Ana Paula Fracalanza

Governança das águas no Brasil: conflitos pela apropriação da água e a busca da integração como consenso

Abstract: This article analyses the water resources management in Brazil considering: the public policies related to water resources; the public agencies involved; decentralization and conflicts over water appropriation. It demonstrates that the implementation of the new water resources management System in Brazil needs to overcome some obstacles and frames that had their origins in the old water resources management system, in order to reach a refined and mature system. This process will take a long time.

Justiça ambiental e práticas de governança da água: (re) introduzindo questões de igualdade na agenda

O conceito de governanca vem sendo discutido enquanto uma nova forma de gestao de recursos naturais por incorporar a participacao de atores sociais no planejamento de politicas ambientais. O objetivo deste texto e verificar de que modo a vulnerabilidade social associada ao saneamento ambiental relaciona-se a injustica ambiental no Brasil. O trabalho analisa situacoes de desigualdade, a partir da sistematizacao de informacoes realizada por meio de revisao bibliografica. A analise ressalta a importância de uma boa governanca, considerando o papel fundamental das politicas publicas no combate as desigualdades socioambientais. Assim, e importante considerar: a integracao das politicas de agua com as de solo, bem como programas, agentes e instituicoes que desenvolvam atividades conjuntas; a prioridade de saneamento ambiental para populacoes pobres, alem do estabelecimento de subsidios; por fim a diferenciacao dos usuarios na cobranca pelo uso da agua, atuando no equilibrio entre a preservacao do recurso e a promocao dos usos multiplos.

Governança da água e inovação na política de recuperação de recursos hídricos na cidade de São Paulo

The degradation of urban rivers and creeks in large cities has stimulated the proposition of different public policies. This article analyzes public policies targeted at the environmental recovery of urban creeks as a new paradigm in the governance of water resources. The text approaches the urbanization pattern of the city of Sao Paulo, which has produced the degradation of its water resources, and the reach of public policies that aim at their recovery. In a context of contaminated creeks, floodplains occupied by squatter settlements, and lack of collection and treatment of sewage, policies for the environmental recovery of the water network can transform these creeks into important providers of ecosystemic services. Policies of recovery of urban rivers and creeks have a recognized innovative potential and can contribute to build a more sustainable city.

Challenges for the Sustainable Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Brazil

Abstract One of the biggest challenges for Brazilian cities is properly nmanaging the more than 180 000 tons of municipal solid waste collected daily in the country. This article shows how this challenge is being faced in Brazil. There are legal and regulatory instruments in place, in particular the Basic Sanitation National Policy (Law no. 11.445/2007) and the Solid Waste Law (Law no. 12.305/2010). However, the targets set by the National Solid Waste Policy to put an end to dumps and dispose of waste in landfills only from June 2014 were not met. There are still dumps in over 3000 cities, which have a significant impact on environmental and public health. The universalized provision of selective collection services is present in only 20% of Brazilian cities. The large and growing market for recycling is based on the work of thousands of waste pickers, who work on the streets, live in precarious conditions, are subject to environmental hazards and put their own health at risk. Noteworthy is the selective collection model operated jointly by municipalities and waste picker organizations, formed into associations and cooperatives, and the lack of compensation for their services to industry, governments and society.

Pagamento por serviços ambientais de recursos hídricos em áreas urbanas: perspectivas potenciais a partir de um programa de recuperação da qualidade de água na cidade de São Paulo

Payments for Environmental Services (PES) have been considered a strategy to value and manage natural resources. This study assumes that the PES can be an instrument to strengthen the sustainable management of water resources in urban areas, as recommended by the Strategic Master Plan of Sao Paulo. We discuss the perspective of applying the PES to Programa Corrego Limpo (PCL – Clean Stream Program), which has been playing a relevant role in the maintenance of the quality of urban water bodies in the city of Sao Paulo. This exploratory research demonstrates that the expected elements of a successful PES can be found in PCL in terms of relevant environmental services, providers that ensure its continuity, identification of beneficiaries and potential payers.