Moises Storino

Desempenho de motor diesel com misturas de biodiesel de óleo de girassol

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho avaliar o uso de misturas de biodiesel de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) e diesel no desempenho de um motor de ignicao por compressao, injecao direta. Os ensaios foram realizados em bancada dinamometrica utilizando-se as misturas B5, B10, B20 e B100 em comparacao ao diesel (D). Foi analisado o desempenho do motor atraves da tomada de potencia (TDP) com cada combustivel, e analisado o oleo lubrificante do motor antes e apos 96 horas de uso com B100. Os resultados obtidos foram: D (40,7 kW; 271 g/kW.h); B5 (40,3 kW; 271 g/kW.h); B10 (39,8 kW; 277 g/kW.h); B20 (40,0 kW; 277 g/kW.h) e B100 (39,8 kW; 291 g/kW.h). Concluiu-se que o uso das misturas B5, B10, B20 e B100 proporcionou reducao de no maximo 2,2 % na potencia na TDP e um aumento maximo de 7,3 %, no consumo especifico de combustivel. A analise do oleo lubrificante, antes e apos o uso com B100, detectou alteracoes aceitaveis, sendo a viscosidade, a presenca de agua e o teor de ferro os parâmetros mais expressivamente alterados.

Indicadores ambientais para áreas de preservação permanente

Apesar da conscientizacao pelas questoes ambientais, existe uma crescente pressao sobre os recursos naturais. A analise do uso e da ocupacao das terras e um ponto de partida para adequacao do ambiente antropico cuja capacidade de suporte e, portanto, fundamental para a criacao de modelos de gestao. O trabalho trata de uma pesquisa que utiliza o geoprocessamento e a gestao de informacoes do uso e ocupacao para estudos ambientais. O objetivo foi selecionar indicadores para gestao das Areas de Preservacao Permanente (APP) e aprimoramento do uso de informacoes para gestao ambiental. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrografica do rio Jundiai-Mirim, Jundiai, SP; utilizaram-se os dados de um levantamento previo das suas condicoes ambientais. A tecnica empregada permitiu a selecao de oito indicadores que se mostraram capazes de caracterizar o estado das areas avaliadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que somente 44,6% da APP se encontram em conformidade com a legislacao.

Sistema de aquisição automatica de dados para o gerenciamento de operações mecanizadas

AUTOMATIC DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR MECHANIZATION MANAGEMENT To spread out and to popularize the information management techniques in agriculture, efforts are necessary to provide the user with analysis and operational evaluation tools. The versatility of agricultural tractor becomes an enormous source of information; if it is well obtained, analyzed and interpreted, it can subsidize the farm management. This work presents the development of an automatic acquisition data system projected for field information. The system was conceived to determine the position of the vehicle using global positioning system (GPS), fuel consumption , engine rotation, and forward speed. This data set permits the statistical control the operational parameters and generates reports with the main management indicators as field capacity, and work conditions. Its spatial treatment makes possible the creation of a database that associated to other sources of information can facilitate the management of the agricultural activity and the use of natural resources. Experiments had been carried out to test the system and confrontation with other techniques of the fuel consumption estimation , engine rotation and the forward speed.

Mistura de biodiesel de sebo bovino em motor diesel durante 600 horas

Biodiesel from beef tallow has been considered a low-cost and high availability alternative due to be residue from the Brazilian livestock production, one of the worlds largest. Papers that show the use of biodiesel from beef tallow in diesel engine are rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blend of biodiesel from beef tallow (B5) in commercial diesel oil on engine performance, analyzing possible internal consequences and characteristics of lubricating oil after the prolonged use in a diesel engine. Engine performance was evaluated through tractor power take off (PTO) tests. The engine was operated for 600 hours. Power and fuel consumption were measured. Samples of lubricating oil were analyzed by the end of each 100 partial hours. At the end of the test the engine was opened and visually inspected. Analysis of engine lubricating oil has showed critical level of contamination after 400 hours but the visual inspection of engine did not detect any internal wear. The engine performance was satisfactory although there was tendency of reduction in power and increase on fuel consumption along the 600 hours.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um secador solar para grãos, associado a silo subterrâneo

Um secador com aquecimento solar, tipo barcaca, com sistema mecânico de descarregamento, foi testado na secagem de graos de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Em comparacao com o sistema tradicional (secagem em terreiro), foram alcancadas reducoes de: 83%, no tempo de secagem; 76% na area necessaria a operacao e 95% no tempo de descarregamento do secador e enchimento do silo respectivo.

Análise da fragmentação de fitomassa realizada por uma roçadora em área com predominância de capim-colonião

The intensity of fragmentation of biomass by a rotary shredder was analyzed according to the size of the cuttings. Prior to shredding, the mass of the green cover per meter square was recorded for 75 equally spaced 1m2 areas. After the operation, the lengths of 100 fragments of the cut material were taken from the same 75 1m2 area samples. Data was processed using descriptive statistics and quality control techniques. The average quantity of biomass was about 1,796 kg.ha-1 with a coefficient of variation of 77.5%. After rotary shredder work the average lengths of fragments was about 19.1 cm with a coefficient of variation of 19.1%. The results showed that the fragmentation was uniforme despite the high variability of the biomass quantity.

Environmental diagnosis in areas with different use and occupation using the perception of diverse biological activity

In Brazil, the degradation of soil and landscape by urban and agricultural frontiers expansion leads to the need for comprehensive studies and consider the diverse biological activities generated from different interventions in the landscape, becoming an instrument for assessing the impacts and the decision for its environmental management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different forms of occupation of the landscape, considering ecological elements and their interactions. The work was carried out on the Instituto Agronomico in the county of Jundiai, in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The area under study has been subjected to different use and occupancy for a period of about 40 years. During this period the landscape has been transformed, with the current scenario can be classified as a degraded area mining; grassy area; Araucaria forest and pasture. These areas were evaluated by means of a transect, from which ten sampling sites were selected for the description of diverse biological activities, which included: evaluation and description of ground cover, identifying the presence of fungus and insect species. Furthermore, we evaluated in these points the pH, fertility and porosity of the topsoil (0-0.10 m). The results showed a variation of the elements analyzed and a relationship between the use and occupation of land in the different scenarios of Environmental Impact 129 www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 162,