Gina Rizpah Besen

Gestão de resíduos sólidos em São Paulo: desafios da sustentabilidade

This paper presents the scenario related to urban solid waste at the national level, metropolitan Sao Paulo and Sao Paulo pointing the main advances, backlashes and challenges. The emphasis is on the important role of the universalization of selective waste collection with the inclusion of waste pickers of recyclable materials within the city of Sao Paulo as a strategy to promote socioenvironmental urban sustainability.

Challenges for the Sustainable Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Brazil

Abstract One of the biggest challenges for Brazilian cities is properly nmanaging the more than 180 000 tons of municipal solid waste collected daily in the country. This article shows how this challenge is being faced in Brazil. There are legal and regulatory instruments in place, in particular the Basic Sanitation National Policy (Law no. 11.445/2007) and the Solid Waste Law (Law no. 12.305/2010). However, the targets set by the National Solid Waste Policy to put an end to dumps and dispose of waste in landfills only from June 2014 were not met. There are still dumps in over 3000 cities, which have a significant impact on environmental and public health. The universalized provision of selective collection services is present in only 20% of Brazilian cities. The large and growing market for recycling is based on the work of thousands of waste pickers, who work on the streets, live in precarious conditions, are subject to environmental hazards and put their own health at risk. Noteworthy is the selective collection model operated jointly by municipalities and waste picker organizations, formed into associations and cooperatives, and the lack of compensation for their services to industry, governments and society.

Coleta seletiva na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo: impactos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos

A ampliacao e o fortalecimento da prestacao de servicos de coleta seletiva pelos municipios brasileiros, com integracao de catadores de materiais reciclaveis, organizados em cooperativas e associacoes de catadores, vem ao encontro das metas estabelecidas na Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos (PNRS). Estima-se que na Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo (RMSP), em 2013, foram desviadas dos aterros sanitarios, pela coleta seletiva formal, apenas 3,8% das 21.000 toneladas diarias de residuos solidos urbanos coletadas. O artigo analisa os impactos da PNRS na coleta seletiva formal da RMSP, a partir de resultados de pesquisas realizadas nos anos de 2004, 2010 e 2013. Foram entrevistados gestores publicos das 39 prefeituras. Verificou-se que embora a coleta seletiva, em especial a praticada por organizacoes de catadores, tenha se ampliado no periodo entre 2004 e 2013, nao se observaram avancos significativos no periodo de 2010 a 2013, apos a aprovacao da Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos.