Cláudio Alves Moreira

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um secador solar para grãos, associado a silo subterrâneo

Um secador com aquecimento solar, tipo barcaca, com sistema mecânico de descarregamento, foi testado na secagem de graos de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Em comparacao com o sistema tradicional (secagem em terreiro), foram alcancadas reducoes de: 83%, no tempo de secagem; 76% na area necessaria a operacao e 95% no tempo de descarregamento do secador e enchimento do silo respectivo.

Comportamento de variedades paulistas de algodoeiro em face das colheitas manual e mecânica

Effects of harvesting practices on the properties of cotton fibers and yarn, yield and grade were studied for three comercial varieties: IAC 13-1, IAC RM3 and IAC RM4-SM5. The results obtained point out that there was no interation between harvesting practices and varieties. Hand-picked cotton always gave better yield during ginning, with less percentage of breaking. With exception of micronaire, that was better for machine-picked cotton, no difference was observed for the other tecnological properties, when hand-picked cotton and machine-picked cotton were compared. The average grade index for all the experiments was about one grade and a half better for the lint of hand-picked cotton.

Influência do tipo de colheita e de beneficiamento, na qualidade da fibra e do fio de algodão

Sao relatados e discutidos os efeitos de colheita manual e mecânica na qualidade da fibra e do fio do algodao e a influencia do beneficiamento em maquinas descarocadoras de rolo e de serras, sendo esta ultima equipada para pre e pos-limpeza do algodao, especial para beneficiamento de algodao colhido mecanicamente. Os ensaios foram conduzidos no ano de 1970/71, em Araras e Paranapanema. A colheita mecânica nao afetou a qualidade da fibra ou do fio, sendo inclusive superior a manual para comprimento de fibra, em Paranapanema, e para micronaire, em Araras. O beneficiamento em maquinas descarocadoras de serras prejudicou sempre a qualidade da fibra e do fio. A caracteristica de resistencia da fibra medida pelo aparelho Pressley nao foi afetada.

Avaliação da proteção de eixos cardan agrícola em campo

The power take-off (PTO) shafts, is one of the main ways to transfer power from the tractor to drive implements. To avoid accidents the PTO shaft must be covered with a protective shield device which consists of: a) cones at each end of the driveshaft; b) a protective cover along the telescopic tube; c) restraining devices (chain or other type) and d) pictograms or safety signs. The aim of this study was to verify the conditions of use of the guards for drive shafts in farms of São Paulo. From 112 tractor-implement set analyzed, 77 showed some device featured as “protection” of the drive shaft. In this research, the cones, the tubes, the restraining devices and safety signs were observed to identify the condition (integrity, damage, absence) of each part. From components analyzed, the cones and the tubes showed to be the most damage (63.6 and 71.4%, respectively). The most common damage of cones was cracks, cuts and dents. Also lashing with wire or rope and improvisations with plastic containers were found. Some tubes were incomplete, cut and found rotating free release on the drive shaft. In the case of restraint devices (little chain) and of pictograms, the absence (50.6 and 53.2%, respectively) is the most critical situation. Also improvisations of the restraining device made with wires and ropes were noticed. The low percentage of the condition “intact” points out to

Assessment of agricultural power take-off (pto) drive shafts guards in field conditions

The power take-off (PTO) shafts, is one of the main ways to transfer power from the tractor to drive implements. To avoid accidents the PTO shaft must be covered with a protective shield device which consists of: a) cones at each end of the driveshaft; b) a protective cover along the telescopic tube; c) restraining devices (chain or other type) and d) pictograms or safety signs. The aim of this study was to verify the conditions of use of the guards for drive shafts in farms of Sao Paulo. From 112 tractor-implement set analyzed, 77 showed some device featured as “protection” of the drive shaft. In this research, the cones, the tubes, the restraining devices and safety signs were observed to identify the condition (integrity, damage, absence) of each part. From components analyzed, the cones and the tubes showed to be the most damage (63.6 and 71.4%, respectively). The most common damage of cones was cracks, cuts and dents. Also lashing with wire or rope and improvisations with plastic containers were found. Some tubes were incomplete, cut and found rotating free release on the drive shaft. In the case of restraint devices (little chain) and of pictograms, the absence (50.6 and 53.2%, respectively) is the most critical situation. Also improvisations of the restraining device made with wires and ropes were noticed. The low percentage of the condition “intact” points out to the poor quality of the protective material, confirmed by claims of users who say that some guards last less than six months and that it does not encourage them to replace them when damaged.

QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DA UVA E PERFIL SENSORIAL VÍNICO PARA DIFERENTES CULTIVARES DE VIDEIRA SUBMETIDAS À PODA MECANIZADA

Studies over the globe have shown that mechanical pruning, among other management processes of the vine, are suitable for obtaining vineyards well trained and stands with grape quality equivalent or superior to those conducted under manual handling, specially, with the economy of man power and financial capital. Information about the pruning techniques that directly influence the canopy ecophysiology, grape composition and quality of grape and its by-products are available for traditional manual handling, but are scarce for a mechanized conditions, in Brazil. An experiment was conducted with Vitissp. and Vitis vinifera aiming to study the impact of initial adoption of mechanical pruning, on the grape composition, quality and sensory profile of wines produced in the experiment. The results showed that the application of mechanical pruning in traditional vineyards caused small fluctuations in the quality of grapes, in two analyzed seasons.

Equipamento para ensaios estáticos de transmissões a cardan

Os componentes das transmissoes a cardan, utilizados intensivamente nas areas automotiva e agricola, estao sujeitos a cargas torcionais, axiais e de flexao, as quais podem ser estudadas em banco dinamometrico. Descreve-se neste trabalho o projeto de equipamento para ensaios estaticos, no qual torques relativamente altos, na arvore de saida, necessarios nos ensaios em questao, sao obtidos por meio de dois redutores de rosca-sem-fim, a partir de torques baixos, impressos na arvore de entrada por uma alavanca de acionamento manual. Uma celula de carga indica a forca aplicada a um braco de alavanca, enquanto um goniometro indica o ângulo de torcao correspondente a deformacao do especime testado. O equipamento foi submetido a testes experimentais a fim de ajustar e comprovar sua resistencia mecânica e detectar possiveis deformacoes na sua estrutura, alcancado-se torque maximo de 3.139 N*m (320 kgf*m). Analisaram-se, tambem, as magnitudes de erros provaveis.

Mounted implement dynamometry: a simplified solution

An intermediary tower-articulated arm device, for attachment to three-point hitch of mounted implements, with ground whells, more specifically, multiple row seed-planters, was developed and tested on draft determination works. A single ring with electrical extensometers connected in full bridge, was used for sense traction compression efforts, anchored by flexible steel cables between the implement bar and the base of the intermediary tower. Designed for works on tie range of 0-6,000N, submitted to static calibration tests, showed high linearity, with R = 0.9997, an excellent zero return and a resolution of around 70N. A seven row seed-planter was then tested in two sites, firm ground, plane and inclined, and plane, prepared for planting. Draft values from the two first conditions were highly consistent with results obtained from simple theoretical calculus. This, allied to its simplicity of conception, confers to tire device a great deal of reliability. Its use alters the tractor-implement geometry, not being a major problem if there is interest on draft efforts only, for these kind of implements. Results from works in the site prepared for planting, so different from literature citations, say about of convenience of sistematic work for the knowledge of real draft requirements of mounted implements in our conditions.

Three soil management systems in corn crop: a comparative study in State of São Paulo, Brazil

Three crop production systems (namely conventional, reduced tillage and no-till) were compared as to yields, fuel consumption, and number of machine hours per hectare in a five-year experiment (1979/80 to 1982/83) carried out at the Experiment Station in Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. No significant differences among treatments were detected in the yields, althought they came up in fuel consumption and number of machine hours. The performance of a disc cultivator was also evaluated. The no-till system showed the least values for fuel consumption and number of machine hours, while the reduced tillage showed intermediate results and the conventional system the highest values. The disc cultivator in the no-till system demonstrated the possibility of eliminating the use of herbicides in the inter-row cultivation. Once the three systems showed significant differences in fuel consumption and number of machine hours per hectare but not in the yields, both factors could be taken in consideration in the adoption of one of the systems evaluated.Tres sistemas de manejo do solo em cultura do milho (cultivo convencional, cultivo reduzido e plantio direto) foram comparados do ponto de vista de consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional, mediante a analise de resultados de experimentos realizados em campo de producao da Estacao Experimental de Jundiai, com duracao de cinco anos (de 1978/79 a 1982/83). A produtividade, tambem objeto de analise, foi tomada como fator condicionante. Nao foram constatadas diferencas significativas entre os tres sistemas quanto a produtividade, tendo, porem, os mesmos diferido entre si quanto ao consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional. O sistema que apresentou menor consumo e exigiu o menor numero de horas de trabalho por hectare foi o plantio direto, seguido pelos cultivos reduzido e convencional. O desempenho satisfatorio de um cultivador de discos inicialmente desenvolvido para o plantio direto tomou desnecessario o uso de herbicidas na fase de pos-plantio, pratica normalmente empregada no plantio direto. O fato de os sistemas de manejo terem diferido entre si quanto ao consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional indica que esses fois fatores podem ser considerados numa analise mais ampla para a escolha de um deles.

Comparação entre três sistemas de manejo do solo em cultura de milho

Three crop production systems (namely conventional, reduced tillage and no-till) were compared as to yields, fuel consumption, and number of machine hours per hectare in a five-year experiment (1979/80 to 1982/83) carried out at the Experiment Station in Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. No significant differences among treatments were detected in the yields, althought they came up in fuel consumption and number of machine hours. The performance of a disc cultivator was also evaluated. The no-till system showed the least values for fuel consumption and number of machine hours, while the reduced tillage showed intermediate results and the conventional system the highest values. The disc cultivator in the no-till system demonstrated the possibility of eliminating the use of herbicides in the inter-row cultivation. Once the three systems showed significant differences in fuel consumption and number of machine hours per hectare but not in the yields, both factors could be taken in consideration in the adoption of one of the systems evaluated.Tres sistemas de manejo do solo em cultura do milho (cultivo convencional, cultivo reduzido e plantio direto) foram comparados do ponto de vista de consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional, mediante a analise de resultados de experimentos realizados em campo de producao da Estacao Experimental de Jundiai, com duracao de cinco anos (de 1978/79 a 1982/83). A produtividade, tambem objeto de analise, foi tomada como fator condicionante. Nao foram constatadas diferencas significativas entre os tres sistemas quanto a produtividade, tendo, porem, os mesmos diferido entre si quanto ao consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional. O sistema que apresentou menor consumo e exigiu o menor numero de horas de trabalho por hectare foi o plantio direto, seguido pelos cultivos reduzido e convencional. O desempenho satisfatorio de um cultivador de discos inicialmente desenvolvido para o plantio direto tomou desnecessario o uso de herbicidas na fase de pos-plantio, pratica normalmente empregada no plantio direto. O fato de os sistemas de manejo terem diferido entre si quanto ao consumo de combustivel e rendimento operacional indica que esses fois fatores podem ser considerados numa analise mais ampla para a escolha de um deles.