Anderson Fernando Wamser

Combinação da altura de desponte e do espaçamento entre plantas de tomate

Three field experiments were carried out in Cacador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during 1998/1999, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 seasons to study four lopping heights of the tops (above the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th clusters) and four-plant spacings between plants (0.30; 0.45; 0.60, and 0.75 m). Plant spacing between rows of tomato cv. Diva was of 1.0 m, in all studied treatments and years of the research. Experiments were designed in randomized blocks, with three replicates in a factorial scheme (4 x 4). Plants were staked as crossed fence, using bamboo sticks as tutors. The yield, number of fruits, percentage and average weight of marketable fruits, plant height and stem base diameter were evaluated. Higher plant spacing resulted in a reduction of plant height, of the number and yield of commercial and total fruits. However, larger plant spacing provided higher average values of stem diameter and average weight of commercial fruits. In turn, the higher number of fruit clusters resulted in higher tomato plants, in the number of tomato fruits and yield of commercial and total fruits. However, more clusters in a plant reduced the stem diameter and the average weight of the commercial fruits.

Influence of the training systems of tomato plants on the incidence of diseases and insect-pests

ABSTRACT Influence of the training systems of tomato plants on theincidence of diseases and insect-pests The effect of different methods of staking and training tomatoplants was investigated to determine the severity of leaf damage andthe incidence of pests in fruits of different cultivars. Two experimentswere carried out in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, in Cacador, SantaCatarina State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of the combinationof two cultivars, Carmen and Debora Max, in 2004/2005, and NemoNetta and San Vito, in 2005/2006; four staking methods, crossedfence, ‘Mexican’, vertical staking with bamboo and vertical stakingwith polypropylene cord; and two training methods, one and twostems per plant keeping the same number of stems per area. Severitiesof late blight, early blight and bacterial spot in leaves and thepercentage of fruits with physiological and phytopathologicaldiseases and with insect damages were evaluated. All vertical stakingmethods provided smaller severity of late blight, early blight andbacterial spot in leaves and attack of insects than crossed fencemethod. The severity of leaf diseases and percentage of fruits withinsect damages did not differ among plant training methods.

Produção do tomateiro em função dos sistemas de condução de plantas

The effect of plant staking and training methods was studied on fruit yield and quality of four tomato cultivars. Two experiments were carried out in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, in Cacador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The treatments were a combination of two cultivars (Carmen and Debora Max, in 2004/05, and Nemo Netta and San Vito, in 2005/06), four staking methods (crossed fence, Mexican, vertical staking with bamboo and vertical staking with polypropylene cord) and two training methods (one and two stems per plant keeping the same number of stems per area), using the sub subplots experimental design. There was no statistical interaction between cultivars, training methods and among staking methods. The vertical staking with bamboo increased the production of fruits, when compared with other staking methods, and all vertical-staking methods increased the production of fruits, when compared to the crossed fence method. The training method with one stem per plant increased the production of fruits, when compared to the training method with two stems per plant.

Produtividade de tomate sob adubação orgânica e complementação com adubos minerais

The influence of fertilization with poultry litter associated or not with mineral fertilization was studied on tomato yield and its components. Two experiments were carried out under field conditions in Epagri - Experimental Station of Cacador, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, during the 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons in no-tillage system of randomized blocks design, in factorial 4x2, with four rates of poultry litter (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1, at season 2006/07, and 0, 6, 12 and 18 t ha-1, at season 2007/08), and the complementation or not of mineral fertilization. The mineral fertilization treatments were done in order to achieve the recommended amounts for each area. The total, marketable, extra AA and extra A fruits yield, the average mass of marketable, extra AA and extra A fruits, and the nutrient content in the leaf diagnoses were evaluated. The application of the organic manure alone was not sufficient to obtain the highest yield of fruits. The amount of organic fertilizer to achieve maximum marketable fruit yield (86.9 t ha-1) was estimated to 16.2 t ha-1. The higher marketable yields (100.1 t ha-1) were obtained with the application of mineral fertilizer only or with all doses of organic manure supplemented with mineral fertilizer.

Espaçamento entre plantas e cachos por haste no tutoramento vertical do tomateiro

The effects of plant spacing and number of bunches per stem of tomato plants vertically conducted with polypropylene cord were evaluated on fruit yield and quality. Experiments were carried out during the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 growing seasons, at Epagri-Cacador Experimental Station, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of three plant spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm), four topping heights (no topping, and topped at 5th, 7th and 9th bunch per stem) and the cultivars Debora Max and Nemo Netta in 2006/2007 and the cultivar Takii 92 in 2007/2008. Total, marketable and unmarketable yield, marketable mean weight, and the percentage of marketable and unmarketable fruits were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between cultivars, topping heights and plant spacing. Reduction in row plant spacing from 60 to 45 cm increased the marketable tomatoes from 15.2 to 17.2%, without affecting the fruit quality. The number of bunches per stem did not affect marketable yield.

Efeito de substratos porosos no enraizamento in vitro do porta-enxerto de macieira M-9 (Malus pumilla)

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de substratos no enraizamento in vitro do porta-enxerto de macieira M-9. Foram testados tres substratos: agar, vermiculita (no 2, granulometria media) e cinza vegetal, como suporte fisico no enraizamento das miniestacas. Para os tratamento com vermiculita e cinza vegetal, meio nutritivo MS, reduzido a metade da concentracao, foi adicionado em frascos de vidro de 250 mL contendo 15 g dos respectivos substratos. Brotacoes de 2,5 a 3,0 cm de comprimento, com dois pares de folhas, foram transferidas para os frascos, os quais foram mantidos durante 35 dias em sala de crescimento com temperatura de 25 ±1,5oC, fotoperiodo de 16 horas e intensidade luminosa de 75 µmol.m-2.s-1. As maiores percentagens de enraizamento (88,4 e 87,9%) foram observadas nos tratamentos com vermiculita e cinza vegetal, respectivamente. Apos a avaliacao do enraizamento, as plantas foram transferidas para bandejas de isopor alveoladas com 128 celulas e mantidas por 40 dias em casa de vegetacao. A maior taxa de sobrevivencia de plantas aclimatizadas (93,5%) foi obtida com as miniestacas produzidas em meio contendo vermiculita.

Teor de proteínas nos grãos em resposta à aplicação de nitrogênio em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da cevada

This study was was aimed at evaluating the protein content in barley seeds affected by nitrogen application in different growth stages. Experiments were carried out in Eldorado do Sul and Encruzilhada do Sul, in 2000, and Victor Graeff, in 2000 and 2001, on a randomized blocks scheme with four repetitions. The growth stages of N application were in emergency of seedlings; emission of 2nd or 3rd leaf; 4th or 5th leaf; 6th or 7th leaf; 8th or 9th leaf; and in boot stage. The N rates were 30 or 40kg ha-1 and 60 or 80kg ha-1, for smallest and largest N rate, respectively. The protein content in barley seeds and the number of grains area-1 were determined. In the experiments carried out in 2000 the nitrogen application until the beginning of the internodes elongation maintained the seeds protein content below of 12%, inclusive in the largest N rate. The seeds protein content in Victor Graeff, 2001, surpassed the maximum limit of 12% with N applications in initial growth stages, decurrently of the higher soil organic matter content in relation to others experiments.

Incremento da sobrevivência de colmos em cevada através da adubação nitrogenada no período de alongamento dos colmos

This study was aimed at evaluating the dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation in aerial part of barley plants and the shoot survival rate in function of time of N supply. An experiment was carried out in Eldorado do Sul, RS, in 2000, where six times of N supply (seedling emergence; 3rd leaf; 5th leaf; 7th leaf; 9th leaf emergence and boot stage) and two N rates (40 and 80kg ha-1) were tested. The DM and N accumulation among the shoot elongation begin and the bloom stage and the shoot survival rate were determined. The N supply among seedling emergence and 9th leaf emergence stage resulted the largest DM rates accumulations. However, the largest N rates accumulations were observed in shoot elongation period. The largest shoot survival rates were also observed in this period, showing the relation among the N necessity to support the shoot elongation process and the shoot mortality.

Densidade e arranjo de plantas para pulverização mecanizada do tomateiro tutorado verticalmente

O manejo correto de plantas no sistema de pulverizacao mecanizada do tomateiro e um aspecto que necessita de estudos, visando melhorar o controle de doencas e insetos-praga, bem como proporcionar alta produtividade e qualidade de frutos e retorno economico ao produtor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a melhor densidade e arranjo de plantas para a pulverizacao mecanizada do tomateiro tutorado verticalmente. Dois experimentos foram realizados nas safras 2013/14 e 2014/15 em Calmon, SC. Os tratamentos, na safra 2013/14, consistiram de um fatorial 4 x 2, combinando quatro densidades de plantas (10.753, 12.903, 16.129 e 21.505 plantas ha -1 ) e dois arranjos de plantas tutoradas verticalmente (fila simples e fila dupla). Na safra 2014/15, os tratamentos consistiram de um fatorial 5 x 2, representado pela combinacao de cinco densidades de plantas (10.753, 12.903, 16.129, 21.505 e 32.258 plantas ha -1 ) e de dois arranjos de plantas tutoradas verticalmente (fila simples e fila dupla). Avaliou-se a produtividade total, comercial (extra AA e extra A) e descarte, a massa media de frutos comerciais (extra AA e extra A), a severidade de doencas foliares e procedeu-se a analise economica dos tratamentos. O arranjo de plantas em fila dupla, para a pulverizacao mecanizada do tomateiro, proporciona maior produtividade de frutos comerciais e com maior porcentagem de frutos de melhor classificacao, em comparacao ao arranjo de plantas em fila simples. A maxima produtividade de tomates pode ser obtida na densidade de aproximadamente 34.000 plantas ha -1 , embora a densidade em que se obtem o maior retorno economico e estimado em 23.000 plantas ha -1 . Maior severidade de mancha bacteriana e septoriose sao observadas no arranjo de plantas em fila dupla, em relacao ao arranjo de plantas em fila simples. O aumento da densidade de plantas aumenta a severidade de mancha bacteriana e de pinta preta.