Anne Lise Dias Brasil

Avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias das cozinhas de creches públicas e filantrópicas

This paper aims to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of kitchens in philanthropic and public daycare centers in the city of Sao Paulo using a tool of easy application. Information on the hygienic-sanitary conditions was gathered observing the operational conditions of five public and philanthropic daycare centers in the city of Sao Paulo. A score was developed for classifying the risks of food contamination. The operational conditions in the kitchens of the studied philanthropic and public daycare centers in the city of Sao Paulo can result in contamination of the prepared food. Among the most important risk factors for food contamination is the behavior of the workers who handle the food. Training and continuous supervision of the involved personnel are the best and easiest alternatives for assuring the appropriate hygienic-sanitary conditions and quality of the food offered to the children in these daycare centers.

Orientação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes e os novos padrões de consumo: propagandas, embalagens e rótulos

Objective: To debate knowledge on labeling, packaging, releases and promotion of processed foods that have been included progressively in the diets of children and adolescents. Data source: On-line articles from Medline and SciELO database published over the last ten years in Portuguese and English using the keywords “child”, “marketing”, “eating habits”, “television”, “health education”. Also, books, recent texts and articles considered relevant for the present review were included. Data synthesis: The present article discusses the food marketing according to propaganda, packaging and labeling. This review also approaches the influence of TV advertising on building of children and adolescents’ eating habits; the nutrition quality of advertised foods and alternatives that parents and teachers could use to deal with these new patterns of consumption. Additionally, it is discussed packaging as a communication tool between manufacturer Artigo de Revisao Rev Paul Pediatr 2009;27(1):99-105. and consumer. Regarding labeling, the “Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria” (Anvisa) new rules on Regulatory Nutritional Labeling as well as the importance of proper label reading for healthy choices are discussed. Conclusions: The present article is intended to be a tool for updating health professionals and encouraging them to act more effectively in health education and nutrition. It is urgent to adopt prevention practices enlightening parents and relatives whose children actively participate in the consumption society in order to minimize the harmful effects of the obesogenic foods routine ingestion. Key-words: child; propaganda; food habits; television; health education.

Fat and protein composition of mature milk in adolescents

The levels of certain components, notably total protein, total fat, energy, and fatty acids, of mature milk from 48 adolescent and 44 adult mothers was studied. These two groups were subdivided into high and low socioeconomic level (SEL). All mothers were primiparous, eutrophic, and with term pregnancy; and their newborns weighted over 2500 g at birth. The age factor appeared to have significant influence on the concentration of total protein, with higher levels in the group of adolescent mothers possibly as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the caloric value of the milk. The fatty acid content was altered significantly by the SEL probably due to the direct effect of maternal diet. The milk in adolescent mothers of low SEL demonstrated higher concentration of lauric and myristic acids, while the milk in low SEL adults contained higher proportions of linoleic and linolenic acids. The milk in adult mothers of high SEL demonstrated higher concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids. The different feeding habits of two socioeconomic groups may explain these results. The regular intake of soya oil, corn oil, and margarine by the urban population in general resulted in higher levels of linoleic acid in the milk of all groups studied.

Antropometria de escolares ao ingresso no ensino fundamental na cidade de Belém, Pará, 2001

OBJECTIVES: to perform anthropometric measurements in elementary school students of the public school system of the State of Belem, Para, as a tool for nutritional surveillance and to study associations between nutritional status and biological, social and economic characteristics. METHODS: 793 students were assessed for their nutritional status, by z scores of height/age and weight /height according to the World Health Organization criteria. Biological, social and economic variables were: gender, age, place of birth, age of school enrolment and maternal education level. The chi square test was used to relate nutritional status to variables. RESULTS: of the 637 students assessed, 16.6% were of low stature or in risk of low stature, 4.5% malnourished or in risk of malnourishment, 7.4% were overweight or obese. There was no significant association between nutritional status and gender. The majority of the children was born in the capital, was enrolled late in school and had mothers with education level of >4 years. There was a significant correlation between obesity and low stature with low maternal education level; malnutrition risk and low stature with late school enrolment; and obesity and normal stature with regular enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: low maternal school level and late school enrollment are associated to nutritional problems. School nutritional surveillance is important to assess, treat and prevent childrens health and nutrition risks.

Colostrum composition in adolescent mothers.

Colostrum of high and low (LSEL) socioeconomic level adolescent mothers was analyzed to determine the potential influence of adolescence on colostrums chemical composition. Concentrations of total fat, energy, total protein, immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G and fatty acids were compared to those of adult mothers. The colostrum of adolescent mothers showed significantly higher levels of IgA and IgM compared to that of adults. Concentrations of lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids were lower in the group of LSEL adolescents, when compared to those of adult mothers of the same socioeconomic level, probably due to lower lipogenic activity in the former. High levels of stearic and oleic acids were found in LSEL adolescents in comparison to LSEL adults, despite similar dietary habits. Our results show that breast-feeding by adolescent mothers of any socioeconomic level is as indicated as that by adult mothers.

Aceitabilidade de pão fortificado com ferro microencapsulado por crianças de creches das regiões sul e leste da cidade de São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptance of a new food, a mini-roll enriched with microencapsulated iron sulfate, among preschool-aged children stratified by sex, age group, nutritional status, presence of iron-deficiency anemia, length of storage, and stage of trial (early, middle, late). METHODS: Double blind randomized clinical trial with 382 children aged 2 to 6 years enrolled in 4 not-for-profit daycare centers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Children in two daycare centers received the mini-rolls fortified with microencapsulated iron in breakfast from Monday to Friday (exposed daycare centers). Children in the other 2 daycare centers received regular, yet identical, mini-rolls in the same manner. Observation lasted 120 days. Acceptance was noted daily on specific log-sheets. Data were compared using the chi-square and Students t tests, analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Mean weekly consumption of mini-rolls was lower in exposed daycare centers (1.17) than in unexposed centers (1.54). Variance was greater in unexposed daycare centers. Acceptance was lower among children in exposed daycare centers in all stratified variable categories, except among children younger than 36 months or aged between 36 and 47 months. CONCLUSION: Although the childrens acceptance of the rolls fortified with iron was significantly lower than that of rolls without iron fortification, this type of food might be a viable alternative in the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia in children of daycare centers.

FACTORS DETERMINING NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF MOTHERS AND CHILDREN OF THE LOW SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL

Factors determining the nutritional status (NS) of 1321 children and mothers of low socioeconomic levels; attended in the Pediatric Department of the Paulista Medicine School were investigated. According to Gomez and Waterlow, 50.6% of the children were malnourished, 44.8% eutrophic and 4.6% were overweight or obese. According to the criteria of Jelliffe 12.4% of the mothers were malnourished, 53.4% eutrophic and 34.2% were overweight or obese. Of the mothers of malnourished children 55.1% were eutrophic, 14.3% malnourished and 30.6% overweight or obese. Correlation between the childs NS and birthweight was highly significant (p < 0.001). The Goodman test, showed an association between malnutrition, low income and maternal education and high number of sibling. There was no association between maternal malnutrition, income and education. A higher number of children and more advance maternal age was associated with overweight and obesity There was no association between NS of mothers and children and maternal work. Maternal birthweight income and education are important factors in child NS. The determining factors of postnatal malnutrition are different for mothers and children.