Beata Podkościelna

New photoluminescent copolymers of naphthalene-2,7-diol dimethacrylate and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

Syntheses of the new photoluminescent copolymers: 2,7-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)naphthalene with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) are presented. The obtained compound was copolymerised with different ratios of active diluent (NVP). Thermo- and photo-polymerisations of the compositions with use of the initiators: α,α′-azoiso-bis-butyronitrile and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone were carried out. The following properties were determined: density, polymerisation shrinkage, glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus, hardness and tensile strength. Moreover, the dynamic-mechanical, thermal and photoluminescent properties were studied. These materials may have potential use as luminophores and coatings filtering harmful UV radiation.

Photo- and thermally initiated polymerization of methacrylate monomer derivative of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfide with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

The results of the studies concerning photo- and thermally initiated copolymerization of bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfide (BES-DM) with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and thermo-mechanical properties of resulting compositions are presented. BES-DM was obtained in the two-step reaction. In the first step, the epoxy resin was synthesized. It was obtained in the reaction of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfide with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane. In the second step, esterification of the obtained diglycidyl ether was carried out with the use of methacrylic acid. New copolymers with different degrees of crosslinking were obtained. The study describes the effect of crosslinking degree and the method of polymerization initiation on the properties of the new compositions. Density, viscosity, glass temperature, Young’s modulus, hardness, tensile strength were determined before and after curing for the compositions of BES-DM and NVP. Moreover, the dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties for the chosen samples of copolymers were studied.

Characterization of the Porous Structure of HPLC Packings Based on Di(p-Acrylic Phenyl)Sulphone and DVB

Studies of the porous structure of the polymeric microspheres synthesized from di(p-acrylic phenyl)sulphone (DAS), (p-hydroxyphenyl-p-acrylic phenyl)sulphone (HAS) and divinylbenzene (DVB) are presented. The porous structure was characterized by the nitrogen adsorption method, inverse exclusion chromatography and atomic force microscopy. To describe the tendency of the microspheres to swell, the swelling propensities and the swellability coefficient were also determined. The results show that both polymers studied can be used as packing materials in chromatography. Their porous structures are relatively stable since they are characterized by a high degree of crosslinking. In addition, the polymer ASP–OH containing reactive hydroxyl functional groups provides a convenient starting material for chemical modifications.

The Use of Bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfide in Preparation of Microspheres with Pendant Amine Groups as a Heavy Metal Sorbent

Bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfide-based copolymer microspheres with pendant amine groups are shown to be very efficient in removing Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Bis(4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl)sulfide (1 mol) and glycidyl methacrylate (1 mol) copolymer microspheres have been prepared by suspension-emulsion polymerisation in the presence of pore forming diluents. Amine functions have been introduced into the surface copolymers by modification of the epoxy groups with etylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, or triethylenetetramine. The swelling properties of parent and modified copolymers as well as thermal properties were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models are used to describe the adsorption characteristics of the sorbents. Additionally, the adsorption results in the quaternary systems containing Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) with different ratios of their initial concentrations are presented.

Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of the new photoluminescent monomer

In this paper synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of the new monomer: 2,7-di(methacyloyloxy)naphthalene (2,7-NAF.M) is presented. Its structure was confirmed by the spectroscopic methods: 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ATR-FTIR and GC–MS. The resulting compound was copolymerized with the commonly used, commercial vinyl monomers: styrene, methyl methacrylate, 1,4-divinylbenzene, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. For comparison, the homopolymer (2,7-NAF.M-HOMO) was also prepared. Dibenzoyl peroxide as a thermoinitiator was used in the copolymerization process. Thermal properties of 2,7-NAF.M, and their copolymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis for both inert and oxidative atmospheres. The influence of vinyl monomers on the physicochemical properties of the obtained copolymers was discussed. Additionally, photoluminescent properties of the obtained monomer were examined.

New approach in the application of lignin for the synthesis of hybrid materials

Abstract In this study, a novel method for the synthesis of hybrid, porous microspheres, including divinylbenzene (DVB), triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) and methacrylated lignin (L-Met), is presented. The methacrylic derivatives of kraft lignin were obtained by reaction with methacryloyl chloride according to a new experimental protocol. The course of the modification of lignin was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The emulsion-suspension polymerization method was employed to obtain copolymers of DVD, TEVS and L-Met in spherical forms. The porous structures and morphologies of the obtained lignin-containing functionalized microspheres were investigated by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption data and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microspheres are demonstrated to be mesoporous materials with specific surface areas in the range of 430–520 m2/g. The effects of the lignin component on the porous structure, shape, swelling and thermal properties of the microspheres were evaluated.

Copolymerization and thermal study of the new methacrylate derivative of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol

In this study, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl methacrylate (TClPhMA) was synthesized by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the ice bath condition. The obtained monomer was extracted by chloroform and purified on a chromatography column. In order to confirm the chemical structure of the new compound, spectroscopic studies (ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GC–MS) were undertaken. The obtained TClPhMA was copolymerized with commercially available monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, 1,4-divinylbenzene and 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate. The copolymers were obtained by bulk polymerization in which benzoyl peroxide was used as a free radical initiator. The thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.

The influence of oxidation number of sulfur on the polymerization and thermo-mechanical properties of dimethacrylate copolymers

Structure and characterization of the sulfur-containing monomers bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfide (S·DM), bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfinyl (SO·DM), bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl (SO2·DM), and their photopolymerization with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) are presented. The monomers were obtained in the reaction of derivatives of aromatic diols with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane in the two-phase liquid/liquid system, including organic and aqueous phases. Next, esterification of the obtained diglycidyl ether was carried out with the use of methacrylic acid. Photopolymerization of the compositions (S·DM, SO·DM, SO2·DM and NVP) and the initiator (Irgacure 651) was carried out. The influence of oxidation number of sulfur on the properties of the obtained copolymers was studied. The following properties were determined: density, glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus, hardness and tensile strength. Additionally, dynamic-mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. Thermal properties of copolymers under different conditions (in air, in nitrogen and in helium) were tested.

Characteristics of thermal behavior of photoluminescent copolymers studied by the TG/DTG/FTIR coupled method

Thermal properties of the photoluminescent copolymers, naphthalene-2,7-diol dimethacrylate derivatives, are presented in this paper. The materials were synthesized by bulk copolymerization of 2,7-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)naphthalene (2,7-NAF.DM) with four popular vinyl monomers: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), butyl acrylate (BA), divinylbenzene (DVB) and styrene (ST). As an initiator, the α,α′-azoiso-bis-butyronitrile was used. Thermal stabilities and degradation behaviors of the obtained copolymers were studied by means of the differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric (TG/DTG, in air and in helium atmosphere) analyses. Gases evolved during the thermal treatment were monitored using the TG-FTIR coupled method. The presented copolymers can have potential application as luminophores, protective coatings or fiber-optical sensors.

Thermal and photoluminescence analysis of a methacrylic diester derivative of naphthalene-2,7-diol

The synthesis and thermal and optical properties of a new type of photoluminescent monomer of 2,7-bis[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)propoxy]naphthalene (2,7-NAF.PMEM) are presented. The chemical structure of 2,7-NAF.PMEM was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR analysis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Next, bulk copolymers were synthesized using two comonomers, methyl methacrylate and styrene. These monomers were chosen because of their good optical properties (high visible light transparency). The thermal properties of the new copolymers were studied by the TG/DSC/QMS-coupled method in an inert atmosphere. The UV–Vis absorption and luminescence spectra of the obtained polymers were registered and evaluated. The 510-nm luminescence band was observed independently of the kind of monomer and its concentration.