M. F. Correia

Control of Carapa guianensis phenology and seed production at multiple scales: a five-year study exploring the influences of tree attributes, habitat heterogeneity and climate cues

During 5 y, we monitored reproductive activity and seed production of Carapa guianensis in two forest types to test the hypothesis that seed production is influenced by multiple factors across scales (regional climatic cues, local habitat heterogeneity and individual tree attributes). Variability in seed production was moderate at the population (CVp =1.25)andindividuallevel(xCVi =1.24).AmixedmodelwithaPoissonregressionrevealedthatseedproduction was explained by variables at all scales. Total seed production was significantly higher in occasionally inundated forests. Diameter at breast height, dbh 2 , crown cross-sectional area, liana load, density, dry-season rainfall and mean maximum temperature were also significant in explaining seed production variation. Seed production increased with dbh until 40-50 cm, then decreased. Liana load demonstrated a negative relationship with seed production, but only in terra firme forests. Climatic cues (rainfall and temperature parameters) were central to setting overall patterns in reproductive activity and seemed to best explain why years with high seed production were consistent across the two forest types (habitats) examined. Dry-season rainfall was positively correlated with seed production.

Danos provocados pelo fogo sobre a vegetação natural em uma floresta primária no estado do Acre, amazônia brasileira

The emission of CO2 is an important cause of the greenhouse effect and the Amazonian burns contribute to it. Because of the high moisture retained, the primary Amazon forest is considered immune to fire, however, under abnormal climate conditions it is vulnerable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of fire, originated from forest-fires occurred in 2005, in a natural primary forest in the state of Acre, Brazilian Amazon region. The effects of fire on trees, palm trees and lianas were evaluated in three levels of size: I-DBH≥5 cm; II-5 cm>DBH≥2 cm; and III-DBH<2 cm and height ≥1,0 m. The individuals were evaluated for General Condition (levels I and II), Bark and Cup (Level I) and budding. Five evaluations were made, the first in November 2005 and last in January 2009. The results showed that the smallest subjects were the most impacted ones and showed the highest mortality rates, reaching 80.1 % for Level II and decreasing according to the increasing size of the tree and it is null (0 %) in higher classes. It was observed a growing number of individuals with no apparent damage in all diameter classes and a 43 % increase in the number of species in regeneration, indicating a recovery process of the forest. It was observed a significant reduction of species diversity (15 % in Level I and 33 % in Level II), showing that the forest was modified in its floristic composition. Based on the significant damage caused by only one fire, the case of study, it is expected the incidence of new fires, at short intervals insufficient for the recovery and it will promote the irremediable degeneration of forest.