Armen Thomassian

Effects of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate and exercise on equine tendon healing: Gross and histological aspects

Abstract In the present study, the effects of intralesional injections of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN-F) was assessed in equine experimental tendinitis. BAPN-F is a lathyrogen which inhibits, crosslinking of collagen, permitting more time for parallel reorientation of the repair tissue. Sixteen two-year-old Arabian horses without health problems were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into two groups: group one was left in box rest, and group two was submitted to controlled exercise during the experiment. Tendinitis was induced with collagenase in the superficial flexor tendon of both forelimbs. Twenty days after the induction of tendinitis, intralesional treatment with BAPN-F was performed and the contralateral limbs received saline. A biopsy was obtained and gross and histopathological analysis was performed on the 150th day of the experiment. The collagen fibrillar alignment pattern in the healing area was better in the BAPN-F group submitted to controlled exercise than in the other group, as observed by sonographic and histopathologic examination. The present results indicate that BAPN-F in combination with controlled loading improved scar remodeling and tendon wound collagen maturation.

Prevalência de helicobactérias e alterações na mucosa gástrica de cães saudáveis

Prevalence, distribution and density of gastric helicobacter colonization were determined in 50 healthy dogs, characterizing the macroscopic and microcospic aspects of their mucosa. Helicobacter prevalence was 96%, with greater distribution in the gastric fundus and body. Although the presence of macroscopic alterations was high (58%), it was characterized as mild due to the predominance of less severe ones (65.5%). High prevalence of mostly monoclear cell infriltate (64.7%) was noted. Association between the presence of helicobacter and macro and microscopic alterations was not observed.

Alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 arteriais e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de cavalos da raça Árabe durante exercício em esteira de alta velocidade

Changes in arterial blood pH, PO2 and PCO2, and blood lactate concentration in Arabian horses during exercise on a high-speed treadmill were investigated. Eleven horses were submitted to a conditioning period as well as to the incremental exercise test. The arterial and venous blood samples were obtained to evaluate the blood gas values and lactate concentration, prior to the beginning of the exercise, on the last 15 final seconds between every change of speed and at the 1, 3 and 5 minutes after the exercise. A decrease in pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the blood lactate levels exponentially increase beyond the speed of 8m/s, during the incremental exercise test.

Comparação de diferentes doses de colagenase em modelo de indução de tendinite para eqüinos: estudo clínico e ultra-sonográfico

In this study, tendinous injuries were induced experimentally in horses, through the administration of different doses of collagenase. Twelve horses, clinically healthy, were distributed into two groups that received different doses of collagenase. Group 1 (G1) received 1.25mg and Group 2 (G2) received 2.5mg of collagenase. With the needle positioned at the center of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the equine forelimbs, different doses of collagenase were applied in agreement the experimental group. The monitoring of colagenase-induced tendonitis was based on physical and ultrasonographic exams, carried out every seven days until the period of 28 days post-induction. In the images of ultrasound were evaluated the echogenicity, the percentage of injured area, degree of reduction and severity of injuries of colagenase-induced tendonitis. The most accurate parameter in response to different doses of collagenase administered was the percentage of area injured in the interior of the tendon. The G2 presented one better ultrasonographic reply of the tendonitis of the superficial digital flexor for the accomplishment of experimental studies.

Aderências peritoneais em eqüinos: tratamento profilático com carboximetilcelulose

Peritoneal adhesions form very often in horses submitted to laparotomy. Adhesions may be assymptomatic or they could cause complications such as colic and intestinal obstruction, sometimes with vascular strangulation. To evaluate intra-peritoneal use of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in prevention of peritoneal adhesions in horses, the following experiment was conducted: eighteen clinically normal mixed breed horses were anesthetized and submitted to ventral midline laparotomy. Lesions in the distal jejunum were produced to induce peritoneal adhesion formation. In four horses (block I) six lesions were created: one segment 45cm in length was submitted to ischemia by ocluding mural circulation and mesenteric vessels for two hours; in five small areas with approximately three x five centimeters serosal abrasion was produced by rubbing a dry gauze sponge 100 times with a single chromic catgut suture placed in the center through the seromuscular layer. For the other fourteen animals (block II) the model adopted was similar with small chances: instead of one ischemic segment, four segments 25cm in length were created: abrasion of the five areas was produced with the jaw of an open Rochester forceps; the suture made in the center of the abrasion areas was a line of a simple continuous pattern with 2.5cm in length approximately. Horses were randomly placed into two groups. In nine animals (treatment group), a volume of 7 ml/kg of 1%cmC was instilled in the peritoneal cavity before abdominal wall synthesis. In the other nine animals (control group) the wall was sutured in the same way, but no drug was instilled in the peritoneal cavity. Horses were monitored daily. All animals were submitted to euthanasiu and necropsy fourteen days after surgery. Six of the nine animals in the control group and four of nine animals of treatment group developed peritaneal adhesions. There were no significant differences between the numher of animals with adhesians in the two groups nor between the number and the grade of adhesions developed in the groups. Animals in the treatment group did not show any sign of toxicity or hypersensivity forcmC. Based on these results it may be concluded that carboxymethylcellulose was not efficient in preventing peritoneal adhesions in equine small intestine induced by serosal abrasion and ischemia. Also it may be concluded that this drug did not cause any collateral effects neither impaired peritoneal healing.

Parafusos bioabsorvíveis na reparação de fraturas experimentais de sesamóides proximais em eqüinos

Avaliou-se a eficacia dos implantes bioabsorviveis de acido polilatico na fixacao interna de fraturas induzidas no osso sesamoide proximal de equinos. Osteossinteses foram realizadas em oito equinos, distribuidos em dois grupos de quatro animais conforme o implante: aqueles que receberam implantes bioabsorviveis formaram o grupo GI e os que receberam implantes metalicos do grupo GII. O monitoramento radiografico foi realizado no 30° dia (D30), no 60° dia (D60), no 90° dia (D90) e no 120o dia (D120) pos-operatorio. Ao exame radiografico no D30, observou-se preenchimento do foco de fratura de aspecto radiopaco, porem com densidade reduzida nos animais do grupo GII. Tal preenchimento as analises clinica e radiografica apresentou qualidade superior no grupo GI, quando comparado com o grupo GII. No D120, observou-se, nos animais de ambos os grupos, ao exame radiografico, o preenchimento do foco de fratura por tecido radiopaco, indicando a reparacao da fratura em sua quase totalidade. Contudo, no GI, observaram-se pontos de esclerose ao redor do implante bioabsorvivel e, ao exame fisico, ausencia de claudicacao e, nos animais do GII, diminuicao da flexao metacarpo-falangeana e claudicacao de grau I. Os implantes bioabsorviveis de PLLA mostram-se eficazes na fixacao interna de fraturas induzidas dos ossos sesamoides proximais de equinos; os animais submetidos a reducao da fratura com implantes bioabsorviveis apresentaram ao final do experimento grau de claudicacao menor quando comparados com os animais que receberam implantes metalicos. A analise radiografica, os implantes bioabsorviveis de PLLA possibilitaram remodelamento osseo de melhor qualidade, quando comparados com os implantes metalicos.

Doença vestibular periférica decorrente de osteoartropatia temporoioídea em um eqüino

A 22-year-old gelding showed vestibular syndrome associated with left facial nerve paralysis due to temporohyoid osteoarthropathy and the diagnostic was confirmed by guttural pouch endoscopic examination. The exam revealed abnormal contour of the left tympanic bulla and an enlargement of the proximal part of the left stylohyoid bone.

O treinamento nos valores da V200, FCpico e distância percorrida de cavalos da raça Árabe e Crioula

Avaliou-se o efeito do treinamento em esteira sobre a velocidade na qual a frequencia cardiaca (FC) atinge o valor de 200 batimentos por minuto (V200), frequencia cardiaca pico (FCpico) e sobre a distância percorrida em duas racas de equinos com aptidoes diferentes. Para tanto, foram utilizados cinco equinos adultos da raca Arabe (GA) e cinco da raca Crioula (GC), submetidos ao teste padrao de exercicio progressivo (TPEP) com inclinacao da esteira de 6%, velocidade inicial de 1,8m s-1 por 5 minutos, fases a 4m s-1 por 3 minutos, a 6m s-1 por 2 minutos e fases a 8m s-1, 9m s-1, 10m s-1 e 11m s-1 por 1 minuto cada, ate os cavalos nao acompanharem a velocidade da esteira, mesmo sendo estimulados. A V200 de cada cavalo foi determinada atraves da regressao linear da FC versus a velocidade antes (M0) e apos o treinamento (M1). O consumo maximo de oxigenio (VO2max) individual foi determinado para o calculo da carga de trabalho nas nove semanas de treinamento, sendo cinco semanas com a carga de 35% VO2max, duas a 50% VO2max e duas a 100% VO2max. Os exercicios foram realizados uma vez por dia, cinco dias por semana e com inclinacao de 6%. A media da V200 antes do treinamento (M0) foi 7,4±0,5 e 7,4±1,2m s-1, para o GA e GC, respectivamente, e apos o treinamento (M1) foi 7,8±0,8 e 7,0±0,7m s-1, para o GA e GC, respectivamente. A media da FCpico no M0 foi 221,6±9,0 e 207,4±7,3bpm para o GA e GC, respectivamente, e no M1 foi 226,0±8,4 e 215,0±7,7bpm, para o GA e GC, respectivamente. A distância percorrida em metros no M0 foi de 3.391,0±252,0 e 2.446,0±96,3m para o GA e GC respectivamente, e no M1 foi de 3.850,8±462,2 e 2.698,6±335,8m para o GA e GC, respectivamente. Para a V200, nao foram observadas diferencas significativas entre os grupos (P=0,4643) e os momentos (P=1,0). Para a FCpico, houve diferenca estatistica entre os grupos (P=0,0064), mas nao entre os momentos (P=0,1348) . Para a distância percorrida, houve diferenca estatistica entre os grupos (P=0,0002) e entre os momentos (P=0,0092). Provavelmente, o treinamento condicionou os equinos a antecipar o exercicio quando encaminhados a esteira, elevando a FC e influenciando nos valores da V200. Conclui-se que a V200 foi ineficaz para a constatacao de diferencas no desempenho atletico entre as duas racas e para avaliacao do efeito do treinamento em esteira. Demonstrando a necessidade da associacao de outros indices de desempenho como a distância percorrida para assegurar a devida interpretacao do efeito de programas de treinamento sobre o desempenho de equinos em testes fisicos de exercicio.

Estudo retrospectivo de 11 casos de aerofagia em equinos operados pela técnica de miectomia de Forssell modificada

The objective of this study was to observe the long-term results of the modifica Forssells operation to correct windsucking in 11 horses. The post-operative results was obtained by telephone and written reports, 4 to 36 months after operation. Seven animals (63.3%) became free of the vice. while two horses (18.1%) were recorded as having partial improvement. The other two horses (18.1%), retumed to windsucking as the same as before surgery. Cosmetic results were considered excellent in the owners opinion.

Efeito da idade e sexo sobre a concentração sérica de eritropoietina em equinos da raça Árabe

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Kohayagawa A., Saito M.E., Teixeira A.B., Watanabe M.J. & Tho-massian A. 2012. [ Effect of age and gender about the serum concentration of eritro-poetin in Arabian horses. ] Efeito da idade e sexo sobre a concentracao serica de eri-tropoetina em equinos da raca Arabe. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(Supl.1):21-24. Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Hospital de Clinica Veterinaria, Centro de Ciencias Agroveterinarias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@hotmail.comThe erythropoietin (EPO) is a glicoproteic grow factor synthesized by the adjacent cells in the proximal renal tubes and controlled by feedback mechanism that involve the tension of tissular oxygen. In the presence of low tension of arterial oxygen, the production of EPO increases and it causes a major production of erythrocytes in the marrowbone. Due to poor knowledge of the serum concentration of erythropoietin in equines and the absence of in-formation about the differences between age and gender, the aim of this study was to com -pare the serum concentration of erythropoietin in Arabian horses, clinically healthy with different age and gender. A total of 31 horses were used from 6 to 12 months old (young) and over 24 months old (adult), 13 males (six young and seven adult) and 18 females (ei-ght young and ten adult) clinically healthy. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein using a vacuntainer with blood clot gel activator and the serum was separated by centri-fugation and stored until the time of processing. The EPO serum concentration was mea-sured by radioimmunoassay method (RIA) using a commercial kit (EPO Trac TM