Ana Carolina Ribeiro Sanquetta de Pellegrin

Produção de cordeiros em pastejo contínuo de azevém anual submetido à adubação nitrogenada

It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization in ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the production of meat lamb under continuous grazing. Ryegrass pasture was established under no-tillage cropping in area of animal-crop integration system. The fertilization was held with 60kg of P2O5 ha-1 and 60kg of K2O ha-1. The treatments corresponded to the doses 0; 75; 150 e 225kg of N ha-1, in the urea form (45% de N) in single application, 35 days after seeding. The evaluation period was of 84 days. The forage was influenced quadratic ally by N rates, with minimum point at 182.75kg of N ha-1. However, the supply of leaf blades (LFM) was not influenced by doses of N (3.8kg LFM 100kg-1 live weight) or by the average daily weight gain, averaging 0.133 kg of LW an day. For stocking rate and live weight gain per area the doses of N increased 3.0 kg of LW-1 ha-1 and 1.1kg of LW ha-1, respectively for each kg of N applied. Nitrogen fertilization provides increases in animal productivity which results in increase kg of meat produced in this system.

Production and quality of annual ryegrass submitted to nitrogen fertilization under grazing by lambs

O objetivo neste trabalho foi verificar como a adubacao nitrogenada pode afetar a producao e a qualidade da massa de forragem em pastagem de azevem-anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sob lotacao continua de cordeiros de corte. O azevem foi implantado em 6 de junho de 2006, em sistema de plantio direto com densidade de semeadura de 45 kg de sementes/ha. A adubacao de base foi de 300 kg/ha, sem nitrogenio, com 60 kg/ha P2O5 e 60 kg/ha K2O. As adubacoes corresponderam a quatro doses de nitrogenio (N) na forma de ureia (45% de N) em aplicacao de cobertura apos 35 dias do plantio: 0; 75; 150; ou 225 kg/ha de N. O periodo de avaliacao foi de 84 dias. Para cada kg de nitrogenio aplicado na pastagem de azevem, verificaram-se aumentos lineares de 2,82 kg/ha de massa de forragem, 1,28 kg/ha de massa seca de folhas verdes, 2,47 perfilhos/m2 e 15,84 kg/ha de massa de forragem total. As doses de nitrogenio aplicadas nao influenciaram os teores de proteina bruta (21,21%), fibra detergente acido (25,90%) e fibra detergente neutro (54,93%) da forragem colhida por meio da simulacao do pastejo. O aumento nas doses de nitrogenio interferem positivamente na taxa de acumulo, o que proporciona maior massa de forragem total.

Resíduo úmido de cervejaria na terminação de cordeiros em confinamento e seus efeitos sobre as características da carcaça e dos componentes não carcaça

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de niveis crescentes de substituicao da silagem de sorgo por residuo umido de cervejaria sobre as caracteristicas da carcaca e dos componentes nao carcaca de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros machos, nao castrados, oriundos de parto simples e mantidos em baias individuais. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por quatro niveis de substituicao de silagem de sorgo por residuo umido de cervejaria, sendo: 0%; 33,5%; 66,5% e 100% de substituicao. Utilizou-se uma relacao volumoso:concentrado de 50:50, com base na materia seca. O concentrado era constituido por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja e mistura mineral. As dietas eram isoproteicas, contendo 18,81% de proteina bruta. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando atingiram o escore de condicao corporal estabelecido em 3 (escala de 1 a 5). As caracteristicas de carcaca analisadas nao foram influenciadas significativamente (P>0,05) pela substituicao de silagem de sorgo por residuo umido de cervejaria, sendo obtidos valores medios de 18,92kg para peso de carcaca quente, 18,22 kg para peso de carcaca fria, 47,03% para rendimento de carcaca quente, 45,29% para rendimento de carcaca fria e 3,41% para indice de quebra ao resfriamento. Quanto as proporcoes dos diferentes cortes comerciais avaliados, em relacao ao peso de carcaca fria, foram verificados valores medios de 31,86% para perna, 18,12% para paleta, 39,46% para costilhar e 9,08% para pescoco. As proporcoes de diafragma, omaso cheio e omaso vazio, em relacao ao peso vivo ao abate dos cordeiros, diminuiram linearmente (P≤0,05). As demais variaveis dos componentes nao carcaca avaliadas nao foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelos niveis de residuo umido de cervejaria das dietas. Pode-se recomendar o uso de residuo umido de cervejaria como fonte exclusiva de alimento volumoso quando se utiliza uma relacao volumoso:concentrado de 50:50, em base de materia seca, para terminacao de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento.

Consumo e desempenho de cordeiros e borregos alimentados com dietas de alto concentrado de milho ou sorgo

Objetivou-se avaliar os consumos de materia seca, nutrientes e desempenho na terminacao de cordeiros e borregos submetidos a dietas de alto concentrado de grao de milho ou sorgo. Foram utilizados 32 animais, sendo 16 cordeiros (dente de leite) e 16 borregos (dois dentes) da raca Corriedale. As dietas eram constituidas de feno de aveia- branca (Avena sativa), grao de milho (Zea mays) ou de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), farelo de soja (Glycine Max), calcario calcitico, bicarbonato de sodio e monensina. Os cordeiros apresentaram superioridade (P≤0,05) quanto ao CMS (% do PV e g/kg PV0,75), ao CPB (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75), ao CEE (% do PV), ao CFDN e ao CFDA (% do PV e g/kg PV0,75), ao CNDT (% do PV), ao ganho de peso medio diario, a conformacao in vivo e a conversao alimentar. Por outro lado, o CEE, o CCHT e o CCNE (kg/dia), o peso vivo inicial, o peso vivo final e o peso vivo ao abate foram superiores (P≤0,05) na categoria dos borregos. Em relacao aos graos avaliados, verificou-se maior (P≤0,05) CEE (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75) e menor (P≤0,05) CFDN (% do PV) e CFDA (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75) para os animais alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado a base de grao de milho em relacao aqueles alimentados com grao de sorgo. Os cordeiros apresentam consumos relativos superiores aos borregos, porem sua resposta zootecnica e maior. O uso de dietas de alto concentrado de sorgo ou de milho proporcionou resultados semelhantes.

Physico-chemical characterization of frozen sheep meat for a predetermined period

Aimed to evaluate the physicochemical stability of lamb meat stored in a freezer (18°C) for predetermined period. Sheep meat samples from the longissimus dorsi that were packaged and stored at -18 °C for predetermined intervals of time: 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540 days. The specific analyzes were performed at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria. In relation to the evaluated parameters can be observed linear decrease pH, protein, fat, moisture and ash, and increasing linearly to lipid oxidation, thawing loss and protein exudate. The storage period alters the physico-chemical characteristics of sheep meat.

Glicerina bruta no suplemento e seus efeitos nas características da carcaça e nos componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros lactentes

The objective was to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin levels in supplement on carcass characteristics and live weight components of suckling lambs maintained on ryegrass pasture. Thirty two suckling lambs were used and were distributed among the treatments: 0, 10, 20 and 30% crude glycerin, in replacement of corn, in the isoproteic supplement (18% CP) provided daily in amounts equivalent to 2% of body weight. The levels of crude glycerin had negative linear effects on hot and cold carcass weight, hot and cold carcass yield but an increasing effect was observed on gastrointestinal content and fasting losses. The shoulder and rib weights decreased, while the leg proportion increased with the elevation of crude glycerin use. In the tissue composition of the shoulder, it was observed that the subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat and total fat decreased linearly according to the levels of crude glycerin. Regarding body weight components, differences were observed in the proportions of skin, rumen, omasum, large intestine, which increased, while the kidney fat decreases linearly. The use of crude glycerin in up to 30% in the supplement provided in creep feeding for suckling lambs kept in ryegrass pasture influences carcass characteristics and corporal components.

Comportamento de cordeiros em pastejo de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) em diferentes fases fenológicas submetidos à adubação nitrogenada

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) levels on ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam), managed at the same pasture height under continuous grazing on the ingestive behavior of meat lambs. Four levels of nitrogen obtained from commercial urea (45 % of N) were applied in a single application: 0 kg/ha of N; 75 kg/ha of N; 150 kg/ha of N; and 225 kg/ha of N. Evaluations were performed during 63 days, divided into three periods of 21 days, corresponding to plant development stages from vegetative to reproductive stage. In each period, the days were divided into 3 evaluation shifts: morning (6:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m.), noon (10:31 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.) and afternoon (2:31 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.). Lambs decreased idle time in 0.3 minutes each day of advancement in the pasture cycle, independent of the evaluation shift. However, for water consumption there was no difference (P>0.05) between the phenological phases (average of 1.8 minutes per day). Lambs decreased rumination time in 0.612; 0.660 and 0.060 minutes for each day of pasture utilization in the morning (6:30 a.m.-10:30 a.m.), noon (10:31 a.m.-2:30 p.m.) and afternoon shifts (2:31 p.m.- 6:30 p.m.), respectively, while grazing activity increased 0.726; 1.104 and 0.354 minutes, respectively. Nitrogen levels had no influence (P>0.05) on time of rumination (126.6 minutes) and water consumption (10.5 minutes). Nitrogen levels showed linear increase (P<0.05) for idle time of 0.108 minutes and linear decrease for grazing of 0.198 minutes for each kg of N applied to pasture. Phenological stage influenced lamb behavior activities.

Infecção parasitária de cordeiros e contaminação larval em pasto submetido à adubação nitrogenada

The objective of this research was to evaluate the parasitic infection of lambs and larval contamination in pasture of ryegrass submitted to nitrogen fertilization. We used 72 weaned lambs that were distributed into 12 experimental units (paddocks) with six lambs (animal testing) in each one. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four treatments (N rates), with three replicates (paddocks). Regarding the number of eggs per gram of feces, there was no statistical difference between the different levels of nitrogen applied to the pasture. In relation to the number of recovered larvae from the pasture, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) through the linear decrease in accordance with the rates of nitrogen. No statistical difference was found when evaluating the distribution of larvae over the strata of the pasture. The interpretation of the stool culture revealed a predominance of the genera Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. independent of the dose of nitrogen applied.