Animesh K. Chakraborty

Disposition Kinetic of Amoxicillin in Healthy and Nephropathic Goats with Immunological and Residual Level in Blood and Tissues

In the present investigation, we evaluated disposition kinetics of amoxicillin in healthy as well as nephropathy black-Bengal goats of either sex through single intravenous (IV) route along with metabolism aspects in all vital organs and urine after repeated therapeutic (TP, 10 mg/kg) and one half of therapeutic dose (HTP, 5 mg/kg) consecutively for 60 days through intramuscular administration (IM), evaluation of blood biochemistry and liver cytochrome p450 component. Higher ClB, AUC and lower MRT values in nephropathic goats compared to healthy goats indicates rapid distribution and elimination of drug from plasma when amoxicillin was administered to goats with acute renal failure. Continuous administration through intramuscular route up to 60 days revealed biochemical, hematological, histopathological changes in therapeutics as well as below therapeutic dosage level in blackBengal goats. Present study also revealed immunosuppressive effect during 60 days continuous intramuscular administration and confirmed stimulatory effect on Cytochrome p 450 enzyme system.

The disposition kinetics and residues of fenvalerate in tissues following a single dermal application to black bengal goats

The disposition kinetics of fenvalerate were studied in goats after dermal application of 100 ml of 0.25% (w/v) solution. The insecticide persisted in the blood for 72 h. The mean (±SEM) Vd(area) and apparent t1/2 (β) were 9.92±1.44 L/kg and 17.51±2.65 h, while the AUC and ClB values were respectively 82.15±7.40 μg h/ml and 0.56±0.05 L/(kg h). Four days after the dermal application, the highest concentration of fenvalerate residues was found in the adrenal gland, followed by the biceps muscle, omental fat, liver, kidney, lung and cerebrum in that order. Fenvalerate caused hyperglycaemia but had no effect on serum protein and cholesterol levels. Serum acetylcholinesterase activities were increased after 24 h but were below the initial values from 48 to 120 h.

Effect of repeated dermal application of fenvalerate on cockerels: Residue, cell architecture and biochemical profiles

Effect of fenvalerate on residual concentration, cell architecture and biochemical parameters of tissue following dermal application at 0.1% in ethanol three times per week for a period of 150 days in cockerels was studied. Brain contained the maximal residue followed by heart, omental fat, liver and kidney in sequence. It increased the AST activity in kidney and heart, ALT activity in liver, kidney, heart and brain; AP activity in liver, kidney and heart tissues. It decreased the AST activity in brain; and acetyl cholinesterase activity in liver and brain tissues. In conclusion, it appears that chronic dermal application of fenvalerate for 150 days does not produce any clinical signs of toxicity. It produced proliferation of bile duct, periportal fibrosis, aggregation of mononuclear cells resembling lymphoctyic nodule in liver; hypertrophy of glomeruli, thickening of Bowmans capsule, fibrosis and accumulation of mononuclear cells in between the kidney tubules; fatty degeneration of heart tissue and cong...

Chronic dermal toxicity study of fenvalerate in fowl

Chronic toxicity study was carried out in cockerels following dermal application of 0.1% fenvalerate three times a week for 180 days. Treated birds did not produce any adverse effect on the body weight gain and showed no clinical sign of toxicity. Erythrocytosis and leucopenia from 75 day, heterophilia and haemoglobinization from 90 day, lymphocytopenia from 60 day followed by lymphocytosis on 165 day, increase of PCV from 75 day and clotting period of blood on 180 days were observed in treated birds. Residual concentration of fenvalerate in blood showed an alternate increase and decrease pattern having the highest concentration on 120 day. Increase of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and decrease of alkaline phosphatase activities were observed all throughout the period of observation (except 180 day) in treated birds. Serum cholinesterase and acid phosphatase activities were however unaltered. Treated birds showed hypoglycaemia from 90 to 150 day proceeded by hypochlolesterolaemia and hypop...