Emanuel Péricles Salvador

Influência do processo de familiarização para avaliação da força muscular em testes de 1-RM

RESUMENInfluencia del proceso de familiarizacion para evaluacion de lafuerza muscular en tests de 1-RM Embora la utilizacion de tests de una repeticion maxima (1-RM)es frecuente para la evaluacion de la fuerza muscular, se acreditaque los resultados obtenidos puedan ser afectados por la falta defamiliarizacion previa, hasta mismo en sujetos con experiencia enejercicios con pesos. Asi, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigarel impacto del proceso de familiarizacion para evaluacion de la fuerzamuscular en tests de 1-RM. Por lo tanto, 21 hombres (24,5 ± 3,8anos), aparentemente saludables con experiencia previa de por lomenos seis meses de entrenamiento con pesos, fueron someti-dos a tests reptitivos de 1-RM en los ejercicios supino en bancohorizontal, agachamiento y rosca directa de biceps. Los tests fue-ran ejecutados en cuatro sesiones, intervaladas en cada 48-72 ho-ras. Un numero maximo de tres tentativas, con intervalo de tres acinco minutos para recuperacion, fue utilizado en cada ejercicio,en las cuatro sessiones de testeo. ANOVA se utilizo para medidasrepetidas, seguida por el test post hoc de Tukey, cuando p ≤ 0,05,fue utilizada para el tratamiento de los datos. Aumentos significan-tes en la fuerza muscular (p ≤ 0,01) fueron encontrados los tresejercicios analizados entre la primera y la cuarta sesion de familia-rizacion (2,4% en supino en banco horizontal, 3,4% en agacha-miento y 5,4% en la rosca directa del biceps). Todavia, ningunadiferencia estadisticamente significativamente fuera encontradaentre la segunda y la cuarta sesion de familiarizacion en la roscadirecta de biceps (p > 0,05), bien con entre la tercera y la cuartasesion en el supino en el banco horizontal y en el agachamiento ( p> 0,05). Los resultados indican que la falta de familiarizacion previacon tests de 1-RM puede comprometer la evaluacion de la fuerzamuscular. Por lo tanto, se sugiere para la evaluacion mas acuradade la fuerza muscular mediante tests de 1-RM la ejecucion de dosa tres sesiones de familiarizacion en los hombres adultos con ex-periencia en ejercicios con pesos.Although the use of maximum repetition tests (1-RM) is frequent for assessment of the muscular strength, one believes that the results obtained may be affected by the lack of previous familiarization, even in skilled subjects in exercises with weights. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the familiarization process on the muscular strength assessment in 1-RM tests. To do so, 21 men (24.5 ± 3.8 years of age), apparently healthy and with previous experience of at least six months on weight training, were submitted to repetitive tests of 1-RM in bench press, squat, and arm curl exercises. The tests were performed in four sessions with intervals every 48-72 hours. A maximum number of three attempts with 3-5 minutes interval for recovery was used in each exercise in the four testing sessions. The analysis of variance ANOVA for repeated measures followed by the post hoc Tukey test when p 0.05) as well as between the third and fourth sessions in the bench press and squat (p > 0.05). The results indicate that the lack of previous familiarization with 1-RM tests may impair the muscular strength evaluation. Therefore, the performance of two to three familiarization sessions in adult men with previous experience with weightlifting is suggested for a more accurate muscular strength assessment by means of the 1-RM tests.

Impacto de oito semanas de treinamento com pesos sobre a força muscular de homens e mulheres

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o impacto de oito semanas de treinamento com pesos (TP) sobre a forca muscular. Para tanto, 23 homens (20,7 ± 1,7 anos) e 15 mulheres (20,9 ± 2,1 anos), aparentemente saudaveis e moderadamente ativos (atividade fisica regular < 2 vezes por semana), foram submetidos a um programa de TP composto por 10 exercicios para os diferentes grupos musculares durante oito semanas consecutivas. Tres series de 8-12 RM foram executadas em cada exercicio, em tres sessoes semanais intervaladas a cada 48 horas. A forca muscular foi determinada pre e pos-treinamento por meio de testes de 1-RM nos exercicios supino em banco horizontal, agachamento e rosca direta de biceps, apos cinco sessoes de familiarizacao. Aumentos na forca muscular foram identificados, em ambos os sexos, nos tres exercicios investigados, bem como no somatorio da carga total levantada (P < 0,01). Apesar de os homens apresentarem forca absoluta maior do que as mulheres em todos os exercicios analisados, os ganhos observados ao longo do tempo foram maiores no sexo feminino (14,7 vs. 7,6% no agachamento; 17,2 vs. 11,0% no supino em banco horizontal; 20,4 vs. 14,0% na rosca direta de biceps). Os resultados sugerem que o periodo de oito semanas de TP parece ser suficiente para promover modificacoes significantes na forca muscular de homens e mulheres, em diferentes segmentos corporais (membros inferiores, tronco e membros superiores).The objective of the present study was to verify the impact of an eight-week weight training program (WT) on the muscular strength. To do so, 23 men (20.7 ± 1.7 years) and 15 women (20.9 ± 2.1 years), apparently healthy and moderately active (regular physical activity < 2 times a week) were submitted to a WT program composed of 10 exercises for the different muscular groups during eight consecutive weeks. Three series of 8-12 RM were performed in each exercise in three weekly sessions with intervals each 48 hours. The pre and post-training muscular strength was determined by means of 1-RM tests in bench press, squat and arm curl exercises after five familiarization sessions. Increases on the muscular strength were verified in both genders in all exercises investigated as well as in the total amount of load lifted (P < 0.01). Although men presented higher absolute strength when compared to women in all exercises evaluated, the gains observed along time were higher for women (14.7 vs. 7.6% in squat; 17.2 vs. 11.0% bench press; 20.4 vs. 14.0% in arm curl). The results suggest that the eight-week WT period seems to be sufficient to promote significant modifications in the muscular strength of men and women in different body segments (lower limbs, trunk and upper limbs).

Variação da força muscular em testes repetitivos de 1-RM em crianças pré-púberes

Although one-repetition maximum tests (1-RM) are widely employed to evaluate the muscular power, the lack of previous familiarization with the test procedures may cause erroneous interpretations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the muscular strength in prepubescent children during 1-RM repetitive tests. For this, nine boys (9.5 ± 0.5 years; 35.1 ± 6.9 kg; 138.3 ± 6.1 cm) with no previous experience in weight exerciseswere submitted to eight sessions of 1-RM tests in the leg extension and arm curl exercises, and with a 48 hours interval between sessions. Three trials with 3-5 minutes of resting interval were performed by subjects in each of the chosen exercises. It was observed significant increases of 30.2% and 22.7% between the first and eighth session in the leg extension and arm curl exercise tests, respectively (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the third and eighth session in the leg extension exercise, and between the fifth and the eighth session in the arm curl exercise (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the number of sessions necessary to stabilize the muscular strength in 1-RM tests seems to depend upon the motor task performed, and possibly upon the size of the agonist muscular group involved in performing the motor task. Therefore, the results suggest that to attain a more accurate evaluation on the muscular strength in prepubescent boys by means of 1-RM tests, it is necessary to perform three to five familiarization sessions.Although one-repetition maximum repetition tests (1-RM) are widely employed to evaluate the muscular power, the lack of previous familiarization with the test procedures may cause erroneous interpretations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the muscular strength in prepubescent children during 1-RM repetitive tests. For this, nine boys (9.5 ± 0.5 years; 35.1 ± 6.9 kg; 138.3 ± 6.1 cm) with no previous experience in weight exercises were submitted to eight sessions of 1-RM tests in the leg extension and arm curl exercises, and with a 48 hours interval between sessions. Three trials with 3-5 minutes of resting interval were performed by subjects in each of the chosen exercises. It was observed significant increases of 30.2% and 22.7% between the first and eighth session in the leg extension and arm curl exercise tests, respectively (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the third and eighth session in the leg extension exercise, and between the fifth and the eighth session in the arm curl exercise (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the number of sessions necessary to stabilize the muscular strength in 1-RM tests seems to depend upon the motor task performed, and possibly upon the size of the agonist muscular group involved in performing the motor task. Therefore, the results suggest that to attain a more accurate evaluation on the muscular strength in prepubescent boys by means of 1-RM tests, it is necessary to perform three to five familiarization sessions.

Comparação entre o desempenho motor de homens e mulheres em séries múltiplas de exercícios com pesos

RESUMO A magnitude das respostas neuromusculares, metabolicas e morfologicas de homens e mulheres parece ser bastante diferenciada ate mesmo quando esses sujeitos sao submetidos a protocolos de exercicios com pesos semelhantes. Todavia, as diferencas no desempenho motor entre homens e mulheres tem sido relatadas predominantemente em protocolos baseados em contracoes isometricas e isocineticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento de homens e mulheres durante series multiplas de exercicios com pesos ate a exaustao e, posteriormente, verificar possiveis diferencas de desempenho fisico entre os sexos em exercicios com pesos com intensidades semelhantes. Para tanto, 83 individuos (50 homens e 33 mulheres), 48 horas apos serem submetidos a testes de 1-RM nos exercicios supino em banco horizontal, agachamento e rosca direta de biceps, executaram um protocolo composto por quatro series a 80% de 1RM ate a exaustao, em cada um dos tres exercicios, para avaliacao da capacidade de resistencia a fadiga nos diferentes grupos musculares. ANOVA e ANCOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas pelo teste post hoc de Tukey, quando P < 0,05, foram utilizadas para o tratamento dos dados. Verificou-se uma queda significativa de desempenho, tanto nos homens quanto nas mulheres, da primeira a quarta serie em todos os exercicios investigados (P < 0,01). Embora a magnitude da fadiga tenha sido maior nos homens, nos tres exercicios, o efeito do sexo foi identificado somente no exercicio rosca direta de biceps (P < 0,01). Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que homens e mulheres apresentam comportamentos relativamente diferentes em series multiplas de exercicios com pesos, com as mulheres apresentando um desempenho mais estavel e uma maior capacidade de resistencia a fadiga, sobretudo, no exercicio rosca direta de biceps.

Influence of familiarization process on muscular strength assessment in 1-RM tests

RESUMENInfluencia del proceso de familiarizacion para evaluacion de lafuerza muscular en tests de 1-RM Embora la utilizacion de tests de una repeticion maxima (1-RM)es frecuente para la evaluacion de la fuerza muscular, se acreditaque los resultados obtenidos puedan ser afectados por la falta defamiliarizacion previa, hasta mismo en sujetos con experiencia enejercicios con pesos. Asi, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigarel impacto del proceso de familiarizacion para evaluacion de la fuerzamuscular en tests de 1-RM. Por lo tanto, 21 hombres (24,5 ± 3,8anos), aparentemente saludables con experiencia previa de por lomenos seis meses de entrenamiento con pesos, fueron someti-dos a tests reptitivos de 1-RM en los ejercicios supino en bancohorizontal, agachamiento y rosca directa de biceps. Los tests fue-ran ejecutados en cuatro sesiones, intervaladas en cada 48-72 ho-ras. Un numero maximo de tres tentativas, con intervalo de tres acinco minutos para recuperacion, fue utilizado en cada ejercicio,en las cuatro sessiones de testeo. ANOVA se utilizo para medidasrepetidas, seguida por el test post hoc de Tukey, cuando p ≤ 0,05,fue utilizada para el tratamiento de los datos. Aumentos significan-tes en la fuerza muscular (p ≤ 0,01) fueron encontrados los tresejercicios analizados entre la primera y la cuarta sesion de familia-rizacion (2,4% en supino en banco horizontal, 3,4% en agacha-miento y 5,4% en la rosca directa del biceps). Todavia, ningunadiferencia estadisticamente significativamente fuera encontradaentre la segunda y la cuarta sesion de familiarizacion en la roscadirecta de biceps (p > 0,05), bien con entre la tercera y la cuartasesion en el supino en el banco horizontal y en el agachamiento ( p> 0,05). Los resultados indican que la falta de familiarizacion previacon tests de 1-RM puede comprometer la evaluacion de la fuerzamuscular. Por lo tanto, se sugiere para la evaluacion mas acuradade la fuerza muscular mediante tests de 1-RM la ejecucion de dosa tres sesiones de familiarizacion en los hombres adultos con ex-periencia en ejercicios con pesos.Although the use of maximum repetition tests (1-RM) is frequent for assessment of the muscular strength, one believes that the results obtained may be affected by the lack of previous familiarization, even in skilled subjects in exercises with weights. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the familiarization process on the muscular strength assessment in 1-RM tests. To do so, 21 men (24.5 ± 3.8 years of age), apparently healthy and with previous experience of at least six months on weight training, were submitted to repetitive tests of 1-RM in bench press, squat, and arm curl exercises. The tests were performed in four sessions with intervals every 48-72 hours. A maximum number of three attempts with 3-5 minutes interval for recovery was used in each exercise in the four testing sessions. The analysis of variance ANOVA for repeated measures followed by the post hoc Tukey test when p 0.05) as well as between the third and fourth sessions in the bench press and squat (p > 0.05). The results indicate that the lack of previous familiarization with 1-RM tests may impair the muscular strength evaluation. Therefore, the performance of two to three familiarization sessions in adult men with previous experience with weightlifting is suggested for a more accurate muscular strength assessment by means of the 1-RM tests.

Variation of the muscular strength in repetitive 1-RM test in prepubescent children

Although one-repetition maximum tests (1-RM) are widely employed to evaluate the muscular power, the lack of previous familiarization with the test procedures may cause erroneous interpretations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the muscular strength in prepubescent children during 1-RM repetitive tests. For this, nine boys (9.5 ± 0.5 years; 35.1 ± 6.9 kg; 138.3 ± 6.1 cm) with no previous experience in weight exerciseswere submitted to eight sessions of 1-RM tests in the leg extension and arm curl exercises, and with a 48 hours interval between sessions. Three trials with 3-5 minutes of resting interval were performed by subjects in each of the chosen exercises. It was observed significant increases of 30.2% and 22.7% between the first and eighth session in the leg extension and arm curl exercise tests, respectively (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the third and eighth session in the leg extension exercise, and between the fifth and the eighth session in the arm curl exercise (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the number of sessions necessary to stabilize the muscular strength in 1-RM tests seems to depend upon the motor task performed, and possibly upon the size of the agonist muscular group involved in performing the motor task. Therefore, the results suggest that to attain a more accurate evaluation on the muscular strength in prepubescent boys by means of 1-RM tests, it is necessary to perform three to five familiarization sessions.Although one-repetition maximum repetition tests (1-RM) are widely employed to evaluate the muscular power, the lack of previous familiarization with the test procedures may cause erroneous interpretations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the muscular strength in prepubescent children during 1-RM repetitive tests. For this, nine boys (9.5 ± 0.5 years; 35.1 ± 6.9 kg; 138.3 ± 6.1 cm) with no previous experience in weight exercises were submitted to eight sessions of 1-RM tests in the leg extension and arm curl exercises, and with a 48 hours interval between sessions. Three trials with 3-5 minutes of resting interval were performed by subjects in each of the chosen exercises. It was observed significant increases of 30.2% and 22.7% between the first and eighth session in the leg extension and arm curl exercise tests, respectively (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the third and eighth session in the leg extension exercise, and between the fifth and the eighth session in the arm curl exercise (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the number of sessions necessary to stabilize the muscular strength in 1-RM tests seems to depend upon the motor task performed, and possibly upon the size of the agonist muscular group involved in performing the motor task. Therefore, the results suggest that to attain a more accurate evaluation on the muscular strength in prepubescent boys by means of 1-RM tests, it is necessary to perform three to five familiarization sessions.

Segurança, reprodutibilidade, fatores intervenientes e aplicabilidade de testes de 1-RM

One of the most used methods for measuring muscular strength is the one repetition maximum test (1-RM), since its versatility for use in different exercises, its specificity of movement and low operating cost. Despite the advantages, some questions remain unclear. In this study we discuss about the available evidences regarding safety, reproducibility, intervenient factors and the practical applicability of the 1-RM test. The available evidence suggests that the 1-RM test is cardiovascular and orthopedic safely and Its reliability depends on the appropriate test procedures used for load stabilization as well as the control of intervenient factors that may influence the test performance. Although the applicability for the diagnosis and monitoring of muscular strength is large, the use of the 1-RM tests for the prescription of weight training is highly debatable.

A comparison of motor performance between men and women in multiple series of weight exercises

RESUMO A magnitude das respostas neuromusculares, metabolicas e morfologicas de homens e mulheres parece ser bastante diferenciada ate mesmo quando esses sujeitos sao submetidos a protocolos de exercicios com pesos semelhantes. Todavia, as diferencas no desempenho motor entre homens e mulheres tem sido relatadas predominantemente em protocolos baseados em contracoes isometricas e isocineticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento de homens e mulheres durante series multiplas de exercicios com pesos ate a exaustao e, posteriormente, verificar possiveis diferencas de desempenho fisico entre os sexos em exercicios com pesos com intensidades semelhantes. Para tanto, 83 individuos (50 homens e 33 mulheres), 48 horas apos serem submetidos a testes de 1-RM nos exercicios supino em banco horizontal, agachamento e rosca direta de biceps, executaram um protocolo composto por quatro series a 80% de 1RM ate a exaustao, em cada um dos tres exercicios, para avaliacao da capacidade de resistencia a fadiga nos diferentes grupos musculares. ANOVA e ANCOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas pelo teste post hoc de Tukey, quando P < 0,05, foram utilizadas para o tratamento dos dados. Verificou-se uma queda significativa de desempenho, tanto nos homens quanto nas mulheres, da primeira a quarta serie em todos os exercicios investigados (P < 0,01). Embora a magnitude da fadiga tenha sido maior nos homens, nos tres exercicios, o efeito do sexo foi identificado somente no exercicio rosca direta de biceps (P < 0,01). Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que homens e mulheres apresentam comportamentos relativamente diferentes em series multiplas de exercicios com pesos, com as mulheres apresentando um desempenho mais estavel e uma maior capacidade de resistencia a fadiga, sobretudo, no exercicio rosca direta de biceps.

Impact of an eight-week weight training program on the muscular strength of men and women

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o impacto de oito semanas de treinamento com pesos (TP) sobre a forca muscular. Para tanto, 23 homens (20,7 ± 1,7 anos) e 15 mulheres (20,9 ± 2,1 anos), aparentemente saudaveis e moderadamente ativos (atividade fisica regular < 2 vezes por semana), foram submetidos a um programa de TP composto por 10 exercicios para os diferentes grupos musculares durante oito semanas consecutivas. Tres series de 8-12 RM foram executadas em cada exercicio, em tres sessoes semanais intervaladas a cada 48 horas. A forca muscular foi determinada pre e pos-treinamento por meio de testes de 1-RM nos exercicios supino em banco horizontal, agachamento e rosca direta de biceps, apos cinco sessoes de familiarizacao. Aumentos na forca muscular foram identificados, em ambos os sexos, nos tres exercicios investigados, bem como no somatorio da carga total levantada (P < 0,01). Apesar de os homens apresentarem forca absoluta maior do que as mulheres em todos os exercicios analisados, os ganhos observados ao longo do tempo foram maiores no sexo feminino (14,7 vs. 7,6% no agachamento; 17,2 vs. 11,0% no supino em banco horizontal; 20,4 vs. 14,0% na rosca direta de biceps). Os resultados sugerem que o periodo de oito semanas de TP parece ser suficiente para promover modificacoes significantes na forca muscular de homens e mulheres, em diferentes segmentos corporais (membros inferiores, tronco e membros superiores).The objective of the present study was to verify the impact of an eight-week weight training program (WT) on the muscular strength. To do so, 23 men (20.7 ± 1.7 years) and 15 women (20.9 ± 2.1 years), apparently healthy and moderately active (regular physical activity < 2 times a week) were submitted to a WT program composed of 10 exercises for the different muscular groups during eight consecutive weeks. Three series of 8-12 RM were performed in each exercise in three weekly sessions with intervals each 48 hours. The pre and post-training muscular strength was determined by means of 1-RM tests in bench press, squat and arm curl exercises after five familiarization sessions. Increases on the muscular strength were verified in both genders in all exercises investigated as well as in the total amount of load lifted (P < 0.01). Although men presented higher absolute strength when compared to women in all exercises evaluated, the gains observed along time were higher for women (14.7 vs. 7.6% in squat; 17.2 vs. 11.0% bench press; 20.4 vs. 14.0% in arm curl). The results suggest that the eight-week WT period seems to be sufficient to promote significant modifications in the muscular strength of men and women in different body segments (lower limbs, trunk and upper limbs).

Comparacion entre el desempeño motor de hombres y mujeres en séries múltiples de ejercícios con pesos

RESUMO A magnitude das respostas neuromusculares, metabolicas e morfologicas de homens e mulheres parece ser bastante diferenciada ate mesmo quando esses sujeitos sao submetidos a protocolos de exercicios com pesos semelhantes. Todavia, as diferencas no desempenho motor entre homens e mulheres tem sido relatadas predominantemente em protocolos baseados em contracoes isometricas e isocineticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento de homens e mulheres durante series multiplas de exercicios com pesos ate a exaustao e, posteriormente, verificar possiveis diferencas de desempenho fisico entre os sexos em exercicios com pesos com intensidades semelhantes. Para tanto, 83 individuos (50 homens e 33 mulheres), 48 horas apos serem submetidos a testes de 1-RM nos exercicios supino em banco horizontal, agachamento e rosca direta de biceps, executaram um protocolo composto por quatro series a 80% de 1RM ate a exaustao, em cada um dos tres exercicios, para avaliacao da capacidade de resistencia a fadiga nos diferentes grupos musculares. ANOVA e ANCOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas pelo teste post hoc de Tukey, quando P < 0,05, foram utilizadas para o tratamento dos dados. Verificou-se uma queda significativa de desempenho, tanto nos homens quanto nas mulheres, da primeira a quarta serie em todos os exercicios investigados (P < 0,01). Embora a magnitude da fadiga tenha sido maior nos homens, nos tres exercicios, o efeito do sexo foi identificado somente no exercicio rosca direta de biceps (P < 0,01). Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que homens e mulheres apresentam comportamentos relativamente diferentes em series multiplas de exercicios com pesos, com as mulheres apresentando um desempenho mais estavel e uma maior capacidade de resistencia a fadiga, sobretudo, no exercicio rosca direta de biceps.