Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Williams

Crianças expostas à violência conjugal: avaliação do desempenho acadêmico

This study assessed the academic performance of 30 children in pairs: 15 children exposed to marital violence attending elementary school and 15 children not exposed to violence, of the same gender and age chosen in the same classes of their respective pairs. The teachers answered the Academic Performance Rating Scale (APRS), and supplied a copy of the childrens grades. The Academic Performance Test (TDE) was used to assess the academic skills in which the children had difficulties. The results pointed out that, from 15 children exposed to violence, 14 had witnessed at least one episode of aggression towards their mother and seven were living in an violent environment for more than five years. APRS test results were significantly lower for the group of exposed children, with an average of 52.9 points against 67.8 from the group of non-exposed children. In the school grades and TDE test the differences were not significant.

Violência intrafamiliar e intimidação entre colegas no ensino fundamental

Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo investigar a associacao entre intimidacao entre pares e violencia intrafamiliar. Participaram do estudo 239 estudantes, com idades entre 11 e 15 anos, sendo que 34,7% eram meninos e 65,3%, meninas. Construiu-se um questionario baseado em outros instrumentos que continha: questoes sobre variaveis sociodemograficas; itens que investigavam a exposicao dos estudantes a violencia interparental e questoes que mediam a violencia fisica e psicologica cometida por maes e pais contra os participantes. O envolvimento em bullying foi avaliado por meio de 26 itens, desenvolvidos especialmente para os propositos do estudo, baseados em uma versao modificada do questionario de Olweus. Foram encontradas associacoes entre violencia domestica e bullying, com peculiaridades de acordo com o sexo dos participantes. Estar exposto a violencia interparental esteve associado com ser alvo/autor de bullying na escola, especialmente para as meninas, mas nao com ser vitima de intimidacao. A violencia parental direta, por sua vez, aumentou a probabilidade de os meninos relatarem envolvimento em bullying como vitima e tambem a chance de ser vitima-agressora. Entre as meninas, sofrer violencia por parte dos pais mostrou-se um fator associado somente com atuar em intimidacao como alvo/autor.

A escola como fator de proteção à conduta infracional de adolescentes.

Este estudo tracou o perfil de adolescentes submetidos a medidas socioeducativas em uma cidade do interior de Sao Paulo, mediante exame de 123 prontuarios de atendimento, em 2002. A analise das informacoes indicou que o fato de o adolescente nao frequentar a escola foi associado ao numero crescente de reincidencias, ao uso de entorpecentes e, tambem, ao emprego de armas. Adicionalmente, constatou-se que os participantes com nivel educacional mais alto viviam com ambos os pais, enquanto aqueles com escolaridade mais baixa viviam em familias monoparentais. Considerando que a frequencia a escola reduziu a severidade do ato infracional, o uso de armas e o emprego de drogas, muito pode ser feito para enfrentar os desafios de acolher tais adolescentes no sistema educacional, ao inves de expulsa-los.

O comportamento agressivo de crianças do sexo masculino na escola e sua relação com a violência doméstica

The present study aimed at studying the aggressive behaviors of male children in school and its relation to domestic violence. For such purpose, 28 male children and their mothers were evaluated, 14 of them showed aggression in schools (Group A) and were compared to 14 children of the same sex and income who did not present aggression (Group B). Data were initially gathered by the teachers of three elementary schools of an inland city of Sao Paulo state. Afterwards, data were taken with the childrens mothers in their respective homes. General results point to the occurrence of violence in both groups; however, the group of aggressive children had more incidents and more severity of violence. Final considerations point to the need for further research in order to expand the knowledge of aggressive behavior and its relationship to domestic violence.

Concepções da professora acerca do abuso sexual infantil

A escola mostra-se como lugar ideal para deteccao e intervencao em casos de abuso sexual infantil, uma vez que o principal agressor geralmente encontra-se na familia. Considerando que a escola deve ter como objetivo garantir a qualidade de vida de sua clientela, bem como promover a cidadania, para delinear um programa que possa capacitar tais profissionais em casos de abuso sexual, parece necessario, em primeiro lugar, conhecer o universo de informacoes que eles detem sobre o tema, sobre a legislacao a respeito e sobre os direitos da crianca. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as informacoes de 20 educadoras de escolas municipais de educacao infantil sobre o abuso sexual de criancas em uma cidade de medio porte. As informacoes obtidas foram analisadas e divididas em sete categorias. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das educadoras possuia informacoes insuficientes acerca do tema e afirmava adotar procedimentos inadequados diante dos casos de criancas que sofreram abusos sexuais.

O impacto do envolvimento parental no desempenho acadêmico de crianças escolares

The relationship between parental involvement in children’s education and children’s academic performance is provided. A total of 110 (fourth grade children) participated in this study. The children completed the questionnaire “Quality of family interaction according to the children” and were evaluated by the using the School Performance Test (TDE). Results showed that the higher the frequency of mother-and father-child communication and the greater the parents’ involvement in the children’s school, cultural and leisure activities, the higher the children’s academic performance. Results suggest the importance of parental involvement on the children’s academic performance. In case of deficits is this area, the urgent need of programs aiming at improving the quality of the interactions between parents and their children, is enhanced.

Intervenção com famílias como estratégia de prevenção de problemas de comportamento em crianças: uma revisão

Literature on family intervention to prevent the de velopment of behavior problems in children is revie wed. Within extant parents’ intervention models availabl e, current paper discusses three programs that have been recognized for their effectiveness and their well-structured theore tical and practical parameters: The Oregon Social Learning Center, The Incredible Years and The Positive Parenting Program (Triple P). Studies that develop and assess family intervention s within the Brazilian context are presented. The phenomenon of low-income families’ low involvement with parenta l involvement programs is analyzed. The paper points out the need for more research in Brazil to increase the theore tical and practical work with families and the development of research that wo uld investigate the low-income families’ in the pro g ams.

Influências paternas no desenvolvimento infantil: revisão da literatura

This paper was aimed at reviewing the indexed scientific production on the Brazilian and international literature, of empirical studies related to adult fathers of children (zero to six years old), between 1999 and 2003 that described the father-child interaction or corr elated the father-child interaction with child development. A systematic search on bibliographical database (PsycInfo, LILACS and Periodicos Capes) was conducted, using the key-words: father, paternal involvement, child and child development . A total of twelve studies were identified (four Brazilian and eight international). They were analyzed taking into account different aspects (published journal, variables studied, technique of da ta collection, results and indications for future research). A low incidence of articles regarding the importance of paternal involvement on child dev elopment was noted, specially in the Brazilian context.

Concepções de sexualidade entre adolescentes com e sem histórico de violência sexual

Os objetivos deste estudo consistiram em: verificar as concepcoes de sexualidade de adolescentes que passaram por violencia sexual comparando as que nao passaram e avaliar se os dois grupos de adolescentes (vitimas e nao vitimas) diferiam quanto aos escores no Inventario de Depressao. A pesquisa foi realizada com 16 adolescentes do sexo feminino, sendo oito jovens vitimas de violencia sexual, e outras oito jovens que jamais passaram por experiencia deste abuso. Na maioria dos casos o agressor era proximo da vitima e houve a consumacao do ato sexual vaginal. Verificou-se que as adolescentes que passaram por violencia sexual, contrastando com as demais, demonstravam medo quanto a se envolverem com individuo do sexo oposto e tambem do ato sexual. Neste grupo foram encontradas ideias equivocadas acerca da sexualidade. Quanto a se sentir a vontade diante de um individuo do sexo oposto, todas as vitimas de abuso declararam que nao se sentiam.

Terapia de grupo cognitivo-comportamental com agressores conjugais

Abstract Many batterers’ characteristics have been described, such as: jealousy, low self-esteem, insecurity and denial of violent behavior. Banduras’social learning theory emphasizes the influence of the social environment on the aggressive behaviors acquisition, maintenance anddevelopment. The Brazilian authors’ literature review did not find enough systematic and specific projects for batterers. The goal of thisstudy was to appraise a cognitive-behavioral group therapy efficiency for batterers, in order to reduce aggressive behaviors. Seven menwho had been charged with wife assault participated of the study. The themes and techniques used were: taking responsibility for theaggression anger management, role-playing and time-out. There were eight two-hour weekly sessions for two months. The results w ereanalyzed from the interviews, pre and post test questionnaire responses (Conflict Tactics Scale) and three moments of Follow-u p (three,six and twelve months after the process). According to this evaluation, the study’s goals were achieved. Two reincidence episodes wereregistred.Key words: aggression; cognitive-behavior therapy; group therapy; family violence.