Paulo César Coutinho

The duopoly policy in the Brazilian model of telecommunications reform

Uma das caracteristicas mais importantes do Modelo Brasileiro de Reforma das Telecomunicacoes foi a adocao de uma politica de duopolio, restringindo a entrada de novas empresas no segmento de telefonia fixa durante a fase de transicao ate a livre concorrencia a ser adotada a partir de 2002. Essa politica foi tambem utilizada na experiencia de reforma das telecomunicacoes ocorrida no Reino Unido na decada de 80. As explicacoes teoricas para justificar a adocao deste tipo de politica nao sao satisfatorias o suficiente para justificar a politica de duopolio como prescricao de politica nas telecomunicacoes. A ideia mais plausivel se baseia no papel proeminente conferido as receitas de privatizacao no desenho da reforma como forma de auxiliar os esforcos de consolidacao da estabilizacao de precos no Pais. Introduzimos um modelo que apresenta os trade-offs entre concorrencia, duplicacao de custos fixos e receitas de privatizacao. A despeito da importância dos custos fixos na funcao objetivo do regulador, mostramos que a meta de aumentar as receitas esperadas de privatizacao e o aspecto que acaba por justificar a imposicao das restricoes de entrada. A experiencia britânica mostra que o sacrificio deste tipo de politica no que tange a eficiencia no longo prazo pode ser substantiva.

Promoting competition in the port sector: an analysis from the global models and application to the Brazilian case

Paulo Augusto P. de Britto Universidade de Brasília Vander Mendes Lucas Universidade de Brasília Paulo César Coutinho Universidade de Brasília Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Universidade de Brasília André Luís Rossi de Oliveira Utah Valley University Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa Universidade de Brasília Pedro Henrique Melo Albuquerque Universidade de Brasília Adelaida Pallavicini Fonseca Universidade de BrasíliaThe growth in demand for services in the infrastructure sectors, coupled with the lack of public investment, led to policies to promote private participation in those sectors. In the port sector, the private participation started in the early 90s, when the growth of international trade resulted from increasing globalization has highlighted the generalized inefficiency of this sector. This article aims to discuss the private participation in the port sector from the analysis of ways of organization, as well as the evolution of this sector in different countries, analyzing the possible competition models associated to different ownership structures in the areas of the port. The article also presents the evolution and the current organization of the Brazilian port model. Throughout the discussion, examples of ports are presented to illustrate the discussed concepts.

Promoción de la competencia en el sector portuario: un análisis de los modelos globales y aplicación al caso de Brasil

Paulo Augusto P. de Britto Universidade de Brasília Vander Mendes Lucas Universidade de Brasília Paulo César Coutinho Universidade de Brasília Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Universidade de Brasília André Luís Rossi de Oliveira Utah Valley University Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa Universidade de Brasília Pedro Henrique Melo Albuquerque Universidade de Brasília Adelaida Pallavicini Fonseca Universidade de BrasíliaThe growth in demand for services in the infrastructure sectors, coupled with the lack of public investment, led to policies to promote private participation in those sectors. In the port sector, the private participation started in the early 90s, when the growth of international trade resulted from increasing globalization has highlighted the generalized inefficiency of this sector. This article aims to discuss the private participation in the port sector from the analysis of ways of organization, as well as the evolution of this sector in different countries, analyzing the possible competition models associated to different ownership structures in the areas of the port. The article also presents the evolution and the current organization of the Brazilian port model. Throughout the discussion, examples of ports are presented to illustrate the discussed concepts.