion EMG, mediante el uso de la curva EMG/tiempo. Resultados: Los valores de fuerza variaron desde 29,19 hasta 86,04Nm; la TDF vario de 1.459,42N.m.s-1 hasta 430,21N.m.s-1 en 20 ms y 200 ms, respectivamente, lo que indica valores decrecientes con el tiempo; para el impulso, se observaron valores entre 0,65 y 11,07 N.m.s; en la misma direccion de la TDF, la TAE mostro valores decrecientes para VL (1676,08 a 844,41 µVs-1), para RF (1320,88 a 637,59 µVs-1) y para VM (1747,63-914,09 µVs-1) a 20 y 200 ms, mientras que el promedio de la amplitud EMG tuvo valores de 33,77 a 50,32 µV para VL, de 24,93 a 38,07 µV para RF y 37,07 a 54,78 µV para VM en 40 ms y 80 ms, respectivamente. Conclusion: En las mujeres posmenopausicas, la velocidad del aumento, el mantenimiento de la fuerza y la activacion EMG no son suficientes para mantener la TDF y la TAE crecientes, lo que demuestra un posible riesgo de discapacidad funcional y caidas.ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging is associated with a reduction in the speed of contraction and activation of muscle fibers, influencing physical fitness and functional performance. Objective: To verify the rate of force development (RFD) and neural activation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.2±5.6 years; 154.5±7.3 cm and 64.7±7.6 kg) functionally independent and physically active were submitted simultaneously to the measurement of maximal isometric force and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the following muscles: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) for a unilateral extension of the knee of the dominant limb. These results were used to calculate the RFD, the contractile impulse in 20-ms intervals during the first 200ms of the muscle contraction by the force/time curve, the EMG activation rate (EAR), and the mean EMG amplitude, at intervals of 40 to 80ms from the start of the EMG integration by using the EMG/time curve. Results: The force values ranged from 29.19 to 86.04Nm; the RFD varied from 1459.42 to 430.21N.m.s-1 in 20ms and 200ms, respectively, indicating decreasing values with time; for the impulse values were observed between 0.65 and 11.07Nms; in the same direction of RFD, the EAR showed decreasing values for the VL (1676.08 to 844.41µVs-1), for the RF (1320.88 to 637.59µVs-1), and the VM (1747.63 to 914.09µVs-1) at 20 and 200ms, while the mean EMG amplitude had values of 33.77 to 50.32µV for the VL, 24.93 to 38.07µV for RF, and 37.07 to 54.78µV for the VM in 40ms and 80ms, respectively. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the increase rate, the maintenance of force, and the EMG activation are not sufficient to maintain the increase of RFD and EAR, demonstrating a potential risk of functional disabilities and falls.Keywords: aging; muscle strength; electromyography.Introduction: Aging is associated with a reduction in the speed of contraction and activation of muscle fibers, influencing physical fitness and functional performance. Objective: To verify the rate of force development (RFD) and neural activation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.2±5.6 years; 154.5±7.3 cm and 64.7±7.6 kg) functionally independent and physically active were submitted simultaneously to the measurement of maximal isometric force and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the following muscles: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) for a unilateral extension of the knee of the dominant limb. These results were used to calculate the RFD, the contractile impulse in 20-ms intervals during the first 200ms of the muscle contraction by the force/time curve, the EMG activation rate (EAR), and the mean EMG amplitude, at intervals of 40 to 80ms from the start of the EMG integration by using the EMG/time curve. Results: The force values ranged from 29.19 to 86.04Nm; the RFD varied from 1459.42 to 430.21N.m.s-1 in 20ms and 200ms, respectively, indicating decreasing values with time; for the impulse values were observed between 0.65 and 11.07Nms; in the same direction of RFD, the EAR showed decreasing values for the VL (1676.08 to 844.41µVs-1), for the RF (1320.88 to 637.59µVs-1), and the VM (1747.63 to 914.09µVs-1) at 20 and 200ms, while the mean EMG amplitude had values of 33.77 to 50.32µV for the VL, 24.93 to 38.07µV for RF, and 37.07 to 54.78µV for the VM in 40ms and 80ms, respectively. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, the increase rate, the maintenance of force, and the EMG activation are not sufficient to maintain the increase of RFD and EAR, demonstrating a potential risk of functional disabilities and falls.

Influência do estado nutricional, distribuição da gordura corporal e força muscular na estabilometria de idosas

OBJETIVO: Investigar as associacoes entre diversas medidas indicadoras do estado nutricional, a forca muscular e as diferentes variaveis estabilometricas em uma amostra de idosas. METODOS: Neste estudo exploratorio de corte transversal, 108 idosas tiveram suas variaveis estabilometricas avaliadas atraves de uma plataforma de forca, em duas condicoes experimentais: olhos abertos e olhos fechados. Verificaram-se as associacoes entre as variaveis explicativas: idade, massa corporal, estatura, indice de massa corporal, circunferencia de quadril, circunferencia de cintura, relacao cintura/quadril, percentual de gordura corporal, massa gorda, massa magra, area muscular de braco corrigida, forca isometrica voluntaria maxima e diversas variaveis estabilometricas: amplitude anteroposterior, deslocamento da oscilacao e area eliptica da superficie, dentre outras. RESULTADOS: Com excecao da estatura, todas as variaveis explicativas associaram-se significativamente com as variaveis estabilometricas. A regressao multipla (forward) revelou que a circunferencia de cintura e a forca isometrica voluntaria maxima foram as variaveis que mais influenciaram as variaveis estabilometricas, entretanto sem diferencas significativas entre as condicoes olhos abertos e olhos fechados. O percentual de gordura parece nao sobrecarregar o sistema de controle postural. Na condicao olhos abertos, a variavel estabilometrica desvio--padrao medio-lateral foi a mais influenciada pelas variaveis explicativas. A circunferencia de cintura foi respon-savel por 8,8% de toda variacao do desvio-padrao medio-lateral e a forca isometrica voluntaria maxima contribuiu com 9,4% adicionais. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados sugerem que a distribuicao centripeta de gordura corporal associada a diminuicao da forca muscular sao as principais responsaveis pelas alteracoes estabilometricas em idosas.

Validacao cruzada entre o percentual de gordura mensurado pela absortometria radiologica de dupla energia e a equacao de Deurenberg em idosas

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of cross-equation Deurenberg et al. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which 25 women (59.04 ± 7.2 years) were randomly selected from a population of 186 women aged from 50 years, involved in programs of leisure physical activity in Maceio city, state of Alagoas, Brazil. The reference method used was the X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percentage of body fat was estimated by the equation of Deurenberg et al., using as independent variables: body mass index, age and sex. The t test was used to compare averages, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the correlation and Bland & Altman to assess agreement. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the two methods (p = 0.358), and a high ICC (0.84, p <0.05). The constant error indicated that the percentage of fat found by equation underestimates slightly (1.1%) the value obtained by DXA. A standard error of estimate of 6.1% was observed and the distribution of individual residues of Bland & Altman showed limits of agreement (95%), ranging between 12.88 and -10.67%. CONCLUSION: The equation proposed by Deurenberg et al. is valid to estimate the percentage of fat in women with characteristics similar to the study sample.

Ingestão de cálcio e densidade mineral óssea em mulheres adultas intolerantes à lactose

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the calcium intake and bone mineral density of adult women with lactose intolerance with those of their counterparts without the condition. METHODS: Sixty adult women aged 20 to 40 years were divided into two groups: 30 diagnosed with lactose intolerance and 30 without the condition. Calcium intake was assessed by three 24hour recalls and bone mineral density of the femur was determined by dual energy xray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The bone mineral density of the femoral neck (M=0.86, SD=0.13g/cm² versus M=0.77, SD=0.12g/cm²) and femoral total (M=1.14, SD=0.14g/cm² versus M=1.06, SD=0.12g/cm²) were lower (p 0.05). Also, calcium intake was lower for the lactose intolerant than for the control group (M=250.5, SD=111.7mg/day-1 versus M=659.7, SD=316.1mg/day-1, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the onset of intolerance symptoms may influence bone mineral density due to low calcium intake.