Ana Lúcia Rossito Aiello

Influências paternas no desenvolvimento infantil: revisão da literatura

This paper was aimed at reviewing the indexed scientific production on the Brazilian and international literature, of empirical studies related to adult fathers of children (zero to six years old), between 1999 and 2003 that described the father-child interaction or corr elated the father-child interaction with child development. A systematic search on bibliographical database (PsycInfo, LILACS and Periodicos Capes) was conducted, using the key-words: father, paternal involvement, child and child development . A total of twelve studies were identified (four Brazilian and eight international). They were analyzed taking into account different aspects (published journal, variables studied, technique of da ta collection, results and indications for future research). A low incidence of articles regarding the importance of paternal involvement on child dev elopment was noted, specially in the Brazilian context.

Análise descritiva do pai da criança com deficiência mental

The interaction between a father and his disabled child deserves attention and needs further investigation. This study described characteristics of the fathers of mentally disabled children, aged between two and four years old, in terms of stress, empowerment, social support and quality of the environment. Thirteen fathers answered the following tools: Characterization of Family System Questionnaire, Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - Short Form, General Guide to Transcription of Interview Data, Interview in respect of the Characterization of the Role of the Father in the Education of the Mentally Disabled Child, Family Empowerment Scale, Parent Sense of Competence Scale and Early Childhood - The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. Results pointed to fathers of low socio-economic and educational levels, traditional role, presence of stress, adequate self-esteem and high percentages of empowerment, while the home environment failed to stimulate the child. The participants ranked themselves as good fathers and important figures in the childs life, spending many hours interacting with the child. It can be seen that there is a need for further studies using different methodologies as well as for the fathers involvement in professional services for their children.

As contribuições do papel do pai e do irmão do indivíduo com necessidades especiais na visão sistêmica da família

The present article reviews the literature about the main contributions of fathers and siblings to the disabled individual development based on the family systems perspective. The purpose is to deepen the subject families of disabled people, focusing those elements that have been left in a second plan in studies of this area, father and siblings, showing their importance in the development of these individuals. Thus, aspects of the relation father-individual with special needs and siblings-individual with special needs in literature are argued, elucidating the practical and methodological challenges of these studies that investigate such relations. One expects to contribute, in this analysis, for the interest increase in the related area.

Análise de instrumentos para triagem do desenvolvimento infantil

A literatura mostra a importância da identificacao precoce de sinais de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil e a dificuldade na escolha de instrumentos de avaliacao. Os objetivos foram comparar o Denver II e a EDC com uma escala de referencia (EEDP) quanto a identificacao de criancas com atraso de desenvolvimento, verificar diferenca nos resultados considerando genero dos participantes e averiguar a convergencia dos resultados das escalas. Participaram 24 bebes de cinco a onze meses, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores de creches municipais. Os instrumentos foram aplicados individualmente e em sequencia pre-definida. A analise estatistica revelou que a escala EDC e o Denver II nao podem ser considerados semelhantes a escala EEDP. Quanto ao genero, nao houve diferenca significativa. Nao houve convergencia de itens falhos segundo as areas. Assim, e importante ter cautela na escolha de instrumentos para triagem e obter informacoes de diferentes fontes sobre o desenvolvimento da crianca.The literature shows the importance of early identification of child development delays and difficulty in choosing as - sessment instruments. The objectives of this study were to compare the Denver II and RDB with a scale of reference (EEDP) con- cerning children identification with delay of development; to verify difference in the results considering gender of the participants and to investigate results convergence of the scales. Participants were 24 babies with ages ranging from five to 11 months, both sex, attending to local nurseries. The instruments were administered individually and sequentially pre-defined. Statistical analysis revealed that the scale RDB and the Denver II may not be considered similar to the scale EEDP. Considering sex, there was no significant difference. There was no convergence of faulty items in the areas. Therefore, important to be careful on the choice of instruments for screening and obtaining information from different sources on child development.

Revisão de estudos sobre o Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) para o ensino de linguagem a indivíduos com autismo e outras dificuldades de fala

O Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) e um sistema de comunicacao frequentemente utilizado em individuos com autismo e/ou pouca fala funcional. Ate a data, nenhuma revisao sobre intervencoes com o PECS foi publicada no Brasil. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram revisar as literaturas brasileira e estrangeira sobre o estado da arte do PECS como um instrumento de ensino de linguagem a individuos com autismo e dificuldades de fala, apontar o que tem sido pesquisado, os resultados mais encontrados e direcoes para novos estudos, principalmente para a literatura brasileira. Quatro artigos foram encontrados na literatura estrangeira e seis na literatura brasileira. Dados referentes ao numero de participantes, delineamento de pesquisa, duracao do estudo, setting, fases implementadas, resultados encontrados, fidedignidade inter-observador e de procedimento, validade social, manutencao e generalizacao foram sumarizados. Os estudos revisados mostraram que, em consonância com a literatura, o PECS parece ser efetivo no ensino da comunicacao a individuos com autismo ou com pouca fala funcional, apesar de o pequeno numero de participantes de cada estudo indicar que o PECS e uma estrategia de ensino individual.

Rede social de apoio de mães com deficiência intelectual

Este estudo caracterizou a rede de apoio de maes com deficiencia intelectual e analisou a opiniao das pessoas que lhes fornecem apoio. Participaram do estudo cinco maes com deficiencia intelectual e oito fontes de apoio. Foram realizadas entrevistas de levantamento de dados, entrevista com as maes sobre apoio social e entrevista com as fontes de apoio acerca do apoio fornecido. Os resultados demonstraram restrita rede social, constituida majoritariamente por familiares e por apoio pratico, alem de historias de vida dificeis. Tais dados apontam a necessidade de servicos que favorecam o aumento da rede social dessas maes e o tipo de apoio, e a importância de futuros estudos que investiguem os aspectos envolvidos no isolamento social e na maternidade dessas mulheres.

Ensinando o pai a brincar com seu bebê com síndrome de Down

Os membros da familia de uma pessoa com necessidades educacionais especiais podem precisar de assistencia e deveriam ser clientes de servicos e intervencoes profissionais. Embora as maes sejam o principal cuidador da crianca em contato com os programas de intervencao precoce, estudos tem cada vez mais mostrado a importância do pai e de sua participacao. Este estudo 3 teve como objetivo avaliar se uma intervencao direcionada ao pai altera seus padroes de interacoes diadicas com seu bebe com sindrome de Down em situacoes de brincadeira. Foi utilizado o Protocolo de Categorias de Analise das Filmagens de Interacao na analise de cinco filmagens de interacao: duas antes, uma durante, uma apos a intervencao e uma de follow-up . O pai participou de treino de comportamentos para o desenvolvimento do bebe, com orientacoes sobre como estimular a crianca. Houve o aumento na frequencia de comportamentos positivos apos o feedback fornecido aos pais e ao longo da intervencao ate o final desta, indicando um efeito positivo das orientacoes fornecidas. As maes, que nao passaram pelo treino, nao tiveram os mesmos ganhos. Contudo, os efeitos nos pais nao se mantiveram no follow-up . As criancas tambem passaram a exibir mais comportamentos positivos em interacao. Conclui-se que os objetivos foram alcancados e que e possivel envolver o pai nos programas de intervencao precoce visando ao melhor desenvolvimento de bebes com atraso.

Caracterização de família de mãe com deficiência intelectual e os efeitos no desenvolvimento dos filhos

The way in which parents educate their children seems to be crucial to promoting appropriate behaviors, but most families find it difficult to educate their children. Families of parents with intellectual disability can be at risk for the childrens development. Studies that aim to diagnose, describe and intervene, while empowering these mothers in order to minimize these risks, are important and necessary. This study describes a family about which there was suspicion that the mother presented intellectual disabilities; it discusses their stressors, and some effects of multiple stressors on childrens development and adherence to intervention programs. The family was followed for four years and the children were evaluated during this period to follow up on their development. The study also included assessment of the mothers disability and orientation of the family. There were weekly hour and a half visits. The findings confirm those seen in the literature, i.e. that children showed delayed development for their age. Other risk factors present were: poverty, low parental education, family violence, alcoholism, that worsened the problems. The results suggest the importance of taking care of this population and addressing public policies to minimize the effects of this kind of situation.

Análisis de instrumentos para la selección del desarrollo infantil

A literatura mostra a importância da identificacao precoce de sinais de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil e a dificuldade na escolha de instrumentos de avaliacao. Os objetivos foram comparar o Denver II e a EDC com uma escala de referencia (EEDP) quanto a identificacao de criancas com atraso de desenvolvimento, verificar diferenca nos resultados considerando genero dos participantes e averiguar a convergencia dos resultados das escalas. Participaram 24 bebes de cinco a onze meses, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores de creches municipais. Os instrumentos foram aplicados individualmente e em sequencia pre-definida. A analise estatistica revelou que a escala EDC e o Denver II nao podem ser considerados semelhantes a escala EEDP. Quanto ao genero, nao houve diferenca significativa. Nao houve convergencia de itens falhos segundo as areas. Assim, e importante ter cautela na escolha de instrumentos para triagem e obter informacoes de diferentes fontes sobre o desenvolvimento da crianca.The literature shows the importance of early identification of child development delays and difficulty in choosing as - sessment instruments. The objectives of this study were to compare the Denver II and RDB with a scale of reference (EEDP) con- cerning children identification with delay of development; to verify difference in the results considering gender of the participants and to investigate results convergence of the scales. Participants were 24 babies with ages ranging from five to 11 months, both sex, attending to local nurseries. The instruments were administered individually and sequentially pre-defined. Statistical analysis revealed that the scale RDB and the Denver II may not be considered similar to the scale EEDP. Considering sex, there was no significant difference. There was no convergence of faulty items in the areas. Therefore, important to be careful on the choice of instruments for screening and obtaining information from different sources on child development.

Analysis of instruments for screening of childhood development

A literatura mostra a importância da identificacao precoce de sinais de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil e a dificuldade na escolha de instrumentos de avaliacao. Os objetivos foram comparar o Denver II e a EDC com uma escala de referencia (EEDP) quanto a identificacao de criancas com atraso de desenvolvimento, verificar diferenca nos resultados considerando genero dos participantes e averiguar a convergencia dos resultados das escalas. Participaram 24 bebes de cinco a onze meses, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores de creches municipais. Os instrumentos foram aplicados individualmente e em sequencia pre-definida. A analise estatistica revelou que a escala EDC e o Denver II nao podem ser considerados semelhantes a escala EEDP. Quanto ao genero, nao houve diferenca significativa. Nao houve convergencia de itens falhos segundo as areas. Assim, e importante ter cautela na escolha de instrumentos para triagem e obter informacoes de diferentes fontes sobre o desenvolvimento da crianca.The literature shows the importance of early identification of child development delays and difficulty in choosing as - sessment instruments. The objectives of this study were to compare the Denver II and RDB with a scale of reference (EEDP) con- cerning children identification with delay of development; to verify difference in the results considering gender of the participants and to investigate results convergence of the scales. Participants were 24 babies with ages ranging from five to 11 months, both sex, attending to local nurseries. The instruments were administered individually and sequentially pre-defined. Statistical analysis revealed that the scale RDB and the Denver II may not be considered similar to the scale EEDP. Considering sex, there was no significant difference. There was no convergence of faulty items in the areas. Therefore, important to be careful on the choice of instruments for screening and obtaining information from different sources on child development.