Cleber Cassol Pires

Energy requirements of Texel crossbred lambs1

Two trials were conducted to determine the energy requirements of feedlot Texel crossbred lambs. In a comparative slaughter trial, thirty 11/16 Texel x 5/16 Ile de France crossbred noncastrated male lambs, weaned at 42 d of age (16.2 +/- 2.1 kg of shrunk BW; SBW), were used. Five lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered after 10 d of experimental management and diet adaptation (baseline group). Fifteen lambs then were fed for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 25, 30, or 35 kg of SBW. The remaining 10 lambs were randomly assigned to 2 levels of DMI, either 70 or 55% of the ad libitum intake, and were slaughtered concomitantly with lambs of the 35 kg of SBW group. Total body N, fat, and energy contents were determined. In a digestibility trial, 6 Texel x Ile de France crossbred lambs (30.4 +/- 2.6 kg of SBW) were housed in metabolic cages and used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment to evaluate the energetic value of the diet at different feed intake levels. Net and ME requirements for maintenance were 58.6 and 91 kcal/kg(0.75) of SBW, respectively. Consequently, partial efficiency of energy use for maintenance was 0.64. Body fat content varied from 72.7 to 125.9 g/kg of empty BW, respectively, for 13.1 and 28.2 kg of empty BW. Net energy requirements for growth of lambs at 15 and 35 kg of SBW at an ADG of 250 g were 424 and 553 kcal/d, respectively. Partial efficiency of energy use for growth was 0.47. Texel x Ile de France crossbred growing lambs used in this study showed decreased nutritional requirements than those reported by most nutritional systems.

Quantitative evaluation and prediction of the bone, muscle and fat proportion of the ovine carcass

The objective of this experiment was to study the carcass traits and their correlation with the tissue composition. Twenty-two intact male lambs, sired by Texel males, from crossbreed Texel -Ideal dams were used. At the beginning of the experiment (24 hours after birth), four lambs were slaughtered to serve as reference and a group of six lambs were slaughtered at weaning time and at 28 and 33 kg LW. The lambs were confined in individual stall with their respective mothers until weaning time (45 days of age). In that time, the diet was fed to supply the nutritional requirement of the dams and was constituted of 70: 30 forage to concentrate ratio. From the weaning until the slaughter time, the diet fed to the lambs was constituted by 60:40 forage to concentrate ratio. The cold carcass yield were 51.20, 45.14, 42.26 and 41.73%, respectively, for the slaughtered weight of 20.93, 28.3, 32.57 and 4.12 kg LW. The soft tissue/bone relation was of 1.74 and 4.24, respectively, for lambs slaughtered at birth and at 32.57 kg LW. The highest coefficients of determination and correlation were obtained for the carcass muscle percentage on the same tissue proportions in the rib. The coefficients of determination and correlation were, respectively, 71.65 and 0.85. For the percentage of bone and fat equations in the carcass, the highest coefficients of determination were obtained on the same tissues proportions in the rib.

Consumo de nutrientes e desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com dietas que contêm diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro

Este estudo foi conduzido no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, no periodo de agosto a dezembro de 2003. O objetivo foi avaliar o consumo de nutrientes e o desempenho de cordeiros machos, nao castrados, cruzados Ile de France x Texel, submetidos a quatro niveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN): 25%, 31%, 37% e 43%. O volumoso utilizado foi a silagem de sorgo hibrido (AG 2005 E) e o concentrado foi composto de milho em grao triturado, farelo de soja, sal comum, calcario calcitico e fosfato bicalcico. As dietas dos quatro tratamentos eram isoproteicas, contendo 17% de proteina bruta. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros desmamados em media aos 42 dias de idade e abatidos quando atingiram 30kg de peso vivo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramento casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repeticoes. Foram avaliados os consumos de nutrientes, o ganho de peso medio diario (GMD), a conversao alimentar (CA) e o numero de dias que os cordeiros levaram para atingir o peso vivo ao abate de 30kg. A adicao de niveis crescentes de FDN a dieta ocasionou um decrescimo linear nos consumos de materia seca, materia orgânica, proteina bruta, extrato etereo, carboidratos totais e carboidratos nao estruturais. Por outro lado, aumentou linearmente o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente acido. Verificou-se reducao linear do GMD e piora na CA com o aumento do teor de fibra na racao, o que proporcionou uma elevacao linear no numero de dias que os cordeiros levaram para atingir o peso de abate.

Sistemas de alimentação na produção de cordeiros para abate aos 28 kg

The objective of this trial was to study the performance of ewes and lambs as well as the characteristics of carcass of lambs in different feeding systems. Eighteen lambs, 24 hours after birth, were randomly assigned with their mothers to one of the following treatments: RP - ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture; FNCP - feedlot with no creep feeding; and FCP - feedlot with creep feeding. The ryegrass pasture was managed in order to not limit the dry matter intake of the grazing animals with an average supply of 12 kg of dry matter per 100 kg of live weight. Animals on FNCP treatment received a diet containing 50% of sorghum silage + 50% of concentrate [11.5% crude protein (CP) and 64.4% of total digestible nutrients (TDN). Animals on FCP treatment received a diet containing 50% of sorghum silage + 25% of concentrate (8.2% CP and 60.6% TDN) and after they reached 21 days of age were fed an amount of concentrate (18% CP and 70% TDN) equal to 3% of the live weight. Average daily weight gains of 300 g/day and hot carcass yield greater than 51% were obtained by nursing lambs on either ryegrass pasture or feedlots. Data from the present trial showed no significant differences among treatments in production and carcass characteristics of lambs slaughtered with 28 kg of live weight.

Proporções e coeficientes de crescimento dos não-componentes da carcaça de cordeiros e cordeiras em diferentes métodos de alimentação

The experiment was carried out to study the components proportions, non-carcass of the body weight and their relative growth. It was used 45 lambs: 22 non-castrated male and 23 females of Texel breed. From that group, 7 were slaughtered in the beginning of the experiment and the others when they reached 25 or 33 kg. A randomly delineation adopted was by a factorial arrangement of 3:2:2 (three methods, two sexes and two weights of slaughter). The head and paws proportions decreased with elevation of the slaughter weight with values of 4.44% and 2.63% to 25 kg; 3.76% and 2.43% to 33 kg, respectively. Among sex, the main proportion of the kidney fat was reached 33 kg to females and among the weights of slaughter. The skin, liver and heart proportions did not distinguished among feeding methods, sexes and weights of slaughter. The large proportion of rumen and small net was for lambs weaned in 45 days, but between sexes and weights of slaughter was similar. The paws, heart, kidney, lung and trachea relative growth is premature, whereas to skin, liver and kidney fat is isometric, in relation to the weight of the empty body. The rumen+small net had premature growth regardless sex and feeding methods with coefficients ranging from 2.22 to 2.47.

Comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) com diferentes massas de forragem

The objective of this trial was to evaluate ingestive behaviour and performance of sheep grazing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture with different herbage mass (HM): low HM: 1,000 - 1,200 kg/ha of DM (LHM); medium HM: 1,400-1,600 kg/ha DM (MHM); high HM 1,800-2,000 kg/ha DM (HHM). A completely randomized design with three treatments and two replicates (paddocks) per treatment was used. Data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis in function of the actual HM observed in each experimental unit: 1,136.8, 1,190.9, 1,359.2, 1,375, 1,556, and 1,739.1 kg/ha DM. Leaf blade and pseudostem masses, forage and leaf blade allowances, sward and pseudostem heights, leaf blade depth, and average daily gain all increased linearly from LHM to HHM while the opposite was observed for stocking and bite rates. However, no HM effect was found for herbage intake, times spent grazing, ruminating and idle, amount of daily bite, bite mass, body condition score gain, body weight gain per hectare, and feed efficiency. The range of HM evaluated showed no differences in body weight gain per hectare with similar conversion efficiency of forage in animal product. The depth of leaf blade layers is the most important variable affecting sheep performance.

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro

The effect of different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels in the diet on the Ile de France x Texel lambs ingestive behavior was evaluated. Twenty lambs distributed in a fully randomized experimental design were used, in a total of four treatments and five repetitions, fed ad libitum with 25%, 31%, 37% and 43% NDF diets. A ration in a complete mixing in sorghum silage (AG 2005 E) and concentrate mixing of soybean meal, fragmented corn grains and mineral mixing was used. The diets were isoproteic (17% crude protein) and were given twice a day, at 8 AM and 4 PM. The ingestive behavior was determined by observation, during 24 hours with 5 minutes intervals, to determine the time spent in feeding, rumination and idleness. The increase of the fiber level in the feed did not effect (P>0.05) on the time spent in feeding, rumination, idleness and total chewing time. The rumination and feeding efficiency increased linearly (P<0.05), as the dietary NDF levels increased. The feedlot sheeps have predominantly diurnal habit of feeding and nocturnal of rumination

Desempenho de cordeiros machos inteiros, machos castrados e fêmeas, alimentados em confinamento

The study was carried with the objective to evaluate the effect of the sex upon the weight gain, dry matter intake and food conversion of feedlot lambs and slaughtered at one hundred days of age. Eighteen lambs (six whole males, six castrated males and six females) descendents of a Texel male with (Texel x Ideal) female sheeps, were used. The animals (sheeps + lambs) were confined in individuals bails 24 hours after delivery until the weaning at the 50 days. After, they remained along until the slaughter at the age of 100 days. The food used was corn silage + concentrated (corn + soybean meal + minerals), in the proportion 58:42 in dry matter. The values obtained for weight gain, dry matter intake (kg/animal/day), % live weight and g/metabolic size and food conversion, did not differ (P>0,05) among the sex of the lambs. The results obtained showed that whole males lambs, castrated males lambs and females lambs, present performance similar at the age of 100 days.

Rendimentos de cortes da carcaça, características da carne e componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros terminados em três sistemas de alimentação

This study was carried outto evaluate the carcass physical composition, meat characteristics and the component conditions, non carcass live weight of lambs finished in different feeding systems. Sixteen lambs (Texel x Ile de France) were used and ramdomly allotted with their mothers, 24 hours after their birth, to three treatments: NSP - Natural supplemented pasture, RP - Ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum lam.) and CON - Confinement. In relation to the cold carcass, there was no difference to the neck percentage among NSP, RP and CON, with values of 9.26, 9.20 and 9.30% respectively. The animals of NSP (33.68%) and CON (33.41%) showed similar and higher values than the RP (31.35%). The softness measured in the loin portion from the 9th to 11th ribs, by means of Warner Blatzler-Shear equipment, was of 8.6 for the confined animals, and this value was higher than those of NSP and RP animals (5.7 and 5.3, respectively). There were no treatment effectsfor the softness through the panel, tastiness and succulence. The skin percentage of RP animals (11.91) was higher than the percentage of NSP and CON animals (10.20 and 9.33%, respectively). Values of gastric content percentage were higher for CON animal s (13.62%)in relation to NSP animals (7.90%), and those ones higher than the RP animals (4.75%). The panel, as a method to determine tastiness, succulence and softness did not show difference in the lambs meat fed in natural supplemented pasture, ryegrass pasture and confinement.

Avaliação das proporções dos cortes da carcaça, características da carne e avaliação dos componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a composicao fisica da carcaca, as caracteristicas da carne e a proporcao dos nao-componentes da carcaca do peso vivo de cordeiros abatidos aos 28 kg submetidos a diferentes sistemas alimentares. Dezoito cordeiros (Ile de France x Texel ) foram distribuidos aleatoriamente, com as respectivas maes, em tres tratamentos: PCA - pastagem cultivada de azevem (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), CON - confinamento sem alimentacao privativa e CCF - confinamento com alimentacao privativa para os cordeiros. A alimentacao privativa foi oferecida aos cordeiros pelo sistema de creep feeding. Nao houve diferenca para o percentual do pescoco entre PCA, CON e CCF, com valores de 9,27; 9,17 e 8,72%, respectivamente. Para o percentual de perna, os animais da CON (34,02%) e CCF (34,17%) apresentaram valores semelhantes entre si e superiores aos da PCA (31,73%). A maciez medida na porcao do Longissimus dorsi entre a 9a e 12a costelas foi semelhante entre os animais dos tres tratamentos, de 2,33; 3,03 e 3,08 para PCA, CON e CCF, respectivamente. Nao houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a palatabilidade e suculencia da carne. O percentual de pele dos animais da PCA (11,05%) e do CON (10,50%) foram semelhantes entre si, enquanto o PCA apresentou valores mais elevados que o percentual dos animais do CCF (9,70%). Para o percentual do conteudo gastrico, os valores observados para os animais do CCF (11,47%) foram superiores aqueles da PCA (5,09%) e semelhantes aos obtidos para os animais do CON (8,72%).