Fábio Akiyoshi Suinaga

Causas químicas de resistência de Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) a Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The resistance of three accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum (CNPH 101, 374 and 402) to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its chemical causes were studied. The trial was carried out in greenhouse in the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, with two susceptible tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum cvs. Santa Clara and IPA-5) and three accessions of L. peruvianum. The number of eggs per leaf, short leaf mines (length 0.5 cm) and the percentage of mined leaflets by T. absoluta were evaluated. All hexanic extracts were analyzed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Accessions of L. peruvianum showed lower number of eggs per leaf, percentage of mined leaflets and number of leaf mines (small and big) than the susceptible cultivars (IPA-5 and Santa Clara). The total number of compounds in the chromatograms was 69, with relative concentrations > 106 ions x second. The effect between T. absoluta attack and relative concentrations of the compounds showed by the five peaks (28, 42, 46, 55 and 58) was significant (p<0.05). The main substances related with L. peruvianum were: cyclobutanol; hexadecanoic acid; 9-octadecenoic acid and hexadecane (peaks 28, 42, 46 and 55, respectively). Tetracosane (peak 58) was related with L. esculentum. All substances in the leaf extracts were associated with the susceptibility of tomatoes to T. absoluta.

Desempenho agronômico de clones elite de batata

The aim of this work was to verify the growth cycle, yield components and specific gravity of advanced potato clones as compared to the main varieties grown in Brazil. The experiment was carried on at the Embrapa Clima Temperado experimental field, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Eight advanced potato clones developed by the Embrapa Potato Breeding Program, and two commercial cultivars were evaluated in the autumn season of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used, the plots being constituted by a line of 20 plants. Growth cycle was assessed 95 days after planting. Plants of each plot were harvested at 110 days, followed by evaluation of yield components and specific gravity. After checking for normality of error distribution, the data were submitted to analysis of variance and to means grouping by the Scott & Knott test. CL02-05, CL69-05, CL27-05 and 2197-15 clones showed higher commercial tuber number, percentage of commercial tubers and average tuber weight than the check varieties. CL02-05 clone showed, besides, the highest yield potential of commercial tubers of all four clones. CL69-05 and 2197-15 presented specific gravity and growth cycle similar to Asterix, but had higher yield potential and larger tuber size than it.

Genetic divergence among tomato leafminer populations based on AFLP analysis

The objective of this work was to determine the genetic differences among eight Brazilian populations of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), from the states of Espirito Santo (Santa Tereza), Goias (Goianapolis), Minas Gerais (Uberlândia and Vicosa), Pernambuco (Camocim de Sao Felix), Rio de Janeiro (Sao Joao da Barra) and Sao Paulo (Paulinia and Sumare), using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Fifteen combinations of EcoRI and MseI primers were used to assess divergence among populations. The data were analyzed using unweighted pair-group method, based on arithmetic averages (UPGMA) bootstrap analysis and principal coordinate analysis. Using a multilocus approach, these populations were divided in two groups, based on genetic fingerprints. Populations from Goianapolis, Santa Tereza, and Vicosa formed one group. Populations from Camocim de Sao Felix, Paulinia, Sao Joao da Barra, Sumare, and Uberlândia fitted in the second group. These results were congruent with differences in susceptibility of this insect to insecticides, previously identified by other authors.

Resistência por antibiose de Lycopersicon peruvianum à traça do tomateiro

This work was carried out in a greenhouse in the Federal University of Vicosa, to evaluate the antibiosis of Lycopersicon peruvianum (CNPH 101) to tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its possible chemical causes. The treatments were represented by the species of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum (cv. Santa Clara and IPA-5: susceptibility patterns to T. absoluta) and the introduction CNPH 101 of L. peruvianum. The characteristics assessed were: larval mortality, pupal weight, sexual proportion, length of larval and pupal phases and the number of eggs/female. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer was used to identify the substances in the hexanic extract of leaves. The introduction CNPH 101 of L. peruvianum showed resistance to T. absoluta affecting the larval mortality and length of pupal phase. Two compounds (probably the 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-buthylphenol and another with retention time of 18.8 min. by chromatogram) were associated to fact that L. esculentum is more susceptible to T. absoluta than L. peruvianum. Two compounds were associated to plants of the cultivar Santa Clara (probably the transcarophyllene) and L. peruvianum (probably the hexadecane) most susceptible to T. absoluta. A compound (with retention time in the of 22.796 min. by chromatogram) was associated the plants of L. peruvianum most resistant to T. absoluta.

Bole rot of sisal caused by Aspergillus niger in Brazil

A ocorrencia da podridao do tronco do sisal, causada por Aspergillus niger, e relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil. A doenca foi observada em campos de producao nos Estados da Bahia, Paraiba e Rio Grande do Norte

Capacidade combinatória de sete caracteres de resistência de Lycopersicon spp. à traça do tomateiro

Using the partial diallel methodology, interspecific hybrids of tomato were obtained, in order to study the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) between two groups of Lycopersicon spp. Seven characteristics of tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta were evaluated. Significant differences regarding the majority of the evaluated traits were observed. Based on GCA, the genotypes Ângela, Santa Clara, LA 716 and LA 1777 are the most indicated to be used in a breeding program to improve the tomato resistance to T. absoluta. The best hybrids, considering SCA and heterosis, were Ângela x PI 126445, Ângela x PI 127826, IPA-5 x LA 1777 and Santa Clara x LA 716.

Seletividade de inseticidas a Podisus rostralis (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) predador de lagartas desfolhadoras de eucalipto

The objective of this work was to study the physiological selectivity of deltamethrin, fenitrothion, malathion, and permethrin to nymphs (third and fifth instars) and adults (females and males) of the predator Podisus rostralis. The insecticides were used in concentrations corresponding to 50 and 100% of the concentration used for control of eucalyptus-defoliating caterpillars. Deltamethrin was selective to third and fifth instar nymphs and adults of the predator (1.94, 0.00 and 7.87% of mortality, respectively). Permethrin was selective in favor of fifth instar nymphs (3.55% of mortality), and showed median selectivity in favor of third instar nymphs and adults of the predator (28.22 and 32.08% of mortality). Malathion was medially selective to fifth instar nymphs (49.38% of mortality), but was not selective to fifth instar nymphs and adults of the predator (95.34 and 88.99% of mortality). Fenitrothion was not selective to any instar of P. rostralis (100% of mortality). The high toxicity of fenitrothion to this predator did not decrease when the lowest concentration was used, but the impact of malathion (to third instar nymphs and adults) and permethrin (to females) of P. rostralis was reduced when these instars were exposed to half of the concentrations of these insecticides. The impact of deltamethrin was not affected by the concentration. Finally, third instar nymphs and adults were less tolerant to malathion and permethrin than fifth instar nymphs of the predator; females of P. rostralis were more tolerant than males to the recommended concentration of malathion and to half permethrin.

Desempenho de cultivares de batata-doce para caracteres relacionados com o rendimento de raiz

A produtividade media nacional da batata-doce situa-se, atualmente, bem abaixo do potencial produtivo da cultura, predominando o cultivo de variedades locais e nao melhoradas, que propiciam baixos rendimentos. Para melhorar essa condicao, alem de tratos culturais adequados, faz-se necessaria a adocao de cultivares mais produtivos. Por essas razoes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o desempenho de cultivares de batata-doce para caracteres relacionados com o rendimento de raiz. Foram avaliados seis cultivares de batata-doce: Princesa, BRS Amelia, BRS Cuia, Brazlândia Roxa, Beauregard e BRS Rubissol, em um experimento conduzido em Canoinhas-SC. Mudas dos cultivares foram plantadas em condicoes de campo, nos anos de 2012 e 2013, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes; a parcela experimental foi composta por 11 plantas. Aos 150 dias apos o plantio, as plantas de cada parcela foram colhidas e avaliadas para caracteres componentes do rendimento de raiz. De forma geral, os cultivares avaliados constituem boas opcoes para os produtores, com rendimentos medios acima da media nacional. Os cultivares Beauregard e BRS Rubissol destacam-se dos demais para os caracteres de rendimento de raiz. Os cultivares Princesa, BRS Amelia e BRS Cuia apresentaram desempenho intermediario quanto a raizes comerciais, principalmente no segundo ano de avaliacao. O cultivar Brazlândia Roxa teve o pior desempenho para caracteres de rendimento de raiz aos 150 dias apos o plantio, provavelmente por apresentar ciclo vegetativo mais longo.Submetido em 02/07/2013 e aprovado em 24/06/2015. Embrapa Hortaliças/SPM, Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. giovani.olegario@embrapa.br Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil. fabio@cnph.embrapa.br, geovani.amaro@embrapa.br 3 Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. rubens.ponijaleki@embrapa.br *Autor para correspondência: giovani.olegario@embrapa.br Desempenho de cultivares de batata-doce para caracteres relacionados com o rendimento de raiz A produtividade média nacional da batata-doce situa-se, atualmente, bem abaixo do potencial produtivo da cultura, predominando o cultivo de variedades locais e não melhoradas, que propiciam baixos rendimentos. Para melhorar essa condição, além de tratos culturais adequados, faz-se necessária a adoção de cultivares mais produtivos. Por essas razões, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o desempenho de cultivares de batata-doce para caracteres relacionados com o rendimento de raiz. Foram avaliados seis cultivares de batata-doce: Princesa, BRS Amélia, BRS Cuia, Brazlândia Roxa, Beauregard e BRS Rubissol, em um experimento conduzido em Canoinhas-SC. Mudas dos cultivares foram plantadas em condições de campo, nos anos de 2012 e 2013, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições; a parcela experimental foi composta por 1 1 plantas. Aos 150 dias após o plantio, as plantas de cada parcela foram colhidas e avaliadas para caracteres componentes do rendimento de raiz. De forma geral, os cultivares avaliados constituem boas opções para os produtores, com rendimentos médios acima da média nacional. Os cultivares Beauregard e BRS Rubissol destacam-se dos demais para os caracteres de rendimento de raiz. Os cultivares Princesa, BRS Amélia e BRS Cuia apresentaram desempenho intermediário quanto a raízes comerciais, principalmente no segundo ano de avaliação. O cultivar Brazlândia Roxa teve o pior desempenho para caracteres de rendimento de raiz aos 150 dias após o plantio, provavelmente por apresentar ciclo vegetativo mais longo. Palavras-chave: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, raízes comerciais, massa de raiz. Giovani Olegario da Silva *, Fabio Akiyoshi Suinaga, Rubens Ponijaleki, Geovani Bernardo Amaro http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X201562040007 Performance of root yield traits in sweet potato cultivars In Brazil, the average yield of sweet potato is consistently below the potential of the crop due to the cultivation of local varieties and unimproved genotypes. Increase in yield is achieved by the adoption of appropriate cultural practices and use of more productive cultivars. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of root yield traits in sweet potato cultivars. Six sweet potato cultivars were evaluated: Princesa, BRS Amelia, BRS Cuia, Brazlândia Roxa, Beauregard and BRS Rubissol in an experiment conducted in Canoinhas-SC. These cultivars were planted in the field, in the agricultural years 2012 and 2013, in a randomized block design with three replications and plots consisting of 1 1 plants. At 150 days after planting, the plants were harvested and the root yield components were evaluated. In general, the cultivars assessed in this study are good choices for sweet potato growers, with yields greater than the country’ s average. Cultivars Beauregard and BRS Rubissol showed the best results for the traits related to root yield. Cultivars Princesa, BRS Amelia and BRS Cuia showed intermediate performance for commercial roots, especially in the second year of the assessment. The cultivar Brazlândia Roxa had the worst performance for yield root characters at 150 days after planting, which was probably due to its longer cycle.

Adubação nitrogenada no rendimento da cultivar de batata BRS Ana

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar para a cultivar de batata BRS Ana, a possibilidade da diminuicao na quantidade de nitrogenio recomendada com base na analise de solo, considerando as variaveis componentes de rendimento de tuberculo. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho Distrofico no campo experimental Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Canoinhas, SC, na primavera de 2011. Os tratamentos constaram de seis doses de nitrogenio aplicados na base de plantio, na forma de sulfato de amonia. As quantidades aplicadas foram 0, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 kg N ha -1 . A dose recomendada pela analise de solo foi de 120 kg N ha -1 . O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes. A producao de tuberculos de cada parcela foi avaliada para as variaveis componentes do rendimento. Verificou-se que as plantas da cultivar BRS Ana nao responderam, em rendimento, a doses de nitrogenio maiores do que 100 kg ha -1 , sugerindo que a dose recomendada segundo a analise de solo, de 120 kg ha -1 , pode ser diminuida para ate 83%, sem perdas de rendimento de tuberculos. Uma maior diminuicao da quantidade de nitrogenio, no entanto, ocasionaria reducao no rendimento de tuberculos.

Capacidade de combinação de genitores de batata para caracteres de aparência e rendimento de tubérculos

Combining ability of potato parents for tuber appearance and yield traits The objective of this work was to estimate the general and specific combining ability of potato parents in early generation of selection. The experiments were carried out at the municipality of Pelotas and Canoinhas. Twelve potato families derived from two groups of parents crossed in a 3 x 4 partial mating design were studied: ‘Eliza’, ‘C-1730-7-94’, ‘C-1742-8-95’ and ‘Shepody’, ‘Asterix’, ‘White Lady’, ‘Caesar’. The families were evaluated at the seedling stage and in the first field generation for tuber appearance traits and tuber yield traits. The data were submitted to variance analysis, and partial diallel analysis. In the set of traits there was superiority of significant effects for general combining ability in relation to specific combining ability . This suggests a predominance of additive effects of the genes in the control of these traits. Regarding the general combining ability , ‘White Lady’ is the most prominent parent, contributing with genes of additive action for the improvement of tuber appearance traits and yield traits. As for the specific combining ability, the cross ‘C1730-7-94’ x ‘White Lady’ is the most suitable for the generation of superior families for tuber appearance traits and yield traits.