Antonio Carlos Loureiro Lino

Image processing techniques for lemons and tomatoes classification

Vegetable quality is frequently referred to size, shape, mass, firmness, color and bruises from which fruits can be classified and sorted. However, technological by small and middle producers implementation to assess this quality is unfeasible, due to high costs of software, equipment as well as operational costs. Based on these considerations, the proposal of this research is to evaluate a new open software that enables the classification system by recognizing fruit shape, volume, color and possibly bruises at a unique glance. The software named ImageJ, compatible with Windows, Linux and MAC/OS, is quite popular in medical research and practices, and offers algorithms to obtain the above mentioned parameters. The software allows calculation of volume, area, averages, border detection, image improvement and morphological operations in a variety of image archive formats as well as extensions by means of “plugins” written in Java.

Calibração da técnica de moiré aplicada a perfilometria de protótipos mecânicos

A perfilometria e uma tecnica amplamente utilizada na construcao de mapas e graficos de relevos aplicados a uma vasta area do conhecimento. Frente as necessidades de suprir a demanda da industria e da area de desenvolvimento de prototipos quanto a tecnicas nao invasivas na investigacao da superficie de materiais em geral, o presente trabalho buscou propor uma metodologia de calibracao aplicada a tecnica de moire para investigacoes perfilometricas em prototipos mecânicos buscando baixos custos e flexibilidade. A tecnica de moire consiste na comparacao de dois reticulos periodicos, onde um segue o comportamento da superficie do objeto (reticulo modelo - Rm) e outro nao esta deformado, seguindo o comportamento de um plano de referencia, (reticulo de referencia - Rr). A luz que passa entre os reticulos se sobrepoe formando padroes de moire ou franjas de moire que se comportam como ondas senoidais. Nos ensaios de calibracao, usou-se um cone de relevo conhecido para a determinacao de uma constante de correcao de mapas gerados digitalmente. Os ensaios realizados aplicaram a metodologia para a determinacao do perfil de um mouse de computador e para a determinacao da deformacao de uma chapa metalica. A metodologia proposta para a calibracao da tecnica de moire mostrouse capaz de realizar os mapeamentos, com resolucao maxima na ordem de centesimos de milimetros, podendo entao ser usada em aplicacoes com niveis de precisao inferiores a essa ordem.

Determinação da topografia de uma fruta pela técnica de moiré de sombra com multiplicação de franjas

As tecnicas de moire (TM) sao um conjunto de tecnicas, baseadas no fenomeno de moire, mais comumente utilizadas em perfilometria, devido a sua simplicidade e rapidez de medicao. O fenomeno de moire consiste na interferencia causada pela sobreposicao de duas estruturas periodicas (reticulos), sendo a TM de sombra com multiplicacao de franjas mais sensivel que os metodos tradicionais, alem de diminuir os efeitos da diferenca de iluminacao na superficie do objeto em estudo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho gerar um Modelo Digital de Elevacao (MDE) de uma pera pela TM de sombra com multiplicacao de franjas e compara-lo a um outro modelo gerado a partir de um scanner 3D. Para este trabalho, foram utilizados um modelo de uma pera, em escala 1:1, confeccionado em parafina e um esquema experimental constituido de um reticulo de moire, iluminador e câmera fotografica digital. Pelos resultados, verifica-se uma alta correlacao entre os MDE obtidos pelos dois metodos. A TM de sombra com multiplicacao de franjas gerou um MDE que reproduz satisfatoriamente a topografia da pera.

Fruit Surface Topographic Survey Supported By a Phase Shifting Projection Moiré Technique

The pertinent literature discloses relevant research work on plant organs shape survey, considered important to all sort of crop mechanical handling, aiming mechanical bruising minimization and losses as consequences. A sequence of research work was proposed by Lino et ali, 2002 [3] starting with a topographic survey of a virtual surface (1), followed by a survey of solid symmetric figures surfaces (2), a fruit surface survey (3) and finally, the generation of a 3D digital model (4). In testing virtual surfaces, a Ronchi grid named G1 was generated in a PC, from which other grids referred as G2, G3, and G4 were set out of phase by 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of period from G1. However, in the present case, i.e. the step (3), grid G1 was projected onto a fruit surface instead of being virtually distorted. Projected grid was named Gd. The difference between Gd and G1 followed by filtration, generated de moire fringes M1. The same procedure generated the fringes M2, M3 and M4 from Gd. Fringes are out of phase one from ...

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um secador solar para grãos, associado a silo subterrâneo

Um secador com aquecimento solar, tipo barcaca, com sistema mecânico de descarregamento, foi testado na secagem de graos de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Em comparacao com o sistema tradicional (secagem em terreiro), foram alcancadas reducoes de: 83%, no tempo de secagem; 76% na area necessaria a operacao e 95% no tempo de descarregamento do secador e enchimento do silo respectivo.

Análise da fragmentação de fitomassa realizada por uma roçadora em área com predominância de capim-colonião

The intensity of fragmentation of biomass by a rotary shredder was analyzed according to the size of the cuttings. Prior to shredding, the mass of the green cover per meter square was recorded for 75 equally spaced 1m2 areas. After the operation, the lengths of 100 fragments of the cut material were taken from the same 75 1m2 area samples. Data was processed using descriptive statistics and quality control techniques. The average quantity of biomass was about 1,796 kg.ha-1 with a coefficient of variation of 77.5%. After rotary shredder work the average lengths of fragments was about 19.1 cm with a coefficient of variation of 19.1%. The results showed that the fragmentation was uniforme despite the high variability of the biomass quantity.

Agregação de Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo, após um único cultivo com girassol

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of single sunflower crop on soil aggregation under different tillage systems. Four tillage systems were used: heavy disk harrow + leveling harrow (GA), leveling harrow (GN), sowing on straw (SP) without tillage (PD), in the autumn-winter, and chisel plow + leveling harrow in the spring-summer cultivation, except for PD treatment. The research was conducted under field conditions in Candido Mota and Pedrinhas Paulista, Sao Paulo State. Soybean was sowed in the spring-summer season and sunflower in the autumn-winter. The soil aggregates were evaluated before sowing and after sunflower harvest. The use of sunflower crop induced a better soil aggregation in both places, for all tillage systems.

Application of Phase Shifting Projection Moire on Solid Regular Figures and Plant Organs Three Dimensional Digital Model Generation

The conception of a tridimensional digital model of solid figures and plant organs started from topographic survey of virtual surfaces [1], followed by topographic survey of solid figures [2], fruit surface survey [3] and finally the generation of a 3D digital model [4] as presented by [1]. In this research work, i.e. step number [4] tested objects included cylinders, cubes, spheres and fruits. A Ronchi grid named G1 was generated in a PC, from which other grids referred as G2, G3, and G4 were set out of phase by 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of period from G1. Grid G1 was then projected onto the samples surface. Projected grid was named Gd. The difference between Gd and G1 followed by filtration generated de moire fringes M1 and so on, obtaining the fringes M2, M3 and M4 from Gd. Fringes are out of phase one from each other by 1/4 of period, which were processed by the Rising Sun Moire software to produce packed phase and further on, the unpacked fringes. Tested object was placed on a goniometer and rotate to generat...

Aplication of Phase Shift Projection Moire Technique in Solid Surfaces Topographic Survey

The application of projection moire with phase shift techniques in vegetable organs surface topography survey had to step up basic procedures before reaching significant conclusions. As recommended by [1], the proposed method should be tested on virtual surfaces [1] before being carried on solid symmetric surfaces [2], followed by tests on asymmetric surfaces as fruits [3] and finally a generation of a 3D digital models of solid figures as well as of fruits [4]. In this research, identified as the step [2], tested objects included cylinders, cubes and spheres. In this sense a Ronchi grid named G1 was generated in a PC, from which other grids referred as G2, G3, and G4 were set out of phase by 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of period from G1. Grid G1 was then projected onto the samples surface instead of being virtually distorted, receiving the name of Gd. The difference between Gd and G1, G2, G3, and G4 followed by filtration generated the moire fringes M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively. Fringes are out of phase one from ...