Visêldo Ribeiro de Oliveira

Desempenho agronômico de genótipos de pinhão manso no Semiárido pernambucano

This research aimed to evaluate the silvicultural behavior and the yield of different genotypes of physic nut under irrigated conditions in the Semi-arid zone of Pernambuco State. An experiment was carried out at Gabriela Farm, located in the municipality of Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with ten treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of ten genotypes obtained from a previous selection of the most productive plants of a physic nut collection located in the municipality of Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Plant spacing was 3.0m x 2.0m. Each plant was fertilized with 150g of NPK (formula 06:24:12) at sowing time. The plants were weekly watered by dripping irrigation system. The data at three months after planting were submitted to statistical analysis and the means compared by the test of Duncan at the level of 5% of probability. Genotypes showed good silvicultural behavior at three months age. Although there was not significant difference among genotypes for plant survival (100%), plant height (1.3m) and number of inflorescences per plant (12), it was observed significant difference for number of bifurcations that varied from 3.6 to 5.3 bifurcations per plant. At twelve month evaluation, genotype 2304 was superior to the other genotypes in plant height (2.7m), steam diameter (6.3cm), number of fruit per plant (1,211) and seed production (3,542kg ha-1). It is recommended 2304 genotype for plant breeding research, which can improve seed productivity of J. curcas species.

Variabilidade genética de procedências e progênies de umbuzeiro via metodologia de modelos lineares mistos (REML/BLUP)

The umbu tree, a native species from the Brazilian semi-arid, is one of the most important genetic resources for fruit production in the region. In the improvement of perennial plant species, the use of the mixed model methodology trough the REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction) procedure is an essential feature for selecting individuals based on their predicted genetic additive and genotypic values, at the intra and inter population levels. This procedure is being successfully applied to breeding of several fruit and forest tree species in Brazil. This paper aimed to study the genetic variability, estimating genetic parameters and predicting individual breeding values in the umbu tree, through the REML/BLUP procedure applied in the evaluation of populations and progenies. The trial was set out in a randomized complete block design with 42 progenies arranged as a unbalanced hierarchy within 3 populations. The traits plant height (ALP), biggest canopy diameter (MAC), smallest canopy diameter (MEC), base diameter (DIC) and number of primary branches (NRP) were evaluated. These traits are related to fruit production. The results showed that the greatest part of the genetic variability is concentrated within populations. The heritability coefficients were of the order of 0.08 and 0.14 for the traits MEC and MAC, respectively. Genetic gain estimates with selection of the best ten parents were in the order of 6% and 9% for MEC and MAC, respectively.

Diversity and genetic struture in cajá tree (spondias mombin l.) populations in northeastern Brazil

Spondias mombin L. is a fruit tree from the American continent from the Anacardiaceae family. In Brazil it is common in different vegetation types but is more frequent in the Atlantic and Amazonian rainforests. It is economically important because of its fruits, which are widely consumed raw or processed as fruit jellies, juices and ice creams. The leaves have great importance in the pharmaceutical industry because of their antibacterial properties. In the state of Pernambuco, caja tree is widely distributed in the Zona da Mata region and less frequently in the Agreste and Sertao areas. In this work diversity and genetic structure were studied in four populations of caja tree from Pernambucos Zona da Mata, Northeast Brazil, using isozymes polymorphism analyses from electrophoreses. The result showed 100% of polymorphism (P) for nine alleles and the average of alleles per locus s was 2.4. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.530 to 0.574 and the observed heterozygosity , from 0.572 to 0.735. It was not observed inbreeding and the average FIT was -0.175, whereas within population inbreeding (f) varied from -0.08 to- 0.37. The genetic divergence among the populations (FST) ranged from 0.006 to 0.028 and the average was 0.026. The average of estimated gene flow (Nm) was high (5.27). The CG-IPA population, corresponding to the germplasm collection of IPA, showed more than 96% of genetic similarity with other populations; therefore, it is a good representative of the existent genetic diversity in the Zona da Mata region.

Inter-relações genéticas entre espécies do gênero Spondias com base em marcadores AFLP

The goal of this study was to build a phenogram with thirty individuals of six Spondias species, sampled in three different locations, based on 120 AFLP markers of EcoR1/Mse1 primers combinations in order to clarify the inter-relationship among these species, to subside the establishment of economic grown of these species and to support genomic studies of these species. The UPGMA phenogram of Jaccard coefficient was supported by a cophenetic value of 0.925 and the outside location of the two outgroups species Mangifera indica and Schinopsis brasiliensis, from the Anacardiaceae family. All individuals of S. cytherea, S. tuberosa and S. purpurea were closely grouped independently of the sampling location, while four out six individuals of Spondias sp (umbu-caja) and S. mombin were hold together and two other were placed outside of the groups. The two individuals of Spondias sp (umbuguela) were not closely positioned in the phenogram. The phenogram position of umbu-caja and umbuguela, between S. tuberosa and S. mombin, and the percentage of similarities among 50 and 60% suggested that umbu-caja and umbuguela could be hybrids of these two species. The produced phenogram suggested that S. cytherea was the most divergent Spondias species.

Produção e distribuição de biomassa de espécies arbóreas no semi-árido brasileiro

The objective of the study was to quantify the production and biomass distribution of some potential arboreal species of multiple uses, under dry land conditions, in the Brazilian Semi-arid. The study was developed in the Experimental Station of Caatinga, of Embrapa Semi-Arido, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Plant height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of 16 central trees of each plot, from three replicates, were measured. The following species were studied: Leucaena diversifolia, Caesalpinia velutina, Caesalpinia coriaria, Mimosa tenuiflora and Ateleia herbert-smithii. Biomass was estimated based on the medium height tree in each plot, evaluating each component separately: leaf, bark, branch, root and log, except for A. herbert-smithii that produced more leaf than bark. Total biomass production was superior for C. velutina (51.6 kg ha-1), followed by L. diversifolia (36.6 kg ha-1), A. herbert-smithii (26.4 kg ha-1), Caesalpinia coriaria (23.0 kg ha-1) and Mimosa tenuiflora (21.6 kg ha-1 However, leaf dry matter, the main potential component of forage species, was higher for C. velutina y A. herbert-smithii (2.8 kg ha-1) and C. coriaria (2.2 kg ha-1), L. diversifolia (2.0 kg ha-1) and M. tenuiflora (1.3 kg ha-1) representing, respectively, 7.2, 10.7, 9.5, 5.3 and 6.3% of total biomass. C. velutina stands out as the most productive, as well as wood (log = 30.8 t ha-1) as forage (leaves = 3.7 t ha-1), while M. tenuiflora showed the lowest forage potential.

Antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Sm., Fabaceae, in rodents

The ethanolic extract of the trunk bark of Amburana cearensis (EEA) was examined for its oral (p.o.) analgesic activity at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the EEA (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the number of writhing by 33.4% and 40.7%, respectively. Additionally, EEA (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased by 77.5%, 79.7 and 91.3%, respectively, the paw liking time in the second phase of the formalin test. Therefore, EEA showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect in formalin test and was effective in reducing writhing in mice.

Introdução e seleção de espécies arbóreas forrageiras exóticas na região semi-árida do Estado de Sergipe

The objective of this work was the selection of arboreal species for multiple use in the semi-arid area of the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Fifteen species from the semi-arid area of Central America were introduced in the region: Acacia farnesiana, Albizia caribaea, Albizia guachepele, Ateleia herbert-smithii, Caesalpinia coriaria, Caesalpinia eryostachys, Caesalpinia velutina, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena diversifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena shannoni, Parkinsonia aculeata, Pithecellobium dulce and Senna otomaria. The species were planted in the Experimental Field of Gloria, Embrapa Semi-Arido, in Nossa Senhora da Gloria, Sergipe State, in holes of 30cmx30cm, without fertilization, 3.0mx2.0m apart in a randomized block design with three replications and 36 plants per plot. They were evaluated for survival, height, diameter at the height of 1.30m from the soil surface, 55 months after planting. G. sepium and A. guachepelle showed higher growth than the other species, with mean heights (± standard deviation), of 4.0±0.4 and 4.3±0.2m respectively, and mean diameters (± standard deviation) of 4.4±0.5 and 6.3±0.1cm, and survival rates of 100 and 98%. Although L. leucocephala showed excellent growth in height (5.0±0.3m) and in diameter (6.0±1.5cm), its survival rate was 44%. L. diversifolia and A. farnesiana have shown 100% mortality in the studied plots. Gliricidia sepium and Albizia guachepele were outstanding, with great potentiality for the semi-arid areas in the State of Sergipe. Acacia farnesiana, Leucaena diversifolia and Senna otomaria did not show a good performance in the semi-arid conditions of the region.

Estimativas de polinização cruzada em população de Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) usando marcador AFLP

Umbu tree is one of the most important species in the Brazilian semi-arid region due to its ability to produce fruit in water stress environments. The objective of this work was to estimate outcrossing rates in the S. tuberosa (), by considering the observed and expected frequency of heterozygous in the mother and descent population (M1), respectively, and the estimate of multilocus (M2), to direct programs of conservation and genetic improvement of the species. Samples of DNA extracted from a maternal population with 96 plants established in 1991, at Petrolina, PE, as well as the DNA from one descent from each maternal plant were analyzed for the 16 polymorphic AFLP bands obtained from AAA_CTG and AAA_CTC primer combinations. In M1, it was considered the frequency of heterozygote estimated by the square root of 1 minus the AFLP fragment absence frequency, for the maternal population (observed frequency) and also for the descent population (expected frequency), whereas in the M2, the estimate was obtained by the multilocus estimate (m). The estimates of M1 ranged from 1.74 to 0.50, with mean value of 1.063. Because values of above 1.0 are biologically inadequate, it was demonstrated that M1 was not appropriate to estimate . Frequencies of pollen and ovule for 15 AFLP loci were the same, suggesting good adjustment to the mixed mating model in M2. The rate obtained by M2 was 0.719, which was close to previous estimates with isoenzymes obtained in other umbu tree populations. Results point that umbu tree is predominantly an outcrossing species and there is the need for broad samples in order to preserve the genetic variability of this species.

Umbu—Spondias tuberosa

Abstract The umbu tree ( Spondias tuberosa Arruda) is a native and endemic fruit tree species of the Brazilian semiarid region, having tuberous roots, xerophilia and characterized by leaf shedding. The extractive harvest of the fruits has a great social and economic importance in this Brazilian region. The picking of the umbu fruit is an additional income for rural families, during the period of harvest. However, the season is restricted to a few months. In addition, the genetic variability of the species, the perishability of the fruit, and the lack of knowledge and techniques that favor the production and a more rational postharvest conservation are challenges to surpass. This chapter emphasizes these aspects and includes themes such as estimated annual production, fruit physiology and biochemistry, chemical composition and nutritional value, sensory characteristics, harvest and postharvest conservation, and industrial application or potential industrial application. The combination of sugars, acidity, and phenolic compounds in the pulp produce an exotic flavor in the umbu fruit. The acid-sweet taste is the main appeal for the fruit intake. However compounds with nutritional importance, like vitamin C, carotenoids, and some minerals, even phenolic nutrients, can boost its greater inclusion in the diet. Finally, besides the fresh fruit consumption, several products from the umbu fruit are sold, reaching other Brazilian regions and niche markets in Europe.