Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza

Padrão de fermentação e composição química de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e sorgo submetidas ou não a inoculação microbiana

Two experiments were run to evaluate the pattern of fermentation and the chemical composition of high moisture corn and sorghum grain silages, with or without microbial inoculation. Experiment 1 dealt with corn grain and experiment 2 dealt with sorghum grain. In each experiment, the experimental treatments resulted from a 2 x 9 factorial arrangement (2 levels of inoculation and 9 fermentation times: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 days). The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 replications. The material was ensiled in experimental silos of PVC (50 cm length and 100 mm diameter). Samples were taken before (0) and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 days of ensilage. There was no effect of inoculation and days of fermentation on the DM content of high moisture corn grain silages, with averages of 64.13 and 64.03%, and of high moisture sorghum grain, with averages of 67.66 and 67.48%, for control and inoculated silages, respectively. There was no effect of inoculation on the silages pH, after 64 days of ensilage of corn and sorghum grain, with averages of 3.97 and 3.92 and 3.94 and 3.95 unities, for control and inoculated silages, respectively. The microbial inoculation of high moisture corn and sorghum grain did not promote alterations neither in the chemical composition nor In the DM losses. The fermentative pattern of high moisture corn and sorghum grain silages did not respond to the inoculation treatment under the studied conditions.

Efeitos de diferentes fontes de concentrado sobre o consumo e a produção de cordeiros na fase de terminação

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high moisture corn and high moisture sorghum versus corn and sorghum grains on intake and production of feedlot lambs. Confinement lasted 77 days and was divided in two periods as follows: in the first 35 days elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) was used in a forage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 while Brachiaria-grass (Brachiaria brizantha) hay was used in a forage:concentrate of 30:70 in the remaining 42 days. Animals were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to one of four treatments: high moisture corn, high moisture sorghum, corn grain, or sorghum grain. Intakes of DM expressed in g/day, in % BW or in g/ kg BW0.75 did not differ among treatments averaging 920.79 g/day, 3.59%, and 81.01 g/kg BW0.75. The weight gain (0.17 vs. 0.13 and 0.19 vs. 0.13 kg/day), feed conversion (5.57 vs. 6.37 and 5.05 vs. 6.86), and feed efficiency (17.95 vs. 15.69 and 19.79 vs. 14.74) values were higher for animals fed high moisture corn and high moisture sorghum grain compared to corn and sorghum grains, respectively. Lambs fed Brachiaria hay supplemented with either high moisture sorghum or sorghum grain had greater weight gain while those fed sorghum grain showed improved feed conversion. In diets with forage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 feeding high moisture corn and high moisture sorghum resulted in increased weight gains, feed conversion, and feed efficiency compared to corn and sorghum grains. In diets with higher proportion of concentrate (forage:concentrate ratio of 30:70) the reduction in animal production may be explained by the rapid degradation of corn leading to poor ruminal environment.

Consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes de dietas com silagens de grãos úmidos de milho ou sorgo, em ovinos

The intake, the digestibility of nutrients, and the total digestible nutrients (TDN) content in sheep diets based on corn and sorghum grains high moisture silages with or without microbial inoculant, were evaluated. The used roughage was Brachiaria hay (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). Twelve animals were distribuited to treatments: (1) hay+high moisture corn grain silage, (2) hay+high moisture sorghum grain silage; (3) hay+high moisture corn grain silage with microbial inoculant, and (4) hay+high moisture sorghum grain silage with microbial inoculant. No differences among treatments in relation to the intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total and non-structural carbohydrates were observed. The ether extract intake differed according to the grains. The silages did not differ in relation to the estimated digestibilities for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, ether extract, and total and non-structural carbohydrates. The TDN did not differ according to the grains and inoculant, with averages of 77.6 and 79.5%, for corn and sorghum grains high moisture silages, respectively. It was demonstrated that the use of microbial inoculant, in high moisture grain silages was not necessary. High moisture corn grain silage can be substituted by high moisture sorghum grain silage without effects on the use of nutrients by sheep.

Características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros alimentados com torta de girassol

This study aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat of lambs fed sunflower cake. Were used 28 Suffolk crossbred lambs, with 4 months of age and average weight of 21.00 ± 0.74 kg, divided into four treatments: 0% (control), 10%, 20% and 30% of sunflower cake inclusion (% DM). The criteria adopted for the slaughter was body condition score (3, on scale of 1 to 5). The inclusion of sunflower cake did not influence the measurement of length and carcass depth (P>0.05), pH 24 hours (P>0.05), yields of commercial cuts (P>0.05), as well as fat distribution, fat thickness and marbling (P>0.05). There was a linear effect (P 0.05). In relation to the control treatment, the inclusion of 20% and 30% of sunflower cake influenced negatively the ribeye area (12.00 and 11.43 cm2, respectively) (P<0.05), cold carcass weight (13.19 and 12.58 kg, respectively) (P<0.05), and confinement time (136.85 and 138.39 days, respectively) (P<0.05). The inclusion of 10% of sunflower cake can be recommended for use in diets of feedlot lambs, since it allows the production of meat and carcasses with quantitative and qualitative characteristics satisfactory, without adversely affecting the performance characteristics.

Combinações de fontes de nitrogênio não proteico em suplementos para novilhos Nelore em pastejo

Objetivou-se avaliar fontes de nitrogenio nao-proteico (NNP) combinadas para suplementacao de novilhos Nelore na recria mantidos em pastagens diferidas. Apos o deferimento de quatro piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 por 60 dias (20 ha cada) 80 novilhos Nelore castrados, com peso corporal medio de 280,40±19,59kg, foram avaliados durante 120 dias. O manejo adotado foi pastejo rotacionado, com mudancas de piquetes a cada 15 dias. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos com diferentes combinacoes de fontes de NNP: Ureia + Ureia extrusada + Ureia revestida; Ureia + Ureia revestida; Ureia + Ureia extrusada; Ureia extrusada. Em todos os tratamentos foram fornecidos suplemento proteico-energetico-mineral ad libitum, com 30% de proteina bruta e 40% de nutrientes digestiveis totais.Quando avaliadas individualmente, as fontes de NNP apresentaram solubilidades distintas em agua e solucao tampao, sendo o menor valor observado para ureia revestida (P<0,05). Os animais dos tratamentos Ureia + Ureia extrusada + Ureia revestida e Ureia extrusa da apresentaram ganho medio diario superior (0,4kg/dia; P<0,05) aos animais dos tratamentos Ureia + Ureia extrusada (0,34kg/dia). Os animais do tratamento Ureia extrusada apresentaram maior ganho de carcaca (1,71 @/animal) em relacao aos demais (P<0,05). A margem liquida do tratamento Ureia extrusada (R

Predição da composição física e química da carcaça de borregas pela seção da 9ª a 11ª costelas ou 12ª costela

158,20/animal) foi superior em 10,8%, 8,2% e 35,8% aos tratamentos Ureia + Ureia extrusada + Ureia revestida, Ureia + Ureia revestida e Ureia + Ureia extrusada, respectivamente. Recomenda-se a utilizacao de ureia extrusada como fonte de nitrogenio nao proteico em suplementos para novilhos Nelore em pastagem diferida.

Dieta com alto teor de gordura e desempenho de tourinhos de grupos genéticos diferentes em confinamento

Objetivou-se ajustar e avaliar modelos para predicao da composicao fisica e quimica corporal de borregas a partir de medidas obtidas da secao da 9a a 11a costelas (secao 9-11) ou da 12a costela. Foram confinadas em baias individuais 36 borregas mesticas alimentadas com niveis crescentes de concentrado (0; 20; 40; 60 e 80%) ate atingirem 37,70 ± 10,23kg para o abate. No abate, a meia-carcaca direita de cada animal foi dissecada para determinacao da proporcao de musculo (PMC), gordura (PGC), osso (POC), proteina bruta (PPBC) e extrato etereo (PEEC). A secao 9-11 e a 12a costela foram obtidas na meia-carcaca esquerda com objetivo similar. Os modelos para predicao foram ajustados como possiveis variaveis preditoras a PMC, PGC, POC, PPBC e PEEC na secao 9-11 (PM9-11, PG9-11, PO9-11, PPB9-11 e PEEC9-11, respectivamente) ou na 12a costela (PM12, PG12, PO12, PPB12 e PEE12, respectivamente). Foi observada correlacao positiva entre a PM9-11 e PMC (r = 0,69; P<0,001). A PG9-11 foi correlacionada com a PGC (r = 0,93; P<0,001). A PO9-11 foi positivamente correlacionada com a POC (r = 0,92; P<0,001). A PG12 gerou modelo acurado para a predicao da PGC (R2 = 0,92; P<0,001). A equacao de predicao para estimativa da POC a partir da PO9-11 foi mais precisa e acurada (R2= 0,86; P<0,001) em relacao a PO12 (R2 = 0,55). E possivel gerar modelos de predicao de componentes fisicos e quimicos corporais de borregas a partir da secao 9-11 e 12a costela.