Giovani Olegário da Silva

Comparação entre medidas de distância genealógica, morfológica e molecular em aveia em experimentos com e sem a aplicação de fungicida

Estimatives of genetic dissimilarity between cultivars can be useful in a breeding program for directing crosses and evaluating the available germplasm. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic dissimilarity between oat genotypes through AFLP markers and inbreeding coefficient and to intercorrelate these estimate with each other and with an estimate based on agronomical traits in experiments with and without fungicide application. Eleven oat cultivars were used to estimate the molecular genetic distance, from which nine were evaluated in the field to obtain the morphological estimatives. For the estimates of inbreeding coefficients, eight genotypes had known pedigree and were considered for the analyisis. A comparison of the matrices was obtained through a correlation analysis. Among the dissimilarity measures evaluated, the estimated distances based on molecular data and the inbreeding coefficient, were those evidencing the highest correlation (0.45). The second highest correlation was obtained between the morphological distances in experiments with and without fungicide application (0.44), no other correlation obtained was significant. Then, it is evident the presence of high genetic variability among the studied genotypes and the necessity of all three techniques to be used in a joined manner for obtaining a more precise estimate of genetic dissimilarity.

Perfil dos consumidores de plantas medicinais e condimentares do município de Pato Branco (PR)

The profile of supermarket users in Pato Branco city, Parana State, Brazil, was obtained, related to their preference for medicinal and spice plants, as a subsidy to production by small farmers. The consumers prefer organic products observing the appearance and price of the product, and they go once a week to the market, preferably on Saturdays. The ten favorite medicinal plants are Chamomilla recutita, Pimpinella anisum, Vernonia condensata, Baccharis sp., Mikania sp., Malva sp., Cunilla sp., Maytenus sp., Mentha sp. and Salvia officinalis. The ten favorite spices are: Allium cepa, Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Origanum vulgaris, Allium sativum, Myristicia fragans, Capsicum annuum, Allium schoenoprasum, Anethum graveolens and Petroselinum crispum.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade em aveia em ambientes estratificados

Twenty oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) were evaluated for grain yield in the crop year of 2001 and 2002 in nine different locations in Parana, Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo states, Brazil. The objectives of this work were to obtain adaptability and stability parameters estimates in favorable and unfavorable environments with and without fungicide application. The methodology of EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966) was applied. The significance for years, genotypes, fungicides and locals indicated a differential behavior of genotypes in favorable and unfavorable environments with and without fungicide application. Data analysis shows that fungicide application and the favorable and unfavorable environment affected intensely the parameters of adaptability (b1) and stability (s2di), indicating that these estimates must be performed in stratified environmental conditions, despite the fact that no ideal biotype was found, as predicted by the adopted model.

Verificação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade de populações de cenoura pelos métodos AMMI, GGE biplot e REML/BLUP

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de populacoes de cenoura diante de ambientes com cultivo orgânico e convencional e realizar a comparacao entre as metodologias estatisticas utilizadas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em 2007 e 2008, em cinco locais. Em Sao Gotardo (MG); Irece (BA) e Gama (DF) foi realizado cultivo convencional e em PAD (DF) (Programa de Assentamento Dirigido do Distrito Federal) e Gama (DF) foi utilizado o sistema de cultivo orgânico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes e parcelas de 1 m2. Foram avaliadas sete populacoes de cenoura do grupo Brasilia: 0912545, 0912532, 0912520, BRS Planalto, Esplanada, Brasilia e Alvorada. Aos cem dias apos a semeadura, foi determinada em cada parcela, em gramas, a massa das raizes com padrao comercial. Para a avaliacao da adaptabilidade e estabilidade foram aplicados os metodos AMMI, GGE Biplot e REML/BLUP. As analises AMMI e GGE Biplot foram bastante semelhantes na verificacao da adaptabilidade e estabilidade das populacoes de cenoura, e GGE Biplot agrupou de maneira mais clara os ambientes mais favoraveis e desfavoraveis. A analise REML/BLUP se destacou das demais e apesar de nao informar sobre o agrupamento de locais mais semelhantes, apresenta os resultados em funcao de valores genotipicos levando em consideracao os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. As populacoes com melhor adaptabilidade e estabilidade foram 0912532, BRS Planalto e 0912520.

Seleção em gerações iniciais para caracteres agronômicos em batata

A presente revisao objetivou fazer algumas consideracoes sobre a selecao nas geracoes iniciais (geracao de plântula, primeira e segunda geracao clonal) e as implicacoes no melhoramento genetico de batata. Em batata, onde milhares de plântulas tem que ser avaliadas para possibilitar a identificacao de um genotipo superior e, considerando os elevados custos com o processo de melhoramento da cultura, e imprescindivel o aprimoramento das tecnicas de selecao pela utilizacao de informacoes provenientes da experimentacao. A exclusao dos genotipos inferiores o mais cedo possivel, por meio da selecao em geracoes iniciais, evita que genotipos inferiores sejam mantidos nos ensaios de campo, proporcionando reducoes consideraveis de custos pela menor utilizacao de insumos, area de plantio e mao de obra. Apesar de serem encontrados na literatura consultada alguns casos indicando a baixa eficiencia na selecao de genotipos de batata em geracoes precoces, principalmente para caracteres quantitativos; pode-se tambem observar situacoes onde este tipo de selecao mostrou-se eficiente. Pode-se concluir que ha evidencias que a selecao nas geracoes iniciais, comecando na geracao de plântula, seja uma opcao viavel, possibilitando maior versatilidade e eficiencia aos programas de melhoramento de batata. No entanto, devem ser definidos os caracteres mais eficazes de serem selecionados e a pressao de selecao a ser aplicada, para nao correr o risco de eliminar materiais que deveriam ser mantidos na populacao.

Variabilidade fenotípica de caracteres adaptativos da aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) em cruzamentos dialélicos

Plant breeding is based on the pursue of an amplification of genetic variability through planned crosses. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to study the formed populations, in order to predict the potential of different parental combinations, allowing a higher selection efficiency for the desired trait, optimizing genetics gains. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the phenotypic variability of the characters plant stature, vegetative cycle and reproductive cycle in F2 generation and to predict the best combinations to obtain superior genetic constitutions. Therefore, five oat genotypes (UPF 16, UPF 18, UFRGS 7, UFRGS 17 and URPEL 15) were crossed in a diallelic format, without reciprocal crosses, for the development of F2 populations. To analyze population variability, the following parameters were used: mean, variance and asymmetry of frequency distribution. The crosses UPF 16 x UFRGS 17 and UFRGS 17 x URPEL 15 produced a large amount of plants with shorter stature. For the character vegetative cycle, UPF 16 x UPF 18, UPF 16 x UFRGS 7, UPF 16 x UFRGS 17, UPF 16 x URPEL 15, UFRGS 7 x UFRGS 17 and UFRGS 7 x URPEL 15 were the crosses that produced short cycle plants. UPF 16 x UFRGS 17 and UPF 16 x URPEL 15 produced a large number of long-cycled progenies.

Rendimento de tubérculos de três cultivares de batata sob condições de estiagem

Tuber yield of tree potato cultivars under drought conditions The performance of the potato cultivars BRS Ana, BRS Clara, and Agata was verified, grown under naturally-induced water stress, in relation to tuber yield. The experiment was carried out in the 2011/2012 season, in the Anta Gorda locality, Canoinhas, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with eight replications, and plots with three rows of 10 plants in each row. One hundred twelve days after planting, the plants of each plot were harvested and evaluated for tuber yield traits. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and grouping of means. The potato cultivar BRS Ana had higher yield of tubers than ‘BRS Clara’ and ‘Agata’, but was favored by the rains. ‘BRS Clara’ and ‘Agata’, which were most affected by the drought, produced the same number and mass of marketable tubers, though ‘BRS Clara’ produced tubers with a higher average mass, suggesting a higher tolerance to drought.

Consistency of two stability analysis methods in potatoes

The objective of this research was to compare the consistency of the bi-segmented and AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis) methods for estimating yield stability in potatoes. Data of ten genotypes evaluated in 34 environments (local, growing season and year combinations) of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in 1994 and 1995 were used. Three data sets were analyzed: 34-environment data set and two 17-environment data subsets, which were chosen by randomly dividing the total data set. For the 34-environment data set, the models gave similar results in relation to the stable genotypes, but they differed with regard to the unstable genotypes. For the 17-environment data sets, the bi-segmented model showed more consistent results, either between subsets or between these and the total data set. For the AMMI model, only the Santo Amor genotype showed consistency between one of the subsets and the total data set. In this work, the bi-segmented method was shown to be more consistent than the AMMI model.

Diversidade e estrutura genética para virulência de três populações sul brasileiras de Puccinia coronata

Studies on the genetic diversity and structure of pathogen populations by mean of known resistance genes are important as they allow the direct access to virulence/avirulence genes of individuals in target populations. Therefore, the goal of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of three Puccinia coronata f. sp avenae Fraser & Led populations from the State of Rio Grande do Sul by using a standard phenotypical assay of virulence/avirulence of 40 isolates to 25 Pcs genes. The results indicated that despite of the high variability for virulence of Southern brazilian isolates, the population showed a moderate genetic diversity, mainly as a function of the high virulence presented by the isolates. Basically, no difference was found in the frequency of virulence genes among the isolates collected in Capao do Leao, Eldorado do Sul and Passo Fundo counties, suggesting that the pathogen populations are not structured. The results indicated the need of a strategy for disease control in these three locations.