André Rossi de Oliveira

Regulation during the Lula Government

More so than most other areas of economic activity, infrastructure sectors tend to exhibit large sunk investments, specific assets, economies of scale, and involve politically sensitive goods and service, often produced by foreign companies (Levy and Spiller 1996, Savedoff and Spiller 1999). These characteristics make the industries in these sectors particularly prone to governmental opportunism, so that investment will only materialize in an effective manner if investors can be convinced that there are reliable safeguards against governmental expropriation.

Transnational Terrorism: Externalities and Coalition Formation

We investigate how externalities and cooperation affect nations’ efforts to counter transnational terrorism activities. Our model captures three factors whose interplay determines counterterrorism (CT) efforts and terrorist activity: the size of the spillover effect, the degree of internalization of the externality, and whether nations’ CT efforts have an asymmetric or symmetric effect on the security of other nations. In our symmetric model, preemptive CT efforts and terrorist activities decrease with the size of the externality regardless of the degree of cooperation between nations. In our asymmetric model, as the externality of the “smaller” nation increases, the “larger” nations reduce their efforts, and the smaller nation reacts by increasing its own efforts. We also investigate coalition stability and show that (a) in the preemptive case, the full coalition is not stable and partial coalitions are stable for sufficiently small externalities; and (b) in the defensive, symmetric case, only the full coalition is stable.

Promoting competition in the port sector: an analysis from the global models and application to the Brazilian case

Paulo Augusto P. de Britto Universidade de Brasília Vander Mendes Lucas Universidade de Brasília Paulo César Coutinho Universidade de Brasília Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Universidade de Brasília André Luís Rossi de Oliveira Utah Valley University Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa Universidade de Brasília Pedro Henrique Melo Albuquerque Universidade de Brasília Adelaida Pallavicini Fonseca Universidade de BrasíliaThe growth in demand for services in the infrastructure sectors, coupled with the lack of public investment, led to policies to promote private participation in those sectors. In the port sector, the private participation started in the early 90s, when the growth of international trade resulted from increasing globalization has highlighted the generalized inefficiency of this sector. This article aims to discuss the private participation in the port sector from the analysis of ways of organization, as well as the evolution of this sector in different countries, analyzing the possible competition models associated to different ownership structures in the areas of the port. The article also presents the evolution and the current organization of the Brazilian port model. Throughout the discussion, examples of ports are presented to illustrate the discussed concepts.

Promoción de la competencia en el sector portuario: un análisis de los modelos globales y aplicación al caso de Brasil

Paulo Augusto P. de Britto Universidade de Brasília Vander Mendes Lucas Universidade de Brasília Paulo César Coutinho Universidade de Brasília Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Universidade de Brasília André Luís Rossi de Oliveira Utah Valley University Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa Universidade de Brasília Pedro Henrique Melo Albuquerque Universidade de Brasília Adelaida Pallavicini Fonseca Universidade de BrasíliaThe growth in demand for services in the infrastructure sectors, coupled with the lack of public investment, led to policies to promote private participation in those sectors. In the port sector, the private participation started in the early 90s, when the growth of international trade resulted from increasing globalization has highlighted the generalized inefficiency of this sector. This article aims to discuss the private participation in the port sector from the analysis of ways of organization, as well as the evolution of this sector in different countries, analyzing the possible competition models associated to different ownership structures in the areas of the port. The article also presents the evolution and the current organization of the Brazilian port model. Throughout the discussion, examples of ports are presented to illustrate the discussed concepts.

Economic Sector Choices of Mexican Migrants to the USA: Evidence from the 2011 EMIF Border Survey

Abstract This paper investigates the economic sector choices of Mexican labor migrants who intended to cross the US border in 2011 using data from the EMIF Norte Border Survey. We identify migrants according to prior work experience and intended sector of work in an effort to determine what demographic and socioeconomic characteristics explain economic sector mobility. We begin by estimating a probit model with sample selection to identify migrant characteristics that explain differences between industry of employment at place of origin and the intended sector of work at their destination. We find that sector mobility is significantly more likely for migrants who are documented and those with higher educational attainment, specifically, spoken English skills. The probability that prior and intended sectors of work coincide is significantly higher for migrants who are male, married, from large households, have family in the USA and earned a higher wage prior to migration. We also estimate a multinomial probit of the choice of sector and find that work sector prior to migration is more likely to match intended sector in the agriculture, construction, transportation and trade industries and significantly less likely to match in the services sector relative to other occupational categories.

Economic Sector Choices of Mexican Migrants to the U.S.

This paper uses a random utility model to investigate the economic sector choices of Mexican labor migrants who intended to cross the U.S. border in 2011. We use individual-level data from the 2011 EMIF Norte Border Survey to identify migrants according to prior work experience and intended sector of work in an effort to determine what demographic and socioeconomic characteristics explain economic sector mobility. Our empirical analysis focuses on two separate but related questions. First, we estimate a probit model with sample selection to identify migrant characteristics that explain differences between industry of employment at place of origin and the intended sector of work at their destination. Second, we estimate a multinomial probit of the choice of sector to further explore migrant characteristics that explain occupational selection. Our results show that sector mobility is significantly more likely for migrants who are documented and those with higher educational attainment, specifically, spoken English skills. At the same time, the probability that sector of work coincides with intended sector of work in the US is significantly higher for migrants who are male, married, traveling in larger groups, have family in the US and earned a higher wage prior to migration. The results from our multinomial analysis further clarify these patterns. We find that work sector prior to migration is more likely to match intended sector in the agriculture, construction, transportation and trade industries and significantly less likely to match in the services sector relative to other occupational categories.

Conflict, Distribution and Population Growth

This paper studies an optimal foraging model where distributive conflicts among foragers emerge from population growth. It investigates distributive rules set to resolve the conflicts. Efficient distributive rules are the ones associated with the most efficient productive decisions. Unequal societies, where the ruling class or King maximizes the surplus, engender the choice of more efficient productive combinations and to a smaller population relative to egalitarian societies.This paper studies an optimal foraging model where distributive conflicts among foragers emerge from population growth. It investigates distributive rules set to resolve the conflicts. Efficient distributive rules are the ones associated with the most efficient productive decisions. Unequal societies, where the ruling class or King maximizes the surplus, engender the choice of more efficient productive combinations and to a smaller population relative to egalitarian societies.