Ana Paula Carlos Cândido

Association of vitamin D insufficiency with adiposity and metabolic disorders in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D in adolescents and its relationship to overweight and metabolic disorders. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO recommendations. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3 d dietary record. The biochemical evaluation comprised measurements of serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, calcidiol (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. Body composition and blood pressure were assessed. SETTING Fifteen schools (eight public and seven private) in the central city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. SUBJECTS The analysis included a study population of 160 adolescents (seventy-seven eutrophic and eighty-three overweight) aged 15 to 17 years. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed in 1.25 and 70.6 % of adolescents, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D levels were statistically lower in adolescents with weight excess, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, higher levels of parathyroid hormone, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension (P < 0.05). Lower BMI and waist circumference were observed in the third (highest) tertile of vitamin D intake for all adolescents. The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is primarily nutritional and reflects a low vitamin D intake. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the negative association among serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D intake with non-skeletal outcomes in Brazilian adolescents. Vitamin D fortification of foods and/or the use of vitamin D supplements need to be considered to raise vitamin D intake in the adolescent population, even in a sunny country like Brazil.

Association between nutritional status, food habits and physical activity level in schoolchildren

OBJECTIVES To analyze the relation between nutritional status, food habits and physical activity level in schoolchildren. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 661 schoolchildren, from 6 to 14 years old, enrolled in public and private schools located in the urban area of Ouro Preto, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on demographic, socio-economic, anthropometric and level of physical activity variables. Schoolchildren were classified according to criteria for body mass index by age, body fat percentage and physical activity level, respectively. Dietary data were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire specific for children and adolescents. Food consumption was evaluated according to an adaptation of the Recommended Foods Score, whose objective is the assessment of overall diet quality with a focus on healthy food consumption. RESULTS We observed high frequency of overweight according to body mass index per age (20.1%) and body fat percentage (22.8%), as well as physical inactivity (80.3%) among schoolchildren. We also found low scores on the Recommended Foods Score in 77.2% of students. There was no significant relation between overweight and physical inactivity or food consumption (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Schoolchildren had a high frequency of overweight, which, alone, was not associated with the high physical inactivity and the low quality diet observed. Therefore, more studies should be performed to identify other factors besides those already described, which may be influencing overweight in this population.

A comparative study of methods for diagnosis of obesity in an urban mixed-race population in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

BACKGROUND Obesity is defined as an excess of total body fat and may be assessed by different methods. The objective of the present study was to establish the discriminatory power of anthropometric data in determining obesity. METHODS The subjects comprised 685 individuals, aged 20-79 years, sampled from a population-based survey. The following indicators were used: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat percentage estimated with both Siris equation (%BF Siri) and foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (%BF BIA). Sensitivity and specificity of different cut-off points for each method were determined using %BF BIA as reference. RESULTS Of 685 participants, 57.6% were aged >/= 40 years, 69.9% were women and 72.6% self-referred themselves as non-white. To classify obesity based on sex and age among women aged 0.05). Classifying according to skin colour did not change cut-off points in any indicator. CONCLUSION BMI and WC better discriminate obesity among women and men aged >/= 40 years from a mixed-race population.

Cross-sectional study showed that breakfast consumption was associated with demographic, clinical and biochemical factors in children and adolescents

We investigated the demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and behavioural factors associated with children and adolescents who missed breakfast.

Clustered Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Adolescents

Background: Clusters of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between classic CVR factor clusters and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Measurements included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters and selected inflammatory markers in 487 adolescents (236 boys/251 girls; 12.06 ± 1.41 years). Results: After stratifying the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was performed and it produced 5 independent components in both genders: adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein. Glucose metabolism was inversely associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in both genders (r = -0.026; r = -0.021); blood pressure was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in girls (r = -0.046); HDL/TG was positively associated with interleukin-6 in girls (r = 0.012), with IL-1β (r = 0.010) TNF-α (r = 0.045) in boys, and inversely associated with adiponectin in both genders (r = -0.015; r = -0.013). Conclusion: The results suggest that lipid metabolism alterations, as potential early events in the development of CVDs, have a strong link to the inflammatory process, in contrast to other clusters of risk factors.

Reply: Vertical segmental tetrapolar bioimpedance for excess body fat assessment in adolescents,

As indagacoes apresentadas pelos professores Dr. Roberto Fernandes da Costa e Dr. Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino sao pertinentes e, por isso, gostariamos de esclarecer os comentarios submetidos ao Jornal. Valorizamos, de inicio, a discussao cientifica e as colocacoes registradas pelos estimados pesquisadores cooperaram para a compreensao de nossos achados. Em resposta ao questionamento referente a admissao do aparelho Biodynamics (modelo 450; WA, EUA) como nossa tecnica de referencia, ressaltamos que a literatura corrobora essa escolha metodologica. A titulo de exemplo, Goncalves et al. constataram que tal equipamento tinha boa capacidade preditiva na deteccao do excesso de gordura corporal em individuos adolescentes. Ate afirmaram que mesmo diante da impossibilidade de cumprimento do protocolo de medicao os resultados obtidos tambem se assemelharam aos da Absortometria Radiologica de Dupla Energia (Dexa). Nao obstante, ressaltamos que em momento algum fizemos quaisquer comentarios que caracterizassem, erroneamente, o aparelho usado em nossa pesquisa como um padrao-ouro, pois reconhecemos que ele apresenta limitacoes e nao deve ser julgado como um substituto homologo para os metodos indiretos: a Dexa, a pesagem hidrostatica, a pletismografia etc. Tambem nao mencionamos que estavamos validando a bioimpedância tetrapolar segmentada vertical Tanita (modelo BC-558; Amsterda, Paises Baixos). Propomo-nos, sim, a compara-la simplificadamente com outro aparelho, cujo uso e respaldado para a avaliacao dos publicos adulto e pediatrico, alem de mais acessivel na pratica clinica. Aproveitamos esta circunstância para assinalar uma retificacao: o teor de massa livre de gordura dos participantes submetidos aos exames foi estimado por meio das equacoes referidas por Chumlea et al. no estudo ‘‘Specific resistivity used to estimate fat-free mass from segmental body measures of bloelectric impedance’’. No entanto, nos equivocamos na secao de referencias e citamos outra

Important nutritional and social factors to pregnancy outcomes in women followed at primary care network of Juiz de Fora

Introduction: pregnancy requires elevated nutritional needs and, due to its high vulnerability, various conditions can interfere in the normal course of pregnancy; therefore, medical follow-up is important. Objectives: to evaluate the nutritional and health status, analyze food intake and investigate the socioeconomic profile of pregnant women attending the Juiz de Fora Health Units (MG). Methods: this was a descriptive observational study. The longitudinal monitoring began in the third trimester of pregnancy and lasted until the first postpartum month. Data collection was carried out in the network of primary health care in eight basic units in the western and southern regions of Juiz de Fora through questionnaires and anthropometric evaluations. Results: 111 women participated in the study; most were eutrophic before the pregnancy; more than half began the prenatal care up to the third month of pregnancy and attended to more than seven consultations in total. Gestational anemia was detected in 20% of women. The sample Important nutritional and social factors to pregnancy outcomes in women followed at primary care network of Juiz de Fora Barbara Danelon Andrade1, Ana Carolline Pereira Silva1, Marcela Thiago Mendes dos Santos1, Thais Campos1, Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti2, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido3, Renata Maria Souza Oliveira4, Aline Silva de Aguiar Nemer5, Michele Pereira Netto6 1 Academica do Curso de Nutricao do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas-ICB da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 2 Nutricionista. Doutora em Ciencias: Fisiopatologia Clinica e Experimental. Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 3 Nutricionista. Doutora em Ciencias Biologicas. Professora Adjunta do departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 4 Nutricionista. Doutora em Saude. Professora Adjunta do departamento de nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 5 Nutricionista. Doutora em Patologia. Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 6 Nutricionista. Doutora em Ciencias da Saude. Professora Adjunta Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. Suporte Financeiro: Apoio financeiro: PROEX (Pro-reitoria de extensao) e PROPESQ (Pro-reitoria de pesquisa) – Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – MG. Tipo de auxilio: Concessao de bolsas de iniciacao cientifica e bolsa de extensao. Fatores nutricionais e sociais de importância para o resultado da gestacao, em mulheres em acompanhamento na rede de atencao primaria de Juiz de Fora DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20150069

Factors related to birth weight: influence of gestational data

Introduction: birth weight is a determinant factor in the health of newborns. Factors related to health and maternal behaviors influence the birth conditions and, consequently, birth weight. Objectives: to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and birth weight. Patients and methods: this was a longitudinal study performed in two stages including 87 women. In the first, pregnant women answered a questionnaire with socio-economic information, variables related to pregnancy, obstetric history, and 24 hours food recall. The second stage took place in the first postpartum month; nursing mothers were questioned through telephone contacts about their delivery characteristics, their newborn, and total weight gain during pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the pregnancy variables and birth weight. Results: the average consumption of iron, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin A were below the nutritional recommendations, except for vitamin C, which was appropriately consumed. After the logistic regression adjustments, the variables pre-pregnancy nutritional status (OR = 5.457; p = 0.012), start of prenatal care (OR = 1.509; p = 0.015), and density of dietary calcium (OR = 2.672; p = 0.048) remained associated with birth weight. Conclusions: the importance Factors related to birth weight: influence of gestational data Marcela Thiago Mendes dos Santos1, Thais Campos1, Ana Carolline Pereira Silva1, Barbara Danelon Andrade1, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido2, Renata Maria Souza Oliveira2, Aline Silva de Aguiar Nemer2, Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti2, Michele Pereira Netto3 1 Academica do Curso de Nutricao da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 2 Nutricionista. Doutora. Professora do Departamento de Nutricao da UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 3 Nutricionista. Doutora. Professora Adjunto da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. Fatores relacionados ao peso ao nascer: influencia de dados gestacionais DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20150037

Artigo originalEvaluation of the predictive capacity of vertical segmental tetrapolar bioimpedance for excess weight detection in adolescentsAvaliação da capacidade preditiva da bioimpedância tetrapolar segmentada vertical na detecção do excesso de peso em adolescentes

Objective To analyze the predictive capacity of the vertical segmental tetrapolar bioimpedance apparatus in the detection of excess weight in adolescents, using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance as a reference.