Andrea Budnick

Interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlung zum Management von Schmerzen bei älteren Menschen in Pflegeheimen

ZusammenfassungDie schmerztherapeutische Versorgung älterer Menschen in vollstationären Pflegeeinrichtungen ist defizitär. Daher werden neueste Erkenntnisse aus Forschung und Praxis mit den in Standards und Leitlinien formulierten Anforderungen im Hinblick auf die Behandlung von Schmerzen bei älteren Menschen in dieser Handlungsempfehlung zusammengefasst. Ziel ist die Optimierung der Versorgungsprozesse und -ergebnisse auf individueller und institutioneller Ebene. Dafür ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit unerlässlich.Die Durchführung eines standardisierten Schmerzassessments ist Voraussetzung für eine adäquate Schmerzbehandlung. Zugleich trägt die Ausschöpfung aller Möglichkeiten nichtmedikamentöser Maßnahmen zur größtmöglichen Reduzierung der Schmerzintensität und somit zum Erhalt der Lebensqualität der Bewohner/innen bei. Im Rahmen der Pharmakotherapie ist zu berücksichtigen, dass altersphysiologische Veränderungen die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Analgetika beeinflussen können. Zudem sind bei Polypharmazie mögliche Interaktionen von Arzneimitteln zu beachten. Edukative Maßnahmen und die Einbeziehung von Angehörigen erhöhen den Erfolgsgrad der Schmerztherapie.AbstractPain management in nursing home residents (NHR) is insufficient. Hence, this guidance summarizes latest research results and guidelines of particular requirements on treatment of pain in the elderly. The purpose is to improve health care processes and outcomes on individual and institutional level. To reach this aim a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential.The prerequisite for adequate pain treatment is to conduct a standardized pain assessment. Likewise, the application of all opportunities of non-medical pain treatment strategies contributes to the reduction of occurrence of pain and therefore to the preservation of quality of life in NHR. Age-related changes in physiology may affect tolerance and effects of analgesics. Besides, drug interactions need to be considered. After all, education of NHR and involvement of their relatives in pain management foster successful management and treatment of pain.Pain management in nursing home residents (NHR) is insufficient. Hence, this guidance summarizes latest research results and guidelines of particular requirements on treatment of pain in the elderly. The purpose is to improve health care processes and outcomes on individual and institutional level. To reach this aim a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential. The prerequisite for adequate pain treatment is to conduct a standardized pain assessment. Likewise, the application of all opportunities of non-medical pain treatment strategies contributes to the reduction of occurrence of pain and therefore to the preservation of quality of life in NHR. Age-related changes in physiology may affect tolerance and effects of analgesics. Besides, drug interactions need to be considered. After all, education of NHR and involvement of their relatives in pain management foster successful management and treatment of pain.

Interventions to address deficits of pharmacological pain management in nursing home residents – A cluster-randomized trial

To evaluate the effect of interventions for general practitioners and nursing home staff to improve pain severity and appropriateness of pain medication in nursing home residents (NHR).

Interdisciplinary guidance for pain management in nursing home residents

ZusammenfassungDie schmerztherapeutische Versorgung älterer Menschen in vollstationären Pflegeeinrichtungen ist defizitär. Daher werden neueste Erkenntnisse aus Forschung und Praxis mit den in Standards und Leitlinien formulierten Anforderungen im Hinblick auf die Behandlung von Schmerzen bei älteren Menschen in dieser Handlungsempfehlung zusammengefasst. Ziel ist die Optimierung der Versorgungsprozesse und -ergebnisse auf individueller und institutioneller Ebene. Dafür ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit unerlässlich.Die Durchführung eines standardisierten Schmerzassessments ist Voraussetzung für eine adäquate Schmerzbehandlung. Zugleich trägt die Ausschöpfung aller Möglichkeiten nichtmedikamentöser Maßnahmen zur größtmöglichen Reduzierung der Schmerzintensität und somit zum Erhalt der Lebensqualität der Bewohner/innen bei. Im Rahmen der Pharmakotherapie ist zu berücksichtigen, dass altersphysiologische Veränderungen die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Analgetika beeinflussen können. Zudem sind bei Polypharmazie mögliche Interaktionen von Arzneimitteln zu beachten. Edukative Maßnahmen und die Einbeziehung von Angehörigen erhöhen den Erfolgsgrad der Schmerztherapie.AbstractPain management in nursing home residents (NHR) is insufficient. Hence, this guidance summarizes latest research results and guidelines of particular requirements on treatment of pain in the elderly. The purpose is to improve health care processes and outcomes on individual and institutional level. To reach this aim a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential.The prerequisite for adequate pain treatment is to conduct a standardized pain assessment. Likewise, the application of all opportunities of non-medical pain treatment strategies contributes to the reduction of occurrence of pain and therefore to the preservation of quality of life in NHR. Age-related changes in physiology may affect tolerance and effects of analgesics. Besides, drug interactions need to be considered. After all, education of NHR and involvement of their relatives in pain management foster successful management and treatment of pain.Pain management in nursing home residents (NHR) is insufficient. Hence, this guidance summarizes latest research results and guidelines of particular requirements on treatment of pain in the elderly. The purpose is to improve health care processes and outcomes on individual and institutional level. To reach this aim a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential. The prerequisite for adequate pain treatment is to conduct a standardized pain assessment. Likewise, the application of all opportunities of non-medical pain treatment strategies contributes to the reduction of occurrence of pain and therefore to the preservation of quality of life in NHR. Age-related changes in physiology may affect tolerance and effects of analgesics. Besides, drug interactions need to be considered. After all, education of NHR and involvement of their relatives in pain management foster successful management and treatment of pain.

Pain management intervention targeting nursing staff and general practitioners: Pain intensity, consequences and clinical relevance for nursing home residents

Although chronic pain is common in older adults, its treatment is frequently inappropriate. This problem is particularly prevalent in nursing home residents. We therefore developed an intervention to optimize pain management and evaluated its effects on pain intensity and pain interference with function in nursing home residents in Germany.

Falls Self-Efficacy in German Nursing Home Residents: Assessment of Validity and Determination of a Cutoff Point.

Approximately one in every two German nursing home residents falls at least once in a 1-year period and just as many report a fear of falling. It has been hypothesized that falls self-efficacy mediates the relationship between fear of falling and functional ability. The aim of the current study was to develop the German Nursing Home Falls Self-Efficacy Scale, examine its validity, and estimate a cutoff point to differentiate nursing home residents with low or high falls self-efficacy. Nursing home residents were assessed at baseline (n = 178, mean age = 83.7 years) and 6-month follow up (n = 115, mean age = 83.9 years). Factorial and construct validity analyses provided preliminary support for the validity of the scale. A cutoff point of 11.5 was generated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. This scale may assist health care professionals in differentiating between nursing home residents with low and high falls self-efficacy and supporting residents in providing appropriate interventions. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(3):134-144.].

Evaluation einer Fortbildung für Pflegende zum Schmerzmanagement in Pflegeheimen

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Schmerzversorgung von Pflegeheimbewohnerinnen ist nachweislich inadäquat.Ziel der ArbeitUm diesem Defizit zu begegnen, wurden im Projekt PAIN-Intervention eine Handlungsempfehlung zum angemessenen Schmerzmanagement entwickelt und auf dieser Basis Fortbildungen für Pflegende angeboten.Material und MethodenNach Durchführung der Ganztagsworkshops in der Interventionsgruppe bzw. der Basisinformation in der Kontrollgruppe zum Schmerzmanagement in Pflegeheimen schloss sich die anonyme, freiwillige Evaluation mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen an.ErgebnisseDer Ganztagsworkshop zur Optimierung des Schmerzmanagements wurde besser bewertet als die Basisinformation. Signifikante Unterschiede zugunsten der Interventionsgruppe zeigten sich bei der Bewertung der Austauschmöglichkeiten, der erlebten Sicherheit im Umgang mit den Schmerzen der Bewohnerinnen und bezüglich der Informationen über nichtmedikamentöse Maßnahmen. Trotz positiver Bewertung wird vielfach der Veränderungsbedarf im Schmerzmanagement als nichtnotwendig erachtet. Vorkenntnisse der Pflegenden zum Thema Schmerz führten in der Kontrollgruppe zu einer geringeren Erweiterung der Kenntnisse.SchlussfolgerungenUnterschiede in der Methodik und des Zeitrahmens sowie der damit verbundene Umfang der Inhalte nehmen Einfluss auf die Bewertung. Eine multiperspektivische und interaktive Herangehensweise ermöglicht auch bei heterogenen Gruppen bessere Evaluationsergebnisse.AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of pain in nursing home residents is known to be inadequate.ObjectiveIn order to address these deficiencies, pain management guidelines were developed as part of the PAIN-Intervention project. Based on these guidelines, continuing professional development measures for nurses were developed and evaluated.Material and methodsSpecifically, a full-day training workshop was implemented in an intervention group and a control group was provided with basic information on pain management in nursing homes. Participants subsequently evaluated the measures provided by completing an anonymous and voluntary questionnaire.ResultsThe full-day workshop on the optimization of pain management was evaluated better than the basic information. Significant differences in favor of the workshop were found in the areas of exchange of information, confidence in dealing with residents’ pain, and awareness of non-pharmaceutical measures. Despite this positive evaluation, many respondents did not perceive a substantial need for change in the management of pain. In the control group, participants with a higher prior knowledge showed less knowledge gain.ConclusionDifferences in methods, time frame, and scope of the contents covered influenced participants’ evaluations. A multiperspective and interactive approach leads to better evaluation outcomes, even in heterogeneous groups.

Interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlung zum Management von Schmerzen bei älteren Menschen in Pflegeheimen@@@Interdisciplinary guidance for pain management in nursing home residents

ZusammenfassungDie schmerztherapeutische Versorgung älterer Menschen in vollstationären Pflegeeinrichtungen ist defizitär. Daher werden neueste Erkenntnisse aus Forschung und Praxis mit den in Standards und Leitlinien formulierten Anforderungen im Hinblick auf die Behandlung von Schmerzen bei älteren Menschen in dieser Handlungsempfehlung zusammengefasst. Ziel ist die Optimierung der Versorgungsprozesse und -ergebnisse auf individueller und institutioneller Ebene. Dafür ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit unerlässlich.Die Durchführung eines standardisierten Schmerzassessments ist Voraussetzung für eine adäquate Schmerzbehandlung. Zugleich trägt die Ausschöpfung aller Möglichkeiten nichtmedikamentöser Maßnahmen zur größtmöglichen Reduzierung der Schmerzintensität und somit zum Erhalt der Lebensqualität der Bewohner/innen bei. Im Rahmen der Pharmakotherapie ist zu berücksichtigen, dass altersphysiologische Veränderungen die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Analgetika beeinflussen können. Zudem sind bei Polypharmazie mögliche Interaktionen von Arzneimitteln zu beachten. Edukative Maßnahmen und die Einbeziehung von Angehörigen erhöhen den Erfolgsgrad der Schmerztherapie.AbstractPain management in nursing home residents (NHR) is insufficient. Hence, this guidance summarizes latest research results and guidelines of particular requirements on treatment of pain in the elderly. The purpose is to improve health care processes and outcomes on individual and institutional level. To reach this aim a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential.The prerequisite for adequate pain treatment is to conduct a standardized pain assessment. Likewise, the application of all opportunities of non-medical pain treatment strategies contributes to the reduction of occurrence of pain and therefore to the preservation of quality of life in NHR. Age-related changes in physiology may affect tolerance and effects of analgesics. Besides, drug interactions need to be considered. After all, education of NHR and involvement of their relatives in pain management foster successful management and treatment of pain.Pain management in nursing home residents (NHR) is insufficient. Hence, this guidance summarizes latest research results and guidelines of particular requirements on treatment of pain in the elderly. The purpose is to improve health care processes and outcomes on individual and institutional level. To reach this aim a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential. The prerequisite for adequate pain treatment is to conduct a standardized pain assessment. Likewise, the application of all opportunities of non-medical pain treatment strategies contributes to the reduction of occurrence of pain and therefore to the preservation of quality of life in NHR. Age-related changes in physiology may affect tolerance and effects of analgesics. Besides, drug interactions need to be considered. After all, education of NHR and involvement of their relatives in pain management foster successful management and treatment of pain.

Pain, Fear of Falling, and Functional Performance Among Nursing Home Residents: A Longitudinal Study:

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of being pain-affected and fear of falling on functional performance among nursing home residents, longitudinally. We used 6-month follow-up data from a cluster-randomized trial of 12 nursing homes (cluster level) with 239 nursing home residents at baseline (mean age, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.04 [81.40, 84.69], 70% women). The longitudinal analysis provided data on pain, fear of falling, functional mobility, and activities of daily living (individual level). The data revealed a trend indicating that pain-relieved nursing home residents showed better functional mobility over time. The results on fear of falling demonstrate obvious differences in the functional performance of nursing home residents cross-sectionally but not longitudinally. Nevertheless, the results underline the importance of an effective pain treatment to prevent decline in functional mobility among nursing home residents. Further longitudinal surveys are needed to verify the findings on functional performance.

Family caregivers and health promotion. Pilot study to validate a German assessment to survey resources and risks of elderly family caregivers (ARR)

The ARR is a German assessment instrument to survey physical and psychological resources and risks of elderly family caregivers (50+). Factor structure, reliability, and validity were investigated using a sample of 202 caregivers from a national health insurance company. The factorial validity was confirmed for the physical profile (PHP) and the psychological profile (PSP). Reliability is good (PHP: Cronbachs α=0.73; PSP: Cronbachs α=0.71) for the shortness of the profiles. The correlation with self-efficacy constitutes an indicator for construct validity. The psychometric qualities allow the conclusion that the ARR is a reliable and valid instrument which is of interest for family caregivers. Nevertheless, further testing of validity is required.

Pflegende Angehörige und Gesundheitsförderung

The ARR is a German assessment instrument to survey physical and psychological resources and risks of elderly family caregivers (50+). Factor structure, reliability, and validity were investigated using a sample of 202 caregivers from a national health insurance company. The factorial validity was confirmed for the physical profile (PHP) and the psychological profile (PSP). Reliability is good (PHP: Cronbachs α=0.73; PSP: Cronbachs α=0.71) for the shortness of the profiles. The correlation with self-efficacy constitutes an indicator for construct validity. The psychometric qualities allow the conclusion that the ARR is a reliable and valid instrument which is of interest for family caregivers. Nevertheless, further testing of validity is required.