Maria José de Marchi Garcia

Doenças e características físicas e químicas pós-colheita em maracujá amarelo de cultivo convencional e orgânico no centro oeste paulista

ABSTRACT-After harvested, yellow passion fruit have an increase in rot susceptibility and significant loss of fresh mass. Thepurposes of this work were to identify and quantify post harvest diseases and to evaluate the physical chemical characteristics ofyellow passion fruits grown under conventional and organic cropping systems. Fruits from both cropping systems were individuali zedand kept in a humid chamber for 24h, previously at 13 days period at 25±2oC and 70-80% RH. The incidence of diseases and theshrinkage index were visually assessed after fruit gathering and, then, every three days. Fruits were also characterized as to skinthickness, pulp content, titratable acidity and soluble solids content. There was high incidence of post harvest diseases in bothconventional and organic cropping systems. Anthracnose was the main disease, with 100% of incidence on fruits from both croppin gsystems, followed by Fusarium rot, with 25.5% in the conventional and 19.0% in the organic systems. Incidence of Phomopsis rot washigher in the conventional crop (11.0%) than in the organic crop (2.0%). Anthracnose severity was estimated using a diagrammaticscale, and corresponded to 34.1% in organic fruits and 39.8% in conventional ones. Organic fruits were bigger, and presented gr eaterskin thickness, less pulp content and greater soluble solids amount. Shrinkage indexes of fruit from both cropping systems did notdiffer. The results suggest the adoption of phyto sanitary control in the field and during post harvest stage aiming fruits with betterquality.Index Terms: Passiflora edulis, diseases, quality.

Desenvolvimento, produtividade e sobrevivência de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado e cultivado em área com histórico de morte prematura de plantas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, yield and survival of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) grafted on the three rootstocks in area with description of premature death of plants. The experiment was carried out in Adamantina, SP, Brazil, from May 2006 to February 2007, adopting the statistical design of randomized blocks, with three treatments and seven replications. The rootstocks evaluated were Passiflora edulis, P. alata and P. gibertii, using conventional cleft grafting. The variables evaluated were: stem diameter of the rootstocks, stem diameter of the grafts, length of internodes, length of the secondary branches, number of tertiary branches, number of fruits, average weight of fruits, diameter and length of fruits, yield and plant survival. The work demonstrated that the use of the grafting in yellow passion fruit is a viable option as vegetative propagation, as well as a means of controlling some soil pathogens, one problem that has limited the expansion of culture. It was observed that plants grafted on P. edulis presented better initial vegetative growth, followed of P. gibertii and of P. alata. The lowest yield was obtained in P. alata. It was observed that although the presence of Fusarium solani and Rotylenchulus reniformis in soil, 91% of the plants grafted on P. gibertii survival after 12 months of field planting, whereas in P. alata and P. edulis these indices were 60% and 8.6%, respectively, showing a bigger tolerance to the root diseases.

Danos em pós-colheita de goiabas na Região do Centro-Oeste Paulista

Abstract Postharvest diseases represent a serious drawback to guava crop, once they reduce quality and quantity of fruits for mar-keting. This study identified and quantified mechanical injuries resulting from the processes of harvesting and transporting of guavas and the incidence of postharvest diseases and pests in ‘Pedro Sato’ guava commercialized at CEASA/Bauru and in ‘Pedro Sato’ and ‘Paluma’ guavas cultivated in the Midwest Region of the State of Sao Paulo. Guava fruit collected at four harvest stages (harvest with gloves, harvest bag, tractor trailer and packing table) and at a wholesale market (CEASA) were stored for nine days at 25 oC. The incidence of damages was visually evaluated every three days. The occurrence of rot fruit was higher in Pedro Sato cultivar (92.0% to 96.6%) than in ‘Paluma’ (77.1%) at the end of storage period. Anthracnose was the main disease in the two cultivars, followed for the black spot. The incidence of mechanical injuries increased along the harvest stages; however, it was not related to the occurrence of rots. High infestation of fruit fly in ‘Paluma’ guava was also verified.Key words:

Reação de maracujazeiro-amarelo ao complexo fusariose-nematoide de galha

The present work was conducted in greenhouse conditions at APTA/Bauru, Sao Paulo State, during the first semester of 2007, with the objective of evaluating the resistance of two varieties of yellow passion fruit, Maguari and Afruvec, to the Fusarium solani-Meloidogyne incognita race 3 complex. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 4-5 repetitions, with the plot constituted by 1 vase containing 1 plant. The appraised parameters in the assay were disease severity, caused by F. solani , measuring the lesion length (cm) in the collar zone of plants and number of galls formed by M. incognita race 3 in the root system. The two varieties of yellow passion fruit showed susceptibility to F. solani. Only in the Afruvec variety, the presence of nematode resulted in increase of fusariosis. As for resistance to the phytonematode, the Maguary variety was classified as resistant in the presence or absence of Fusarium. In contrast, for the Afruvec variety, the presence of Fusarium resulted in reduction of resistance to the nematode, going from moderately resistant to susceptible.

Elaboração e validação de escala diagramática para quantificação da severidade da antracnose em frutos de maracujá amarelo

A diagrammatic scale was developed to standardize severity assessments of anthracnose on yellow passion fruit, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The scale was elaborated considering the maximum and minimum limits of disease severity. The percentile values for anthracnose symptoms followed logarithmic increments (1, 3, 8, 21, 44 e 70%). To validate the scale, ten raters (five inexperienced and five experienced) quantified the disease severity, without and using the scale, of 50 fruits with anthracnose symptoms. Assessments with the diagrammatic scale had higher precision and accuracy for majority of raters, besides being more reproducible among raters. The proposed diagrammatic scale was considered adequate to estimate anthracnose severity in yellow passion fruits and could be used in epidemiological and control studies.A diagrammatic scale was developed to standardize severity assessments of anthracnose on yellow passion fruit, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The scale was elaborated considering the maximum and minimum limits of disease severity. The percentile values for anthracnose symptoms followed logarithmic increments (1, 3, 8, 21, 44 e 70%). To validate the scale, ten raters (five inexperienced and five experienced) quantified the disease severity, without and using the scale, of 50 fruits with anthracnose symptoms. Assessments with the diagrammatic scale had higher precision and accuracy for majority of raters, besides being more reproducible among raters. The proposed diagrammatic scale was considered adequate to estimate anthracnose severity in yellow passion fruits and could be used in epidemiological and control studies.

Reação de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) à Meloidogyne enterolobii

Brazil is the biggest producer, consumer and exporter of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.). It has become a highly requested fruit in the world market for preparing juices and consumption in nature because it contains high levels of vitamin C. Nowadays brazilian acerola orchards have shown decrease in production due to the occurrence of root-knot nematodes, one of the main problem affecting the culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of acerola genotypes to Meloidogyne enterolobii. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse of the Department of Plant Protection of Agronomic Science College - FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP. Five clones, Cherry-Brs-236; Fruit Color-Brs-238; Roxinha-Brs-237; Mirandopolis; Japi, and three varieties, Okinawa; Olivier and Waldy-CATI, were studied. Each plant was inoculated with 2,500 M. enterolobii eggs and second stage juveniles (Pi). After 60 days the roots of each plant was washed, staining with phloxine-B and examined for obtaining gall and egg mass indices (GI; EMI), and processed by blender, sieving and centrifugation method to obtain the total number of eggs (Pf), which was used to calculate the reproduction factor (Pf / Pi). All acerola clones and varieties were considered susceptible to Meloidogyne enterolobii, with RF ranging from 4.1 to 18.3.

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii in rootstocks and cucumber hybrids

This study aimed to determine the resistance of six rootstocks for cucumber (squash ‘Menina Brasileira’, pumpkin ‘Exposicao’, ‘Shelper’, ‘Tetsukabuto Takaiama’, ‘B8-A Tetsukabuto’ and ‘Excite Ikki’) and four Japanese cucumber hybrids (‘Yoshinari’, ‘Kouki’, ‘Taisho’ and ‘Tsuyataro’) to Meloidogyne enterolobii. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse; each plot consisted of one plant per pot containing 2 liters of autoclaved soil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates per treatment. Two days after transplanting the seedlings, each plant was inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (initial population = Pi) of M. enterolobii. Tomato ‘Rutgers’ was used as indicative of inoculum viability. Sixty days after inoculated, each plant was evaluated for total number of nematodes in the roots (final population = Pf) and reproduction factor (FR=Pf/Pi). All rootstocks and cucumber hybrids allowed M. enterolobii multiplication, but FR values were lower in ‘Shelper’, ‘Excite Ikki KY’ and ‘Menina Brasileira’ rootstocks. In a second experiment, the low FR in these three rootstocks was confirmed, but with higher values in ‘Menina Brasileira’. So, these rootstocks can be recommended to M. enterolobii infested areas, but with low populations, because they don’t permit great multiplication of the patogen. It is concluded that ‘Shelper’ and ‘Excite Ikki KY’ rootstocks had the lowest FR and can be classified as moderate resistant to this nematode.

First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Asclepias physocarpa in Brazil

Dark necrosis on the collar region, stem and in budding was observed in balloon plants (Asclepias physocarpa) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was identified as the causal agent. This is the first record of L. theobromae on A. physocarpa in Brazil.

Ocorrência de mosca-branca em Annona squamosa no estado de São Paulo

In Brazil the knowledge about the geographical distribution and host plants of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is limited, mainly on crops. In this communication, the occurrence of Aleurodicus mirabilis (Cockerell, 1898) in high infestations in custard apple (Annona squamosa Linnaeus, 1753) is recorded in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Reação de maracujazeiro-amarelo ao complexo fusariose-nematoide de galha - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i2.3445

The present work was conducted in greenhouse conditions at APTA/Bauru, Sao Paulo State, during the first semester of 2007, with the objective of evaluating the resistance of two varieties of yellow passion fruit, Maguari and Afruvec, to the Fusarium solani-Meloidogyne incognita race 3 complex. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 4-5 repetitions, with the plot constituted by 1 vase containing 1 plant. The appraised parameters in the assay were disease severity, caused by F. solani , measuring the lesion length (cm) in the collar zone of plants and number of galls formed by M. incognita race 3 in the root system. The two varieties of yellow passion fruit showed susceptibility to F. solani. Only in the Afruvec variety, the presence of nematode resulted in increase of fusariosis. As for resistance to the phytonematode, the Maguary variety was classified as resistant in the presence or absence of Fusarium. In contrast, for the Afruvec variety, the presence of Fusarium resulted in reduction of resistance to the nematode, going from moderately resistant to susceptible.