Andrzej Bartnicki

New Acrylic Esters, Derivatives of Some Diglycidyl Ethers as Main Components of Lacquer Compositions

Abstract UV-curable compositions consist of the new diacrylates and dimethacrylates of diglycidyl ethers of Bisphenols: P(1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclopentane), C(1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane), H(1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cycloheptane) reactive diluents and with photoinitiator Irgacure 651.

Copolymerization and thermal study of the new methacrylate derivative of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol

In this study, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl methacrylate (TClPhMA) was synthesized by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the ice bath condition. The obtained monomer was extracted by chloroform and purified on a chromatography column. In order to confirm the chemical structure of the new compound, spectroscopic studies (ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GC–MS) were undertaken. The obtained TClPhMA was copolymerized with commercially available monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, 1,4-divinylbenzene and 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate. The copolymers were obtained by bulk polymerization in which benzoyl peroxide was used as a free radical initiator. The thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.

Thermal and photoluminescence analysis of a methacrylic diester derivative of naphthalene-2,7-diol

The synthesis and thermal and optical properties of a new type of photoluminescent monomer of 2,7-bis[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)propoxy]naphthalene (2,7-NAF.PMEM) are presented. The chemical structure of 2,7-NAF.PMEM was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR analysis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Next, bulk copolymers were synthesized using two comonomers, methyl methacrylate and styrene. These monomers were chosen because of their good optical properties (high visible light transparency). The thermal properties of the new copolymers were studied by the TG/DSC/QMS-coupled method in an inert atmosphere. The UV–Vis absorption and luminescence spectra of the obtained polymers were registered and evaluated. The 510-nm luminescence band was observed independently of the kind of monomer and its concentration.

Studies on the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of the new polymeric ion exchangers with sulphur groups

In this paper, new styrene microspheres with pendant methylenethiol or sulphonic groups are presented. The copolymer was obtained by the emulsion–suspension polymerization of aromatic tetrafunctional monomer 1,1′-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloiloxypropoxy)phenyl] cyclohexane (C.DA) with styrene. This process was performed at constant mole ratio of C.DA to styrene (1:1 w/w). In order to introduce sulphur groups on the surface of the microspheres, the multistage modification was carried out. After modification very attractive methylenethiol (–CH2SH) and sulphonic (–SO3H) groups were introduced into the structure of microspheres. Elemental analysis and the spectroscopic method (attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to confirm the modification reaction. Thermal stabilities and degradation behaviours of the obtained copolymers were characterized by using thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry/quadrupole mass spectrometry analyses.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of a new methylenethiol resins for heavy metal ions removal

ABSTRACT Polymeric matrices in the form of microspheres were obtained by copolymerization of the tetrafunctional monomers: 2,3-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)naphthalene (2,3-NAF.DM) or (bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulphide (BES.DM) with styrene (St). Next multistage modification which introduced the methylenethiol groups on the surface of copolymers was carried out. New materials were used in sorption processes to remove toxic heavy metal ions particularly Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of the contact time on the sorption of the above-mentioned ions are presented. Sorption capacity depending on the type of monomers, modification, surface character, and porous structure of polymer was determined. The synthesized microspheres 2,3-NAF.DM-St-CH2SH and BES.DM-St-CH2SH indicate potential to adsorb heavy metal ions in the state and batch equilibrium systems.

Study of physico-chemical properties of the new potential optical polymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

In this work synthesis, optymalization and study of physico-chemical properties of the new functionalized copolymers are presented. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,4-dichlorophenyl methacrylate (2,4ClPh-M) copolymers have been prepared by bulk polymerisation. As a polymerization initiator (α,α’-azoiso-bis-butyronitrile) was used. A different weight ratio of HEMA to 2,4ClPh-M was applied. In this way 10 different copolymers were obtained. The structure of new materials was confirmed by spectroscopic methods (ATR-FTIR). The thermal stability of the obtained copolymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG).

Synthesis and characterization of polymeric blends based on polysulfone for special applications

In this paper, synthesis and characterization of new polymeric blends are presented. For copolymerization, the following components: N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), bisphenol A polysulfone (PSU) and bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate (BPA-A) were used. 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyloacetophenone was applied as a photoinitiator. In this method, five polymeric blends with different amounts of PSU were synthesized. Their hardness was investigated using the Shore method. The effect of polysulfone amount on their mechanical and thermal properties was analyzing by means of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) as well as thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG)

Immobilization of Polymeric Luminophor on Nanoparticles Surface.

Polymeric luminophors with reduced toxicity are of the priorities in the production of lighting devices, sensors, detectors, bioassays or diagnostic systems. The aim of this study was to develop a method of immobilization of the new luminophor on a surface of nanoparticles and investigation of the structure of the grafted layer. Monomer 2,7-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)naphthalene (2,7-NAF.DM) with luminophoric properties was immobilized on silica and carbon nanotubes in two ways: mechanical mixing with previously obtained polymer and by in situ oligomerization with chemisorption after carrier’s modification with vinyl groups. The attached polymeric (or oligomeric) surface layer was studied using thermal and spectral techniques. Obtained results confirm the chemisorption of luminophor on the nanotubes and silica nanoparticles at the elaborated synthesis techniques. The microstructure of 2,7-NAF.DM molecules after chemisorption was found to be not changed. The elaborated modification approach allows one to obtain nanoparticles uniformly covered with polymeric luminophor.

New Ion Exchangers Based on Copolymers: 2,3-(2-Hydroxy-3-Methacryloyloxypropoxy)Naphthalene–Styrene

Synthesis and characterization of the new polymeric ion exchangers with thiol and sulfonyl hydroxide groups are presented. These new sorbents were also compared with polymeric microspheres possessing methylenethiol groups on the surface presented previously. The polymeric cation ion exchangers in the form of microspheres were obtained by the suspension-emulsion polymerization tetrafunctional monomer: 2,3-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)naphthalene (2,3-NAF.DM) with styrene (St). Next, multistage modification introducing sulfur-containing group (thiol or sulfonyl hydroxide or methylenethiol) on the surface of polymeric matrices was made. In order to obtain sulfonyl hydroxide derivatives the matrices were performed as follows: the parent microspheres were treated by H2SO4 (Method I) or with the addition of oleum (Method II). The thiol groups were introduced in a two-stage reaction. In the first stage chlorosulfonation of parent microspheres in the presence of chlorosulfonic acid was carried out. Finally, the reduction of modified microspheres by using SnCl2·2H2O was conducted. The sulfur group content (elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope EDX SEM), thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis), porous structure as well as the swelling characteristics of the functional beads were examined. The surface texture was also visualized by the AFM method.

Synthesis of new copolymers 4,4’-sulfinylbisphenol derivative with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone - photopolymerization and thermo-mechanical studies

Abstract Synthesis, structure and characterization of the new sulfur monomer sulfinylbis[benzene-4,1-diyl(oxy-2-hydroxypropane-3,1-diylmethacrylate)] (SO.DM) and its photopolymerization with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) are presented. SO.DM was obtained in the three-step reaction. In the first step, 4,4’- sulfinylbisphenol from 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)thio]phenol was obtained. In the second step the epoxy compound was synthesized. It was obtained in the reaction of 4,4’- sulfinylbisphenol with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane in the two phases liquid/liquid system including organic and aqueous phases. In the third step, ring opening of the obtained diglycidyl ether was carried out with the use of methacrylic acid in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBAC) as a catalyst. Structures of new compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H and 13CNMR and DIP-MS). Photopolymerization of compositions containing different ratios of the monomers (SO.DM and NVP) and an initiator (Irgacure 651) was carried out. The following properties (before and after curing) were determined: density, polymerization shrinkage, glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus, hardness, tensile strength. Moreover, dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties were studied.