Amauri Siviero

Cultivo de espécies alimentares em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

(Cultivation of food species in urban gardens in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). Home gardens are urban spaces that guarantee human interaction with elements from the natural word, and the cultivation of food plants in these gardens can be important in complementing the diet of city residents. Th e goal of this work was to make an assessment of the eatable food plants grown in home gardens in the city of Rio Branco. In 2009 and 2010, on-site interviews were carried out using a questionnaire, which recorded the plant species of each kind of food, area of the gardens and the socioeconomic factors, for 132 gardens in Rio Branco. Th e neighborhoods selected for this study, Aeroporto Velho, Novo Horizonte and Placas, were located in the outskirts of the city. Seventy-seven food plants were recorded, which belong to 34 plant families. Of these, Solanaceae (12.6%) and Myrtaceae (11.3%) with 62.0% of the kinds of fruits and 38.0% of the vegetables. Of the total number of plants recorded, 82.3% were exotic, 34.1% were medicinal and 18.9% were ornamental. No signifi cant statistical association was detected between species and socioeconomic factors. Nonparametric analysis of variance indicated signifi cant diff erences between neighborhoods, showing that Placas had a higher quantity of species. Th e quantity of species correlated positively in the home gardens. Food plants cultivated in Rio Branco gardens conserve agrobiodiversity and aid in the health and well-being of the residents by improving the landscape, ambience and leisure space of the city.

Plantas ornamentais em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco, Brasil

Ornamental plants are important in the culture and welfare of city dwellers in the Amazon. This study aimed to perform a characterization of species of ornamental use in urban backyards of Rio Branco and relation with social aspects of the respondents. Semi-structured interviews featuring ornamental species along with analysis of social aspects of urban respondents of the 132 backyards in Rio Branco, Acre, Amazon between 2009 and 2011. Selected for this study were neighborhoods Aeroporto Velho, Placas and Novo Horizonte, located on the periphery of the municipality. Were detected 140 ornamental species belonging to 49 different botanical families, especially Euphorbiaceae (7%), Arecaceae (6.4%) and Araceae (5%). Ornamental species recorded, 57.5% are exotic, 16% have medicinal use and 44% herbaceous. Regression analysis of data across the diversity of species, area and social parameters of the respondents was not significant. The cultivation of ornamental plants in urban backyards Rio Branco assists in the ambience of the residence, landscape improvement, generates welfare for residents at leisure space beyond the conservation of genetic resources.

Nematoides fitoparasitas associados à mandioca na Amazônia brasileira

A cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) tem importância socioeconomica no Brasil, no entanto ha ainda uma escassez de informacoes sobre a associacao de nematoides fitoparasitas, bem como ao comportamento de cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo desses agentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a distribuicao geografica e novas ocorrencias das principais especies de nematoides encontradas associadas a mandioca em diferentes municipios dos estados do Acre, Amapa, Para e Rondonia. Alem disso, estudou-se, em casa de vegetacao, a reacao de algumas cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita raca 3, Pratylenchus brachyurus e P. zeae. Nematoides foram extraidos de 10 g de raizes ou 250 cm3 de solo e identificados sob microscopio de luz. A especie mais prevalente foi P. brachyurus, presente em 37,1% das amostras analisadas (n=35), seguida de M. incognita, encontrada em de 14,2% das amostras. Constituiram novas ocorrencias para mandioca no Brasil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, M. enterolobii e Xiphinema longicaudatum. As cultivares de mandioca provenientes do Amapa (Amazonas, Colonia Matapi, Manteiga, Pretinha e Po-da-China) e as cultivares de mandioca Colonial e Caipora, provenientes do Acre, comportaram-se como suscetiveis a M. incognita raca 3. Por outro lado, as cultivares Caipora e Colonial comportaram-se como resistentes a P. brachyurus (fator de reproducao = 0,5 e 0,9, respectivamente) e imunes a P. zeae. Informacoes geradas neste estudo podem ser uteis para o manejo de areas cultivadas com mandioca e infestadas pelos nematoides das lesoes, P. brachyurus e/ou P. zeae.