Anelise Henrich Crestani

O grupo na fonoaudiologia: origens clínicas e na saúde coletiva

BACKGROUND: the group in speech therapy. PURPOSE: to review the researches about the effectiveness of group therapy in collective health, and more specifically in speech therapy and in psychology under the Brazilian reality. CONCLUSION: the group was an efficient and efficacy intervention strategy, in all cases, because of its theatrical assumptions.

Análise da associação entre tipos de aleitamento, presença de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil, variáveis obstétricas e socioeconômicas

PURPOSE: To investigate the association among types of breastfeeding, presence of child development risk, socioeconomic and obstetric variables. METHODS: The sample was composed of 182 mother-child dyades. Data were collected through an initial interview about breastfeeding; obstetric, socioeconomic, demographic and psychosocial aspects; and mother-child interaction analysis by the Child Development Risk Inventory. The data were organized in categories related to breastfeeding, presence or absence of child development risk, obstetric and socioeconomic variables, and were analyzed in Statistica 9.0 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mixed breastfeeding type shows statistical correlation between presence of child development risk as well as to variables such as prematurity, low weight, birth intercurrences and mothers domestic profession. CONCLUSION: The results show that factors such as low weight, prematurity and presence of birth intercurrences can be associated to mixed breastfeeding, even if the mothers present physical and time availability for breastfeeding. These variables can be associated to mother-child initial interactions detected by Child Development Risk Inventory.

Análise da associação entre índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala entre 13 e 16 meses

PURPOSE: to investigate the association between the presence of child development risk and children early speech production between 13 to 16 months of age, and the predictive value of child development risk inventory for language initial acquisition. METHODS: the sample consisted of 52 mother-child dyads, followed by a cut study from 0 to 18 months, and of the assessment of childrens lexical production between 13 and 16 months of age through spontaneous memories of the mothers and the observation of child behavior. Data were organized in categories and analyzed through the STATISTICA 9.0 software. RESULTS: the initial acquisition of language, measured by the number of words spoken by the baby, differs significantly in the presence of risks to development in the first phase (0-4 months of age) and considering babies who were at risk in any of the four phases (0-18 months of age), whereas babies at risk have a production number of words statistically lower compared to those without risk. CONCLUSION: through data analysis, the research demonstrated a statistical association between child development risks and language acquisition. The higher the risks, the less speech production.

Fatores socioeconômicos, obstétricos, demográficos e psicossociais como risco ao desenvolvimento infantil

PURPOSE: to investigate obstetric, demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial risk factors of mother-child dyads for the occurrence of changes in the Risk Indicators for Child Development (IRDI) in children age groups from zero to 18 months. METHOD: the sample consisted of 182 mother-infant dyads. Data collection occurred through the analysis of mother-infant interaction ​​based on the Risk Indicators for Child Development (IRDI) Protocol and on an interview which investigated socio-economic, demographic, obstetric and psychosocial aspects in the first stage of the procedures. Data were organized into an electronic spreadsheet and then converted to computer software for statistical analisys. RESULTS: the significant risk factors for the four phases of IRDI were, in the range of zero to four months, the mothers marital status and number of children; in the range of four to eight months, the number of prenatal visits and per capita income; in the range of eight to twelve months, pregnancy planning; and in the range of twelve to eighteen months, maternal depression history, the mothers age and profession. CONCLUSION: the study demonstrated that the environment and the situations in which the mother-infant dyad is part of, may hinder or facilitate the development of the infant.

Validação de conteúdo: clareza/pertinência, fidedignidade e consistência interna de sinais enunciativos de aquisição da linguagem

Purpose To analyze the results of the validation of building enunciative signs of language acquisition for children aged 3 to 12 months. Methods The signs were built based on mechanisms of language acquisition in an enunciative perspective and on clinical experience with language disorders. The signs were submitted to judgment of clarity and relevance by a sample of six experts, doctors in linguistic in with knowledge of psycholinguistics and language clinic. In the validation of reliability, two judges/evaluators helped to implement the instruments in videos of 20% of the total sample of mother-infant dyads using the inter-evaluator method. The method known as internal consistency was applied to the total sample, which consisted of 94 mother-infant dyads to the contents of the Phase 1 (3-6 months) and 61 mother-infant dyads to the contents of Phase 2 (7 to 12 months). The data were collected through the analysis of mother-infant interaction based on filming of dyads and application of the parameters to be validated according to the childs age. Data were organized in a spreadsheet and then converted to computer applications for statistical analysis. Results The judgments of clarity/relevance indicated no modifications to be made in the instruments. The reliability test showed an almost perfect agreement between judges (0.8 ≤ Kappa ≥ 1.0); only the item 2 of Phase 1 showed substantial agreement (0.6 ≤ Kappa ≥ 0.79). The internal consistency for Phase 1 had alpha = 0.84, and Phase 2, alpha = 0.74. This demonstrates the reliability of the instruments. Conclusion The results suggest adequacy as to content validity of the instruments created for both age groups, demonstrating the relevance of the content of enunciative signs of language acquisition.

Efeitos da prematuridade na aquisição da linguagem e na maturação auditiva: revisão sistemática

Purpose To verify which damages prematurity causes to hearing and language. Research strategies We used the decriptors language/linguagem, hearing/audicao, prematurity/prematuridade in databases LILACS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Scielo. Selection criteria randomized controlled trials, non-randomized intervention studies and descriptive studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control projects). Data analysis The articles were assessed independently by two authors according to the selection criteria. Twenty-six studies were selected, of which seven were published in Brazil and 19 in international literature. Results Nineteen studies comparing full-term and preterm infants. Two of the studies made comparisons between premature infants small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age. In four studies, the sample consisted of children with extreme prematurity, while other studies have been conducted in children with severe and moderate prematurity. To assess hearing, these studies used otoacoustic emissions, brainstem evoked potentials, tympanometry, auditory steady-state response and visual reinforcement audiometry. For language assessment, most of the articles used the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development. Most studies reviewed observed that prematurity is directly or indirectly related to the acquisition of auditory and language abilities early in life. Conclusion Thus, it could be seen that prematurity, as well as aspects related to it (gestational age, low weight at birth and complications at birth), affect maturation of the central auditory pathway and may cause negative effects on language acquisition.Purpose To verify which damages prematurity causes to hearing and language. Research strategies We used the decriptors language/linguagem, hearing/audição, prematurity/prematuridade in databases LILACS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Scielo. Selection criteria randomized controlled trials, non-randomized intervention studies and descriptive studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control projects). Data analysis The articles were assessed independently by two authors according to the selection criteria. Twenty-six studies were selected, of which seven were published in Brazil and 19 in international literature. Results Nineteen studies comparing full-term and preterm infants. Two of the studies made comparisons between premature infants small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age. In four studies, the sample consisted of children with extreme prematurity, while other studies have been conducted in children with severe and moderate prematurity. To assess hearing, these studies used otoacoustic emissions, brainstem evoked potentials, tympanometry, auditory steady-state response and visual reinforcement audiometry. For language assessment, most of the articles used the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development. Most studies reviewed observed that prematurity is directly or indirectly related to the acquisition of auditory and language abilities early in life. Conclusion Thus, it could be seen that prematurity, as well as aspects related to it (gestational age, low weight at birth and complications at birth), affect maturation of the central auditory pathway and may cause negative effects on language acquisition.