Arione da Silva Pereira

Produção de sementes pré-básicas de batata em sistemas hidropônicos

The reduced tuber multiplication rate determines the low efficiency in the conventional methods of potato pre-basic seed production. New methods of seed production, with higher multiplication rates, may contribute to improve yield by increasing the availability of good quality seeds. This study describes two hydroponic systems, suitable for growing potato pre-basic seeds, which may represent an important step in the production process of potato seeds.

Correlações entre caracteres de aparência e rendimento e análise de trilha para aparência de batata

The objective of this work was to verify correlations between characters of tuber appearance and yield; as well as the influence of tuber appearance components characters on their expression and selection implications. A potato hybrid population of 15 families each one with 60 genotypes. The experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in Fall of 2004 and 2005. Tuber appearance was closer correlated with tuber shape, tuber curvature, tuber pointing and tuber eyebrow, in the seedling generation, and with tuber shape and tuber size uniformity, in the first clonal generation. Yield was strongly associated with tuber size, tuber number and average tuber weight, in the seedling stage, and with tuber size, tuber number, average tuber weight, tuber flatness and plant vigor, in the first clonal generation. Tuber curvature showed to be the most effective trait for indirect selection to improve tuber appearance in both generations. The results suggest that in the seedling stage, tuber pointing should also be considered along with tuber curvature the selection of tuber appearance.

Technical and Economic Analysis of Aeroponics and other Systems for Potato Mini-Tuber Production in Latin America

Producing large quantities of high quality mini-tubers at low cost is essential for an economically viable supply of seed potatoes. Here we systematize the technical and economic aspects of aeroponics and provide a benchmark comparison of this technology with other mini-tuber production systems as developed in Latin America: conventional, semi-hydroponics, and fiber-cement tiles technology. Research methodologies included: 3-year registration of cash flows and production registers of aeroponics, economic and technical surveys, in-depth inquiry with managers of technologies. Results show that aeroponics as promoted by the International Potato Center (CIP) has several advantages, including high multiplication rates (up to 1:45), high production efficiency per area (> 900 mini-tubers per m2), savings in water, chemicals and/or energy, and positive economic indicators. The fiber-cement tiles technology from Brazil is also shown to be highly efficient and slightly more robust compared to aeroponics. Preconditions for the successful adoption of the different technologies in developing countries are discussed.ResumenLa producción de grandes cantidades de mini-tubérculos de alta calidad y a bajo precio es esencial para un abastecimiento económicamente viable de semilla de papa. Aquí sistematizamos aspectos técnicos y económicos de aeroponía y se compara la línea de base de esta tecnología con otros sistemas de producción de mini-tubérculos que han sido desarrollados en América Latina: tecnología convencional, semi-hidroponía, tejas de fibrocemento. Metodologías de investigación incluyeron: registro de flujo de caja y registro de producción de aeroponía durante 3 años, encuestas económicas y técnicas, indagación en detalle con gerentes de tecnologías. Los resultados demuestran que la aeroponía tal como lo promueve el Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) tiene múltiples ventajas, entre ellas tasas altas de multiplicación (hasta 1:45), eficiencia alta de producción por área (> 900 mini-tubérculos por m2), ahorros en agua, químicos y/o energía, y indicadores económicos positivos. También se demuestra que la tecnología de tejas de fibrocemento de Brasil es muy eficiente y ligeramente más robusta comparada con aeroponía. Se discuten las condiciones previas para una adopción exitosa de las diferentes tecnologías en países en vía de desarrollo.

Desempenho agronômico de clones elite de batata

The aim of this work was to verify the growth cycle, yield components and specific gravity of advanced potato clones as compared to the main varieties grown in Brazil. The experiment was carried on at the Embrapa Clima Temperado experimental field, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Eight advanced potato clones developed by the Embrapa Potato Breeding Program, and two commercial cultivars were evaluated in the autumn season of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used, the plots being constituted by a line of 20 plants. Growth cycle was assessed 95 days after planting. Plants of each plot were harvested at 110 days, followed by evaluation of yield components and specific gravity. After checking for normality of error distribution, the data were submitted to analysis of variance and to means grouping by the Scott & Knott test. CL02-05, CL69-05, CL27-05 and 2197-15 clones showed higher commercial tuber number, percentage of commercial tubers and average tuber weight than the check varieties. CL02-05 clone showed, besides, the highest yield potential of commercial tubers of all four clones. CL69-05 and 2197-15 presented specific gravity and growth cycle similar to Asterix, but had higher yield potential and larger tuber size than it.

Cultivar e adubação NPK na produção de tomate salada

The objective of this work was to study the effect of cultivar, NPK fertilization and the interaction on yield components of fresh market tomatoes. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1995/96 season. Five cultivars (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific and Diva) and three fertilization levels (2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 t/ha) of NPK (3.6-7.2-10) were used. The treatments were displayed under a factorial scheme, in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions. Empire and Pacific cultivars showed higher average fruit weight than Flora-Dade, Max and Diva. The number of fruits per plant increased with the elevation of fertilization levels from 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha, while the average fruit weight diminished, without changing yield. The cultivars showed differential response to fertilization levels, in relation to average fruit weight.

Uma análise do efeito do aquecimento global na produção de batata no Brasil

ABSTRACT An analysis of the potato production in Brazil upon global warming The future of the potato production in Brazil is discussed upon prediction of temperature rise due to global warming. A literature review was carried out on the effects of high temperatures on the potato plant metabolism, and their consequences upon vegetative development and yield. Although higher emphasis was devoted to the climate effect on food production, the risk of genetic erosion by disappearance of wild species is stressed, with consequences to the future of plant breeding. Based on this information and on climate data from the main growing regions published on Brazilian documents, we carried out a prospective analysis of the potato production in Brazil. For that, a temperature rise of up to 5oC was considered to the end of the century, and the range of 10oC to 25oC as the optimum for potato growth, according to specialized literature. For the study, six counties, representative of the main growing regions, were selected: Sao Joaquim, Santa Catarina State; Guarapuava, Parana State; Cristalina, Goias State; Mucuge, Bahia State; Vargem Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo State and Araxa, Minas Gerais State. For cooler counties, such as Sao Joaquim, major drawbacks on potato production are not expected, even though adjustments in planting season should be required. However, cropping on those counties subject to high temperatures which today allow potato production all year round, like Mucuge, and Cristalina, is expected to be restricted to few months of the year. The aim of this article was to alert, not alarm, the Brazilian potato chain in order to promote the management changes to preserve the crop in case the expected temperature rise comes true. In addition, the role of plant breeding to counteract the negative effects of high temperature is discussed.

A portable monitor for the rapid assessment of processing quality of stored potato tubers

The present study assessed a commercially available, enzymatically based blood glucose monitor for the rapid determination of processing quality of tuber samples taken directly from storage. This monitor is based on reflectance photometry of a disposable test strip for a chromogen produced during the oxidation of glucose. The influence of storage conditions, harvest location, cultivar, reconditioning effects and the monitoring environment were examined for their effects on glucose levels and chip color. Glucose concentrations were determined by blood glucose monitor, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or YSI biochemical analyzer. Crude tuber extracts did not adversely affect the determination of glucose by the blood glucose monitor and there was no evidence of any interaction between glucose concentration and extract in terms of test strip color development. The test strips demonstrated stable color retention for over an hour although values remained slightly higher after the initial potato extract test. Reaction of test strips to glucose was sensitive to initial temperature of the tuber extract with greatest accuracy exhibited in the 15–22 C range. Chip color was inversely correlated with tuber glucose content regardless of detection method, cultivar, growing site or storage temperature. The highly portable glucose monitor provided a rapid, accurate and quantitative profile of chip processing quality.CompendioEl presente estudio evaluó un monitor utilizado en la determinación enzimática de azucar en la sangre, disponible en el comercio, para la evaluación rápida de la calidad de procesamiento de muestras de tubérculos tomadas directamente del almacén. Este monitor se basa en la fotometría por reflejo de una porción disponible para probar un cromogeno producido durante la oxidación de la glucosa. Se examinaron las influencias de las condiciones de almacenamiento, lugar de la cosecha, cultivar, efectos de los reacondicionantes y el ambiente de seguimiento, sobre los niveles de glucosa y el color de las papas fritas a la inglesa. Las concentraciones de glucosa fueron determinadas con el monitor de glucosa sanguínea, por cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC) o con el analizador bioquímico YSI. Extractos crudos de tubérculo no afectaron adversamente la determinación de la glucosa por el monitor de glucosa sanguínea y no hubo evidencia de ninguna interacción entre la concentración de glucosa y el extracto en términos de desarrollo de color en la porción probada. Las porciones probadas demostraron retención estable de color por más de una hora a pesar de que los valores permanecieron ligeramente más altos después de la prueba inicial del extracto de papa. La reacción de las porciones de prueba a la glucosa fue sensible a la temperatura inicial del extracto de tubérculo con la mayor exactitud exhibida de 15 a 22 C. El color de las papas fritas a la inglesa estuvo inversamente correlacionado con el contenido de glucosa del tubérculo, independientemente del método empleado de detección, del cultivar, del lugar de cosecha o de la temperatura de almacenamiento. El monitor de glucosa altamente portátil provee un perfíl rápido, exacte y cuantitativo de la calidad de procesamiento para fritura a la inglesa.

Dissimilaridade genética em mutantes de aveia tolerantes e sensíveis a ácidos orgânicos

ABSTRACT GENETIC DISSIMILARITY IN OAT ( AVENA SATIVA L.) TOLERANT AND SENSITIVEMUTANTS TO ORGANIC ACIDS In order to cultivate oats ( Avena sativa L.) as an economically alternative in low lands, it is necessaryto use cultivars tolerant to the main organic acids produced by organic matter decomposition resultingfrom no tillage systems. The objectives of this work were estimate genetic dissimilarity among M 3 mutantfamilies and the oat cultivar UFRGS 14 using ISSR markers; and to detect genomic regions associatedwith organic acids toxicity. Thirty M 3 mutant families from the Plant Genomic Center of the College ofAgronomy “Eliseu Maciel”, derived from the cultivar UFRGS 14 irradiated with gamma ray (Co 60 ) at400 Gy dosage were used. The genetic characterization was carried out using the ISSR marker technique.The results indicated that UBC 854, 855 and 811 primers allowed the identification of genomic regionsrelated to organic acid toxicity tolerance, while UBC 850 and 826 primers of genomic regions associatedto organic acid sensitivity.

Seleção em gerações iniciais para caracteres agronômicos em batata

A presente revisao objetivou fazer algumas consideracoes sobre a selecao nas geracoes iniciais (geracao de plântula, primeira e segunda geracao clonal) e as implicacoes no melhoramento genetico de batata. Em batata, onde milhares de plântulas tem que ser avaliadas para possibilitar a identificacao de um genotipo superior e, considerando os elevados custos com o processo de melhoramento da cultura, e imprescindivel o aprimoramento das tecnicas de selecao pela utilizacao de informacoes provenientes da experimentacao. A exclusao dos genotipos inferiores o mais cedo possivel, por meio da selecao em geracoes iniciais, evita que genotipos inferiores sejam mantidos nos ensaios de campo, proporcionando reducoes consideraveis de custos pela menor utilizacao de insumos, area de plantio e mao de obra. Apesar de serem encontrados na literatura consultada alguns casos indicando a baixa eficiencia na selecao de genotipos de batata em geracoes precoces, principalmente para caracteres quantitativos; pode-se tambem observar situacoes onde este tipo de selecao mostrou-se eficiente. Pode-se concluir que ha evidencias que a selecao nas geracoes iniciais, comecando na geracao de plântula, seja uma opcao viavel, possibilitando maior versatilidade e eficiencia aos programas de melhoramento de batata. No entanto, devem ser definidos os caracteres mais eficazes de serem selecionados e a pressao de selecao a ser aplicada, para nao correr o risco de eliminar materiais que deveriam ser mantidos na populacao.

Qualidade de película de famílias clonais de batata

Tuber general appearance is a very important trait for potato breeding, once it affects consumer acceptance of in natura products. Among appearance components the tuber coloration and smooth are very important. The objective of this work was to investigate the expected selection response for traits related to skin quality (smooth and coloration) and tuber appearance in three potato families. The experiments were performed in the experimental field of Embrapa Clima Temperado during the spring of 2004 and 2005, using three families at second and third clonal generations, respectively. The traits smooth, skin coloration and tuber general appearance in the tubers were evaluated. Data was analyzed statistically according to the model REML/BLUP, in way to distinguish fixed and aleatory effects and comparing values among the families, correlation between traits, heritability index and gain of selection. It can be verified that, for the development of superior potato populations regarding skin quality, the inclusion of parents bearing flat and clear skin is necessary. The traits smoothness and tuber coloration are correlated with the tuber general appearance, but this trait has lower heritability than its components.