Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti

Influence of the leptin and cortisol levels on craving and smoking cessation

Leptin inhibits cortisol release and may increase the craving for cigarettes, hindering the process of smoking cessation. We evaluate the influence of the initial concentration of cortisol and serum leptin on craving and smoking status in individuals after one month of treatment for smoking cessation. The leptin concentration was adjusted by the Initial Body Mass Index (BMI) (leptin/BMI) and the initial percentage of body fat (%BF) (leptin/%BF). The craving was assessed using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief). The QSU-Brief was assessed about a score of factor 1 (positive reinforcement by tobacco), and factor 2 (negative reinforcement by tobacco). Correlation was found between QSU-Brief (Factor 1 and 2) with the initial concentration of leptin/BF% among those who continued to smoke. There was a negative correlation between cortisol levels and leptin/%BF in individuals who remained smokers after 1 month. There was a positive correlation between leptin/BMI and leptin/%BF with the QSU-Brief (Factor 2) of 1 month in women who remained smokers (r=0.565; p=0.023) and the QSU-Brief (Factor 2) initial among the abstinent women (r=0.551; p=0.033). The highest concentrations of leptin were associated with greater craving and difficulty in achieve abstinence.

SERUM CONCENTRATION OF NITRIC OXIDE IN WOMEN SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS WITH OVERWEIGHT.

AIM to evaluate the serum concentration of NO in overweight women, smokers (SG) and nonsmokers (NSG). METHODS blood samples from smokers (n = 20) and nonsmokers (n = 18) were collected to obtain serum, and stored at -80 °C until analysis. NO was assessed by measuring total nitrite, determined by Greiss method. It was adopted as reference 24.4 μmol/L, mean value found in a study with healthy subjects without excess weight. We used the Student t test to compare the means of age and waist circumference, and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the median of concentrations of nitrite, number of cigarettes/day and Body Mass Index. We adopted a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS the median nitrite in SG was 16.53 (2.79 - 69.72) μmol/L, whereas in NSG was 10.85 (1.44 - 43.25) μmol/L (p = 0.028). BMI median value to SG and NSG, was respectively 29.50 (25.00 - 38.14) kg/m2 and 30.68 (25.10 - 36.98) kg/m2 (p = 0.530), being classified as overweight. The data showing that the average nitrite was below the estimated value for healthy individuals. CONCLUSION the results indicate a decrease of NO metabolites in women with excess weight, independently of being smoker. Despite the significant difference found between groups, these women had values well below the reference value of NO for healthy women. Therefore, it seems that smoking does not interfere in nitrite levels in patients already compromised by obesity.

Estágios motivacionais para mudança de comportamento em indivíduos que iniciam tratamento para perda de peso

Objective Although there are effective programs for treating obesity, are large dropout rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivational stage in patients who were overweight or obesity I and II, in an outpatient clinic nutrition, and its associated factors. Methods It is a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling, in which information from the clinical history, anthropometry, binge eating (BES – Binge Eating Scale) and motivation for treatment (URICA – University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale) were collected. Results Of the 48 evaluated, 29.2% were in precontemplation stage, 41.7% were in contemplation stage and 29.2% were in action stage. Who sought treatment for comorbidity control besides the weight loss had greater readiness score (p = 0.024). Motivation was not related to nutritional status, nor the previous attempt at weight loss, but was related to the previous professional guidance (p = 0.005). Among 26.8% had moderate or severe symptoms for binge eating, 90.9% were in contemplation, with a significant difference in pre-contemplation (p = 0.001) and action (p = 0.02). Conclusion These results suggest that individuals who seek treatment for weight loss do not make it with the necessary motivation, and that if professional advice on the weight loss importance occurred before the associated with obesity pathologies were installed, more motivated individuals could seek treating and preventing these complications.

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil bioquimico e nutricional de fumantes em tratamento para a cessacao tabagica e sua associacao com parâmetros antropometricos. METODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra de conveniencia. Adultos fumantes foram avaliados no inicio do tratamento no Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa e Intervencao em Tabagismo do Hospital Universitario da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). Foram avaliados o indice de massa corporal (IMC), indice de conicidade (IC), circunferencia da cintura (CC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), glicemia de jejum, cortisol, insulina, colesterol total (TC), colesterol LDL-c, HDL-c, trigliceridos (TG) e sindrome metabolica (SM). RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes possuia SM e alto risco cardiovascular. A glicemia de jejum estava alterada em 30,4%. Houve correlacao positiva significativa entre IMC e CC (r = 0,90; p = 0,0001), %GC (r = 0,79; p = 0,0001), IC (r = 0,65; p = 0,0001), glicemia (r = 0,42; p = 0,04) e TG (r = 0,47; p = 0,002). O IC tambem apresentou correlacao positiva com insulina (r = 0,6; p = 0,001), glicemia (r = 0,55; p = 0,007), TG (r = 0,54; p = 0,008) e %GC (r = 0,43; p = 0,004). Pacientes com maior tempo de tabagismo tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM (O = 9,6; p = 0,016). CONCLUSAO: Os fumantes avaliados tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM, especialmente aqueles que fumavam por mais tempo, requerendo urgencia para a cessacao tabagica.

Alteration of inflammatory adipokines after four months of smoking abstinence in multidisciplinary intervention program

BACKGROUND many endocrine-metabolic changes are involved in smoking. OBJECTIVES to evaluate serum concentrations of inflammatory adipokines in smokers at baseline and after four months of treatment for smoking cessation. METHODS the serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in smokers and abstinent. Nutritional assessment was based on measurements of body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), to calculate body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Biochemical parameters were analyzed: total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, glucose, cortisol and insulin. The serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A) was calculated. RESULTS a total of 29 subjects were included in this study (22 women and seven men). The mean age of participants was 50.7 ± 10.47 years. The medium values of WHtR and BAI were above of the proposed cutoff point, indicating abdominal obesity. The biochemical parameters did not present statistically significant differences when comparing the initial and final values. At the end of treatment, the abstinent had higher levels of adiponectin when compared to those who remained smoker (p = 0.024). There was an increase in leptin levels and L/A, and a reduction in adiponectin levels after the treatment in abstinent and smokers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION this study has demonstrated that smoking cessation improves adiponectin levels when compared with smokers. Leptin and L/A levels increased throughout the treatment in both groups. The increased values of leptin and L/A in abstinent participants may indicate risk of metabolic events associated with smoking history that should be investigated.

Caloric and protein intake in different periods of hospitalization of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status and caloric and protein intake during the hospitalization of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods A retrospective study was performed based on clinical and nutritional data of patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from March 2015 to March 2017. The mean caloric and protein intake were evaluated in three different intervals (P1: from admission to the day before transplantation, P2: from the transplantation day to the day before engraftment, P3: from the engraftment day to the day of hospital discharge). Body mass index, weight loss, gastrointestinal symptoms and use of nutritional therapy were also evaluated. Results Thirty-five patients were included in this study (25 autologous and ten allogeneic). The majority (62.6%) were overweight at admission. The median and percentage weight loss were 3.2 kg and 4.6%, respectively. A nutritional supplement was provided to 33 patients for a median of nine days. The most prevalent gastrointestinal symptoms were nausea (91.4%), vomiting (88.6%) and diarrhea (80%). The mean caloric and protein intake and adequacy of patients were 1569.0 ± 443.3 Kcal (73.6 ± 22.1%) and 66 ± 22.8 g (61.9 ± 20%), respectively. The allogeneic group presented lower intake and caloric and protein adequacy throughout hospitalization, in particular in P2, compared to the autologous patients. Conclusion The patients presented deterioration of nutritional status during hospitalization with the reduction in food intake being greater in patients submitted to allogeneic transplantation.

Important nutritional and social factors to pregnancy outcomes in women followed at primary care network of Juiz de Fora

Introduction: pregnancy requires elevated nutritional needs and, due to its high vulnerability, various conditions can interfere in the normal course of pregnancy; therefore, medical follow-up is important. Objectives: to evaluate the nutritional and health status, analyze food intake and investigate the socioeconomic profile of pregnant women attending the Juiz de Fora Health Units (MG). Methods: this was a descriptive observational study. The longitudinal monitoring began in the third trimester of pregnancy and lasted until the first postpartum month. Data collection was carried out in the network of primary health care in eight basic units in the western and southern regions of Juiz de Fora through questionnaires and anthropometric evaluations. Results: 111 women participated in the study; most were eutrophic before the pregnancy; more than half began the prenatal care up to the third month of pregnancy and attended to more than seven consultations in total. Gestational anemia was detected in 20% of women. The sample Important nutritional and social factors to pregnancy outcomes in women followed at primary care network of Juiz de Fora Barbara Danelon Andrade1, Ana Carolline Pereira Silva1, Marcela Thiago Mendes dos Santos1, Thais Campos1, Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti2, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido3, Renata Maria Souza Oliveira4, Aline Silva de Aguiar Nemer5, Michele Pereira Netto6 1 Academica do Curso de Nutricao do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas-ICB da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 2 Nutricionista. Doutora em Ciencias: Fisiopatologia Clinica e Experimental. Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 3 Nutricionista. Doutora em Ciencias Biologicas. Professora Adjunta do departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 4 Nutricionista. Doutora em Saude. Professora Adjunta do departamento de nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 5 Nutricionista. Doutora em Patologia. Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 6 Nutricionista. Doutora em Ciencias da Saude. Professora Adjunta Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Nutricao/ICB da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. Suporte Financeiro: Apoio financeiro: PROEX (Pro-reitoria de extensao) e PROPESQ (Pro-reitoria de pesquisa) – Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – MG. Tipo de auxilio: Concessao de bolsas de iniciacao cientifica e bolsa de extensao. Fatores nutricionais e sociais de importância para o resultado da gestacao, em mulheres em acompanhamento na rede de atencao primaria de Juiz de Fora DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20150069

Factors related to birth weight: influence of gestational data

Introduction: birth weight is a determinant factor in the health of newborns. Factors related to health and maternal behaviors influence the birth conditions and, consequently, birth weight. Objectives: to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and birth weight. Patients and methods: this was a longitudinal study performed in two stages including 87 women. In the first, pregnant women answered a questionnaire with socio-economic information, variables related to pregnancy, obstetric history, and 24 hours food recall. The second stage took place in the first postpartum month; nursing mothers were questioned through telephone contacts about their delivery characteristics, their newborn, and total weight gain during pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the pregnancy variables and birth weight. Results: the average consumption of iron, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin A were below the nutritional recommendations, except for vitamin C, which was appropriately consumed. After the logistic regression adjustments, the variables pre-pregnancy nutritional status (OR = 5.457; p = 0.012), start of prenatal care (OR = 1.509; p = 0.015), and density of dietary calcium (OR = 2.672; p = 0.048) remained associated with birth weight. Conclusions: the importance Factors related to birth weight: influence of gestational data Marcela Thiago Mendes dos Santos1, Thais Campos1, Ana Carolline Pereira Silva1, Barbara Danelon Andrade1, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido2, Renata Maria Souza Oliveira2, Aline Silva de Aguiar Nemer2, Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti2, Michele Pereira Netto3 1 Academica do Curso de Nutricao da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 2 Nutricionista. Doutora. Professora do Departamento de Nutricao da UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. 3 Nutricionista. Doutora. Professora Adjunto da UFJF. Juiz de Fora, MG – Brasil. Fatores relacionados ao peso ao nascer: influencia de dados gestacionais DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20150037

Craving and Food Choices in Patients Under Treatment for Smoking Cessation

Introduction: The fissure, described as a strong desire to use the substance, and fear of weight gain affect the motivation of the individual to quit smoking. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of abstinence and craving in food choices and nutritional status (NS) of patients after one month of treatment for smoking cessation. Methods: Longitudinal study where we applied questionnaires to asses craving, dependence, alcohol consumption and food intake to decrease craving. The NS was assessed by BMI, waist circumference (WC) and abdominal circumference (AC). Evaluations were performed at baseline and after one month of treatment. Results: Among 23 participants who started treatment, 17 completed one month follow-up with 41.2% (n=7) abstinent. After a month of treatment, the craving was lower among those abstinent compared to smokers. The most consumed foods to reduce the craving were, firstly, fruits followed by coffee, water and candies. Most subjects presented overweight (mean BMI 27.9±6.9 kg/m^²), and increased cardiovascular risk (WC: 89.0±14.2; AC: 96.4±15.0). After one month of monitoring, these parameters have not changed significantly. Reducing cravings and maintenance anthropometric parameters are aspects that can positively influence in the treatment success. Conclusion: Smokers in treatment for one month for smoking cessation showed a decrease in nicotine craving. Abstinence did not change the anthropometric parameters. The fruits were the most consumed foods to reduce the craving.