Antonio Carlos Silva-Filho

Autonomic modulation analysis in active and sedentary kidney transplanted recipients

Modulation of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate can be compromised in chronic kidney disease and may result in changes in the frequency and duration of the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate autonomic modulation in active and sedentary renal transplant recipients. Twenty renal‐transplanted individuals were analyzed at the Centro de Prevenção de Doenças Renais (Kidney Disease Education Centre), in the academic hospital of Universidade Federal do Maranhão, and were divided into the active group (AG) and the sedentary group (SG). The AG comprised of six men and four women (age 43.10 ± 13.02) and was in regular concurrent training intervention for 8 weeks, while the SG was composed of three men and seven women (age 36.8 ± 9.26). Analysis of heart rate (HR) variability in time and frequency domain demonstrated that HR mean values in the SG and AG were 787.32 ± 79.60 and 870 ± 106.66 ms, respectively. Differences were observed in the time domain and frequency domain. The total index of low frequency and high frequency showed no differences between the SG and AG. Biochemical variables presented significantly lower levels after 8 weeks of training. Higher heart rate variability in the time domain and greater vagal modulation was observed in the AG. The AG ad greater vagal modulation when compared to the SG, with removal of the sympathetic and increased parasympathetic in the behaviour was confirmed by sympatho‐vagal balance. The AG also presented significant improvements in the frequency domain.

Effect of exercise training in heart rate variability, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in kidney recipients: A preliminary study

The aim of this study was to compare the sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and autonomic function of a group of kidney-transplanted recipients who joined a combined exercise program (KTRt) or remained sedentary (KTRs). A total of 20 kidney-transplanted recipients, split into two groups (10 KTRt and 10 KTRs), joined the study. Heart rate variability, cardiorespiratory capacity, depression, and sleep questionnaires were evaluated. KTRt presented lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and greater entropy, and increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic modulation than KTRs. Anxiety level was minimal and depression was absent in both groups. KTRt group presented better sleep quality and better autonomic modulation than KTRs.

Short-term combined exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation in cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapy

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a short-term exercise training (ET) on the cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation of women with breast cancer who were receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormonotherapy. Eighteen women previously diagnosed with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy were randomly allocated into breast cancer nonexercise (BC) and exercise groups (BC+Ex). Moreover, nine healthy physically inactive volunteers were recruited to compose the noncancer control group (CG). The BC+Ex group was underwent to a combined ET program, which was based on resistance, aerobic and flexibility exercises. ET was performed 3 times a week, on nonconsecutive days, for 4 weeks at the hospital room under the professional supervision. In turn, BC and CG remained without be engaged in physical exercise programs. Volunteers were evaluated regarding their cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation (i.e., time, frequency domains, and nonlinear [symbolic analysis]) before and after the end of the ET program. A priori, data indicate that women patients with breast cancer showed impaired exercise tolerance, as well as autonomic dysfunction in comparison with age-matched healthy control subjects. However, a 1-month combined ET program could reverse such impairments, so that after the intervention, BC+Ex and CG showing similar results in the cardiorespiratory test and heart rate variability analysis. In conclusion, data of the current study indicate that 1 month of ET is able to reverse impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and autonomic modulation in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant therapy.

Race in a hot environment changes the leukocyte profile in healthy trained subjects

Objetivos: Analisar os efeitos de uma corrida de 15 km ao ar livre em ambiente de alta temperatura na modulacao da leucocitose em homens saudaveis treinados em corrida. Metodos: A amostra foi composta por 14 homens que participavam de um grupo de corrida recreativo. Foram incluidos voluntarios que declarassem ser capazes de percorrer a distância minima de 15 km, nao estivessem tomando nenhum medicamento imunossupressor e nao tivessem nenhuma doenca infecciosa. Os criterios de exclusao foram hipertensao arterial em repouso antes da corrida, historico de doencas osteomioarticulares, metabolicas e/ou cardiovasculares, e nao completar o percurso da corrida. Amostras de sangue venoso antes e apos a corrida foram coletadas para determinacao do hematocrito e contagem de celulas imunes por imunocitoquimica. Resultados: Observou-se aumento no numero de leucocitos totais e neutrofilos no momento pos corrida (9,31±2,4 x10³ celulas/µL e 7,64±3,4 x10³ celulas/µL respectivamente) em comparacao ao momento pre corrida (5,52±0.2 x10³ celulas/µL e 2,90±0,6 x10³ celulas/µL respectivamente) (p 0,05). Conclusoes: A corrida de 15 km ao ar livre, em ambiente de alta temperatura, induziu a uma cinetica leucocitaria tipica, com leucocitose as custas do aumento no numero de neutrofilos, assim como queda no numero de linfocitos e eosinofilos, em homens saudaveis com previo treinamento em corrida. Estes resultados ajudam a compreender melhor a leucocitose induzida pelo exercicio e podem indicar a intensidade do estresse promovido pelo exercicio em condicoes ambientais extremas.