Herikson Araújo Costa

Autonomic modulation analysis in active and sedentary kidney transplanted recipients

Modulation of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate can be compromised in chronic kidney disease and may result in changes in the frequency and duration of the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate autonomic modulation in active and sedentary renal transplant recipients. Twenty renal‐transplanted individuals were analyzed at the Centro de Prevenção de Doenças Renais (Kidney Disease Education Centre), in the academic hospital of Universidade Federal do Maranhão, and were divided into the active group (AG) and the sedentary group (SG). The AG comprised of six men and four women (age 43.10 ± 13.02) and was in regular concurrent training intervention for 8 weeks, while the SG was composed of three men and seven women (age 36.8 ± 9.26). Analysis of heart rate (HR) variability in time and frequency domain demonstrated that HR mean values in the SG and AG were 787.32 ± 79.60 and 870 ± 106.66 ms, respectively. Differences were observed in the time domain and frequency domain. The total index of low frequency and high frequency showed no differences between the SG and AG. Biochemical variables presented significantly lower levels after 8 weeks of training. Higher heart rate variability in the time domain and greater vagal modulation was observed in the AG. The AG ad greater vagal modulation when compared to the SG, with removal of the sympathetic and increased parasympathetic in the behaviour was confirmed by sympatho‐vagal balance. The AG also presented significant improvements in the frequency domain.

P16INK4a expression in patients with penile cancer

Background Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is reported to be present in 30–50% of penile cancer cases. The immunohistochemical test for p16INK4a is used as an indicator of the presence of HPV and as a prognostic marker for squamous cell carcinomas in various sites. However, the role of this marker in penile carcinoma has not yet been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the expression of p16INK4a is associated with the presence of HPV, histological parameters, and survival in penile cancer. Methods A study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 that included 55 patients with penile carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected through PCR using fresh tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry was performed for analysis of p16INK4a protein using paraffin-embedded tissue. Evaluation of histological parameters was performed following complete embedding of the tumor tissue in paraffin. Results HPV DNA (low-risk and high-risk genotypes) was found in 49 (89.1%) cases, and 46/49 (93.9%) showed high-oncogenic risk HPV (HR-HPV). Of the 22 cases positive for p16INK4a, HR-HPV DNA was present in 21 (95.5%) (p = 0.032). Regarding histological parameters, p16INK4a and HR-HPV were significantly associated only with tumor subtype (p = 0.036 and p = 0.032, respectively); all carcinomas with basaloid characteristics were positive for p16INK4a. Although HPV+ patients had a higher disease-free survival (p <0.001), p16INK4a expression was not associated with patient survival. Conclusions Our study, using fresh tissue samples, showed the highest incidence of HPV compared to that observed in the literature. Expression of the p16INK4a protein was significantly associated with the presence of HR-HPV and this expression may serve as a marker for the presence of the virus. The p16INK4a protein was not associated with the histological prognostic parameters, with the exception of tumor subtype, nor with patient survival. In the results, we showed that the objective of the present study was reached.

Race in a hot environment changes the leukocyte profile in healthy trained subjects

Objetivos: Analisar os efeitos de uma corrida de 15 km ao ar livre em ambiente de alta temperatura na modulacao da leucocitose em homens saudaveis treinados em corrida. Metodos: A amostra foi composta por 14 homens que participavam de um grupo de corrida recreativo. Foram incluidos voluntarios que declarassem ser capazes de percorrer a distância minima de 15 km, nao estivessem tomando nenhum medicamento imunossupressor e nao tivessem nenhuma doenca infecciosa. Os criterios de exclusao foram hipertensao arterial em repouso antes da corrida, historico de doencas osteomioarticulares, metabolicas e/ou cardiovasculares, e nao completar o percurso da corrida. Amostras de sangue venoso antes e apos a corrida foram coletadas para determinacao do hematocrito e contagem de celulas imunes por imunocitoquimica. Resultados: Observou-se aumento no numero de leucocitos totais e neutrofilos no momento pos corrida (9,31±2,4 x10³ celulas/µL e 7,64±3,4 x10³ celulas/µL respectivamente) em comparacao ao momento pre corrida (5,52±0.2 x10³ celulas/µL e 2,90±0,6 x10³ celulas/µL respectivamente) (p 0,05). Conclusoes: A corrida de 15 km ao ar livre, em ambiente de alta temperatura, induziu a uma cinetica leucocitaria tipica, com leucocitose as custas do aumento no numero de neutrofilos, assim como queda no numero de linfocitos e eosinofilos, em homens saudaveis com previo treinamento em corrida. Estes resultados ajudam a compreender melhor a leucocitose induzida pelo exercicio e podem indicar a intensidade do estresse promovido pelo exercicio em condicoes ambientais extremas.

Estado de hidratación de atletas en carrera de calle de 15 km bajo elevado estrés térmico

INTRODUCTION: An adequate hydration status is of utmost importance to participants of street running, both for better sports performance and to preventi disorders caused by heat. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the hydration status of males on a 15 km street race. METHODS: The sample consisted of 15 males (37.67 ± 7.22 years old) habitual street runners. The hydration status was evaluated before and after the race by the following parameters: body weight, color and urine specific gravity (USG), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). In data analysis, the paired Student t-test or the Wilcoxon test were used, setting as statistically significant p <0.01. RESULTS: There was a decrease in body weight of the subjects after the race (p <0.0001), as well as an increase in Hb and Ht. Despite the observed decrease in USG after exercise, there was no significant improvement in the standard of urine color or difference between the initial and final contents of total body water. The room temperature (RT) and relative humidity (RH) were 38.75±1.79°C and 37.37±4.66%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The exercise in the environment at issue led the individuals to a state of dehydration, only detected by the analysis of variation in body weight and blood parameters such as Hb and Ht. Urinary parameters such as urine color and USG, as well as those obtained by BIA, were probably confused by variables that were not controlled by the present study.INTRODUCAO: Um adequado estado de hidratacao e de suma importância para os participantes de corridas de rua, tanto para um melhor desempenho esportivo, quanto na prevencao dos disturbios causados pelo calor. OBJETIVO: O estudo visa avaliar o estado de hidratacao de individuos do sexo masculino em corrida de rua de 15 km. METODOS: A amostra foi composta por 15 individuos do sexo masculino (37,67±7,22 anos) praticantes habituais de corrida de rua. O estado de hidratacao foi avaliado antes e apos a corrida atraves dos seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal, coloracao e gravidade especifica da urina (GEU), analise da impedância bioeletrica (BIA), niveis de hemoglobina (Hb) e hematocrito (Ht). Na analise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado ou o teste de Wilcoxon, aceitando-se como estatisticamente significante p < 0,01. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuicao do peso corporal dos individuos apos a corrida (p<0,0001), assim como elevacao dos niveis de Hb e Ht. Apesar da diminuicao observada na GEU apos o exercicio, nao houve melhora significativa do padrao de coloracao da urina ou diferenca entre o conteudo inicial e final de agua corporal total. A temperatura ambiente (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (URA) foram de 38,75±1,79°C e 37,37±4,66%, respectivamente. CONCLUSAO: O exercicio no ambiente em questao conduziu os individuos a um estado de desidratacao, apenas detectado pela analise da variacao do peso corporal e de parâmetros sanguineos atraves dos niveis de Hb e Ht. Parâmetros urinarios como a coloracao da urina e GEU, assim como aqueles obtidos atraves da BIA, provavelmente foram confundidos por variaveis nao controladas pelo presente estudo.

Estado de hidratação de atletas em corrida de rua de 15 km sob elevado estresse térmico

INTRODUCTION: An adequate hydration status is of utmost importance to participants of street running, both for better sports performance and to preventi disorders caused by heat. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the hydration status of males on a 15 km street race. METHODS: The sample consisted of 15 males (37.67 ± 7.22 years old) habitual street runners. The hydration status was evaluated before and after the race by the following parameters: body weight, color and urine specific gravity (USG), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). In data analysis, the paired Student t-test or the Wilcoxon test were used, setting as statistically significant p <0.01. RESULTS: There was a decrease in body weight of the subjects after the race (p <0.0001), as well as an increase in Hb and Ht. Despite the observed decrease in USG after exercise, there was no significant improvement in the standard of urine color or difference between the initial and final contents of total body water. The room temperature (RT) and relative humidity (RH) were 38.75±1.79°C and 37.37±4.66%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The exercise in the environment at issue led the individuals to a state of dehydration, only detected by the analysis of variation in body weight and blood parameters such as Hb and Ht. Urinary parameters such as urine color and USG, as well as those obtained by BIA, were probably confused by variables that were not controlled by the present study.INTRODUCAO: Um adequado estado de hidratacao e de suma importância para os participantes de corridas de rua, tanto para um melhor desempenho esportivo, quanto na prevencao dos disturbios causados pelo calor. OBJETIVO: O estudo visa avaliar o estado de hidratacao de individuos do sexo masculino em corrida de rua de 15 km. METODOS: A amostra foi composta por 15 individuos do sexo masculino (37,67±7,22 anos) praticantes habituais de corrida de rua. O estado de hidratacao foi avaliado antes e apos a corrida atraves dos seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal, coloracao e gravidade especifica da urina (GEU), analise da impedância bioeletrica (BIA), niveis de hemoglobina (Hb) e hematocrito (Ht). Na analise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado ou o teste de Wilcoxon, aceitando-se como estatisticamente significante p < 0,01. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuicao do peso corporal dos individuos apos a corrida (p<0,0001), assim como elevacao dos niveis de Hb e Ht. Apesar da diminuicao observada na GEU apos o exercicio, nao houve melhora significativa do padrao de coloracao da urina ou diferenca entre o conteudo inicial e final de agua corporal total. A temperatura ambiente (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (URA) foram de 38,75±1,79°C e 37,37±4,66%, respectivamente. CONCLUSAO: O exercicio no ambiente em questao conduziu os individuos a um estado de desidratacao, apenas detectado pela analise da variacao do peso corporal e de parâmetros sanguineos atraves dos niveis de Hb e Ht. Parâmetros urinarios como a coloracao da urina e GEU, assim como aqueles obtidos atraves da BIA, provavelmente foram confundidos por variaveis nao controladas pelo presente estudo.

Hydration status in athletes on 15 km street race under elevated heat stress

INTRODUCTION: An adequate hydration status is of utmost importance to participants of street running, both for better sports performance and to preventi disorders caused by heat. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the hydration status of males on a 15 km street race. METHODS: The sample consisted of 15 males (37.67 ± 7.22 years old) habitual street runners. The hydration status was evaluated before and after the race by the following parameters: body weight, color and urine specific gravity (USG), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). In data analysis, the paired Student t-test or the Wilcoxon test were used, setting as statistically significant p <0.01. RESULTS: There was a decrease in body weight of the subjects after the race (p <0.0001), as well as an increase in Hb and Ht. Despite the observed decrease in USG after exercise, there was no significant improvement in the standard of urine color or difference between the initial and final contents of total body water. The room temperature (RT) and relative humidity (RH) were 38.75±1.79°C and 37.37±4.66%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The exercise in the environment at issue led the individuals to a state of dehydration, only detected by the analysis of variation in body weight and blood parameters such as Hb and Ht. Urinary parameters such as urine color and USG, as well as those obtained by BIA, were probably confused by variables that were not controlled by the present study.INTRODUCAO: Um adequado estado de hidratacao e de suma importância para os participantes de corridas de rua, tanto para um melhor desempenho esportivo, quanto na prevencao dos disturbios causados pelo calor. OBJETIVO: O estudo visa avaliar o estado de hidratacao de individuos do sexo masculino em corrida de rua de 15 km. METODOS: A amostra foi composta por 15 individuos do sexo masculino (37,67±7,22 anos) praticantes habituais de corrida de rua. O estado de hidratacao foi avaliado antes e apos a corrida atraves dos seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal, coloracao e gravidade especifica da urina (GEU), analise da impedância bioeletrica (BIA), niveis de hemoglobina (Hb) e hematocrito (Ht). Na analise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado ou o teste de Wilcoxon, aceitando-se como estatisticamente significante p < 0,01. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuicao do peso corporal dos individuos apos a corrida (p<0,0001), assim como elevacao dos niveis de Hb e Ht. Apesar da diminuicao observada na GEU apos o exercicio, nao houve melhora significativa do padrao de coloracao da urina ou diferenca entre o conteudo inicial e final de agua corporal total. A temperatura ambiente (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (URA) foram de 38,75±1,79°C e 37,37±4,66%, respectivamente. CONCLUSAO: O exercicio no ambiente em questao conduziu os individuos a um estado de desidratacao, apenas detectado pela analise da variacao do peso corporal e de parâmetros sanguineos atraves dos niveis de Hb e Ht. Parâmetros urinarios como a coloracao da urina e GEU, assim como aqueles obtidos atraves da BIA, provavelmente foram confundidos por variaveis nao controladas pelo presente estudo.

Desidratação e balanço hídrico em meia maratona

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of dehydration from the hydric balance and density of urine (Du) in half marathon runners. The study included 18 male subjects. The fluid intake was “ad libitum” and was held in Du analysis at the beginning and at the end of the race, as well as measurements of weight and height. Environmental conditions (33,30 ± 5,30 oC and 57,50 ± 13,60% of URA) were recorded by digital hygrometer. The subjects began and finished the study dehydrated, and showed a significant difference in body weight (4,11%). We conclude that the fluid intake “ad libitum” was not sufficient to maintain hydric balance.

Dehydration and water balance in half marathon

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of dehydration from the hydric balance and density of urine (Du) in half marathon runners. The study included 18 male subjects. The fluid intake was “ad libitum” and was held in Du analysis at the beginning and at the end of the race, as well as measurements of weight and height. Environmental conditions (33,30 ± 5,30 oC and 57,50 ± 13,60% of URA) were recorded by digital hygrometer. The subjects began and finished the study dehydrated, and showed a significant difference in body weight (4,11%). We conclude that the fluid intake “ad libitum” was not sufficient to maintain hydric balance.

Deshidratación y el balance hídrico em media maratón

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of dehydration from the hydric balance and density of urine (Du) in half marathon runners. The study included 18 male subjects. The fluid intake was “ad libitum” and was held in Du analysis at the beginning and at the end of the race, as well as measurements of weight and height. Environmental conditions (33,30 ± 5,30 oC and 57,50 ± 13,60% of URA) were recorded by digital hygrometer. The subjects began and finished the study dehydrated, and showed a significant difference in body weight (4,11%). We conclude that the fluid intake “ad libitum” was not sufficient to maintain hydric balance.