Anderson Ramos de Oliveira

Palha de cana-de-açúcar associada ao herbicida trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryn no controle de Rottboellia exaltata

SUGARCANE STRAW COMBINED WITH TRIFLOXYSULFURON SODIUM + AMETRYN FOR ROTTBOELLIA EXALTATA CONTROL The objective of this work was to evaluate the sugarcane straw potential and the association between the straw and the commercial mix of the trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryn to control itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata L.). The experiment was developed in the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from September to November 2004. It was carried out in randomized blocks, with the treatments arranged in a factorial scheme: five layers of straw (0; 4; 8; 12 e 16 t ha -1 ) and five doses of trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryn (0,0; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 kg ha -1 ), with four replications. The herbicide was applied in post-emergence, when weeds (R. exaltata) height was between 5 and 10 cm. Number of weeds was evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after herbicide application. The herbicide concentration that inhibits 50% of the weed emergency (I50) was determined. In the sixty day, the itchgrass plants were collected and dry biomass was determined. The interaction between straw quantity and doses of trifloxysulfu ron sodium + ametryn was significant. Straw layer of 16 tha -1 without herbicide addition was efficient to control R. exaltata and the herbicide trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryn at 2,5 kg ha -1 used alone was efficient to control this weed. Straw levels between 8 and 12 t ha -1 intercepted the herbicide and consequently, increased the I50 value. In other words, the concentration of the herbicide to inhibit 50% of the weeds growth was greater when there were 8 and 12 t ha -1 than when there was 4 t ha -1 of straw.

Produção e distribuição de biomassa de espécies arbóreas no semi-árido brasileiro

The objective of the study was to quantify the production and biomass distribution of some potential arboreal species of multiple uses, under dry land conditions, in the Brazilian Semi-arid. The study was developed in the Experimental Station of Caatinga, of Embrapa Semi-Arido, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Plant height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of 16 central trees of each plot, from three replicates, were measured. The following species were studied: Leucaena diversifolia, Caesalpinia velutina, Caesalpinia coriaria, Mimosa tenuiflora and Ateleia herbert-smithii. Biomass was estimated based on the medium height tree in each plot, evaluating each component separately: leaf, bark, branch, root and log, except for A. herbert-smithii that produced more leaf than bark. Total biomass production was superior for C. velutina (51.6 kg ha-1), followed by L. diversifolia (36.6 kg ha-1), A. herbert-smithii (26.4 kg ha-1), Caesalpinia coriaria (23.0 kg ha-1) and Mimosa tenuiflora (21.6 kg ha-1 However, leaf dry matter, the main potential component of forage species, was higher for C. velutina y A. herbert-smithii (2.8 kg ha-1) and C. coriaria (2.2 kg ha-1), L. diversifolia (2.0 kg ha-1) and M. tenuiflora (1.3 kg ha-1) representing, respectively, 7.2, 10.7, 9.5, 5.3 and 6.3% of total biomass. C. velutina stands out as the most productive, as well as wood (log = 30.8 t ha-1) as forage (leaves = 3.7 t ha-1), while M. tenuiflora showed the lowest forage potential.

Valor nutritivo de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar sob irrigação

The objective of this present trial was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of sugarcane cultivars receiving different levels of irrigation water. It were evaluated the cultivars RB 96-1003, RB 94-3206, RB 72454, RB 01-2018, VAT 90-212, RB 01-2046 and RB 92-579 that received irrigation water of 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% based on real evapotranspiration of sugarcane (ETc) in a completely randomized blocks experimental design and factorial arrangement. Each experimental unit was constituted by cultivation in double lines and the irrigation system was subsurface drip irrigation with compensating emitters. Twelve months after planting, the sugarcanes were cut to determine levels of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) and IVDMD. The cultivars RB 943206 and RB 01-2018 were positively highlighted in relation to CP levels, although RB 961003 had highlighted for IVDMD. Using irrigation of 100% of ETc were obtained higher DM and lower IVDMD values in comparison with others.

Behavior vegetative and technological characteristics sugarcane cultivars under water stress in semi-arid conditions of Brazil

The water tends to become a natural resource increasingly scarce in temperature rise scenarios, especially in semi-arid regions. Therefore, the cultivation of sugarcane, seek to alternatives and techniques that optimize water efficiency. The objective of this study was to analyze the biometric features and the technological quality of seven cultivars of sugarcane: RB 96-1003; RB 94-3206; RB 72-454; RB 01-2018; VAT 90-212; RB 01-2046 and RB 92-579 submitted to four blades of fluid replacement: 40, 60, 80 and 100%, based on crop evapotranspiration. The evaluations were performed in sugarcane ratoon cycle of second sheet, irrigated by subsurface drip and consisted of analysis of height, stem diameter, number of internodes, number of tillers, °Brix, percentage of raw sugar, purity, fiber and reducing sugars. It was found that the maximum height can be achieved with lower water replacement blades; the stem diameter and the number of internodes are more characteristics related to the genetic component of the plant variety and the number of tillers is little influenced by the fluid replacement blades. It was found that sugarcane cultivars have technological characteristics of the broth that meet established standards, except that the fiber had a higher value than recommended. Biometric and technological characteristics of the juice can help in recommending more tolerant cultivars to water stress and thus more potential production scenarios temperature increases and water savings.

Eficiência de trifloxysulfuron-sodium no controle de Cyperus rotundus L. na cultura da cana-de-açúcar

Control of Cyperus rotundus L. with trifloxysulfuron-sodium in sugar-cane The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of trifloxysulfuron-sodium used alone, mixed or in sequential application with other herbicides to control Cyperus rotundus L. in sugar cane. The study was conducted in an area of commercial production of variety RB 72-454 at “Paraiso Plant” and a greenhouse at the State University “Darcy Ribeiro”, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The field plots were subjected to nine treatments: 2,4-D; trifloxysulfuronsodium + ametryn; trifloxysulturon-sodium, 2,4-D + 2,4-D (20 days after the first application - DAP) 2, 4-D + ametryn trifloxysulfuron-sodium (20 DAP), 2,4-D + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (20 DAP); halosulfuron (20 DAP), control with and without hand weeding. The greenhouse trial evaluated the viability of purple nutsedge bulbs as a function of the treatments used in the experiment carried out in the field. The results indicated that the trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied alone or mixed with ametryn in sequential application to 2,4-D was excellent in controlling C. rotundus. These herbicides, along with halosulfuron applied alone reduced the capacity for reinfestation of this specie by reducing propagation and growth.

MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION

The high luminosity rates and high annual average temperatures of the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with the use of irrigation and adaptability of the sunflower crop to local climate, favor increased achene yield due to acceleration of morphophysiological processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of sunflower varieties grown under drip irrigation in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with 21 sunflower varieties and four replications. The variables evaluated were flowering time, plant height, number of live leaves, stem and capitulum diameter, number of lodged and broken plants, stem curvature, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, average leaf temperature, 1000-achene weight and achene yield of the sunflower varieties. The treatments presented flowering time of 43 to 59 days after sowing, plant height of 1.0 to 1.4 m, capitulum diameter of 0.154 to 0.221 m, chlorophyll content of 30.8 to 33.98 Spad units and 1000-achene weight of 35.61 to 80.30 g. The sunflower varieties V7 and V8 stood out, with achene yields above 2,960 kg ha and low number of lodged and broken plants, indicating a greater adaptability irrigation crops in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley.

APLICAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS VIA SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO PARA FIXAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DE NITROGÊNIO NA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

O ambiente dentro dos galpoes avicolas e um dos fatores primordiais para se conseguir bons indices zootecnicos e retornos financeiros. Assim, objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o ambiente termico no interior do galpao de aves poedeiras em diferentes estacoes do ano na tentativa de proporcionar uma melhor relacao ao bem-estar das aves. O estudo foi realizado no setor de avicultura, no galpao de aves poedeiras na UNESP campus de Dracena/SP. Foram distribuidos e aferidos em doze pontos equidistantes as principais variaveis bioclimaticas, como temperatura de globo negro, Temperatura do ar, temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo umido, temperatura de superficie de telhado, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento, nas diferentes transicao entre as estacoes do inverno e primavera, primavera e verao e verao e outono , com o intuito de obter qual e a melhor estacao do ano em que as aves conseguem obter um melhor conforto termico dentro das instalacoes avicolas. As medias das variaveis bioclimaticas foram comparadas utilizando o teste estatistico Tukey (95%) atraves do software Statigrafics Centurion , onde utilizou-se o software de superficie SURFER para o mapeamento do aviario. Os resultados indicaram que a transicao entre inverno e primavera apresentou melhores valores com relacao a conforto termico dentro do galpao, possibilitando neste periodo um melhor bem-estar das aves e consequentemente melhor desempenho e retorno finaceiro.Os custos dos fertilizantes nitrogenados representam uma limitacao ao cultivo da cultura da cana-de-acucar, sendo uma das alternativas a utilizacao de bacterias fixadoras de nitrogenio. Entretanto, diante da competitividade do mercado, estudos ainda sao necessarios para determinacao da forma mais viavel para o fornecimento das bacterias. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicacao de bacterias fixadoras de nitrogenio, via agua de irrigacao, no desenvolvimento da cana-de-acucar. O experimento foi realizado na casa de vegetacao da Embrapa Semiarido, em Petrolina-PE, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, onde se avaliou o comportamento das variedades de cana RB92579 e VAT90212 em duas epocas de aplicacao: 10 e 20 dias apos emergencia e em tres concentracoes de solucao inoculante de bacterias: 10 6 , 10 7 e 10 8 celulas mL -1 , aplicadas via sistema de irrigacao. A cultivar RB92579 apresentou um desenvolvimento melhor que a cultivar VAT90212. A epoca mais adequada de aplicacao das bacterias diazotroficas via sistema de irrigacao e aos 10 dias apos a emergencia das plantas, em cana planta. A concentracao de 10 6 celulas mL -1 proporciona maior biomassa fresca e seca de colmo, sendo esta concentracao a mais indicada para se proceder a inoculacao.O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar as diferencas fisico-quimicas e identificar a preferencia de consumo entre suco, nectar e refresco de maca produzidos a partir das variedades Fuji e Gala. Macas das variedades Fuji e Gala foram processadas para a producao do suco integral. O teor de solidos soluveis do suco integral foi mensurado em refratometro de bancada e padronizado para 12° Brix. O suco resultante foi denominado “suco padronizado”. Apos a producao do suco padronizado, foi preparada uma solucao acucarada a 12 °Brix. Combinando diferentes proporcoes de suco padronizado e solucao acucarada, foram fabricados nectares (50 % e 33 % de suco de maca – m/m) e refrescos (25 % de suco de maca – m/m). As bebidas foram analisadas em triplicata para solidos soluveis, pH, acidez total, acucares redutores e acucares redutores totais. A analise sensorial foi realizada por provadores nao treinados para os atributos sensoriais de aparencia, aroma, sabor e avaliacao global, usando o metodo afetivo de escala hedonica estruturada de nove pontos. Dentro das condicoes experimentais desse trabalho foi observado que as variedades Fuji e Gala interferem nas caracteristicas fisico-quimicas dos sucos, nectares e refrescos de macas. Porem, essas variedades nao interferem na preferencia dos provadores pelos sucos, nectares e refresco de maca. Para o aproveitamento (do descarte) de macas das variedades Fuji e Gala, recomenda-se a producao de nectares.

PRODUÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA BIOMASSA DE Jatropha curcas NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO

In order to assess production and distribution of biomass shoots of different genotypes of Jatropha curcas under irrigation in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, an experiment was established in Gabriela Farm, in the municipality of Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE. The experimental design was randomized blocks with ten treatments (genotypes of Jatropha curcas), and three replications in row plots of six plants, with a single border and spacing of 3.0 x 2.0 m. Plants were fertilized with 150 g of NPK (06:24:12) at planting time, and a topdressing with 150 g.planta-1 NPK (10:10:10) applied at six and twelve months of age. The plants were irrigated weekly using a dripping system with an average water application of 20 l.plant-1 during the dry period of the region. At 24 months of age, the overall height of the plants, the average diameter of bifurcations at 1.30m from the soil level and the number of bifurcations at 0.5 m of height were evaluated. Twenty six fruit/ seed harvests were done weekly. Fruits were harvested ripe, before falling on the ground, for seven months. To determine dry biomass, the plants were cut at 0.30 m from soil level. The genotypes showed high agronomic uniformity, except for the variable number of bifurcations, where the genotype 1701 was superior to the genotypes 1501, 1602, 1703 and 1601. Biomass production of genotypes in irrigated conditions in the semiarid region is high and the distribution of biomass followed the decreasing order: root>fruit>thick branches>leaves>bark>thin branches.