Arnaldo Yoso Sakamoto

Markov chains–cellular automata modeling and multicriteria analysis of land cover change in the Lower Nhecolândia subregion of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland

Abstract. The dynamics of land use/land cover change in the Lower Nhecolândia wetland are marked by deforestation for pasture expansion, resulting in a real threat to the ecological stability. The aim of our work was to analyze the spatial distribution of land cover changes in the Lower Nhecolândia from 1985 to 2013 and to predict changes in trends for 2040. The mapping of land cover changes was developed using Landsat satellite images of 1985, 1999, 2007, and 2013, based on geographic object-based image analysis approach. This study uses integrated Markov chains and cellular automata modeling and multicriteria evaluation techniques to produce transition probability maps and describe the trajectory analysis methodology to construct a continuity of spatial and temporal changes for the wetland. The results of the multitemporal change detection classification show that, from 1985 to 2013, the forest woodland decreased by 6.89% and the grassland class increased by 18.29%. On the other hand, all water bodies showed a reducing trend, while the bare soil class increased compared to 1985, but did not present a regular trend of increase or decrease. From the present day, the trend for the future is a reduction of almost 6.4% by 2040. We found that deforestation actions will be concentrated in the areas with the highest concentration of saline lakes, constituting a serious threat to the natural functioning of this environmental system.

Remote sensing and GIS applied to assessment of environmental fragility in the River Basin

Le bassin hydrographique de la haute riviere Coxim (BHC), d’une superficie d’environ 1375 km², est situe dans la partie nord de l’etat de Mato Grosso do Sud sur les municipalites de Sao Gabriel do Oeste-MS et de Camapua-MS. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer la vulnerabilite de l’environnement du BHC en utilisant la methode de logique floue dans un systeme d’information geographique (SIG) afin de proposer un modele d’amenagement territorial. Les donnees spatiales utilisees ont ete integrees dans un SIG. La generation du modele d’amenagement territorial ete realisee en fonction de la cartographie de la fragilite de l’environnement et de la legislation environnementale. Les resultats ont montre une relation significative entre les caracteristiques de l’espace (ex : topographie) et leurs usages: agriculture mecanisee dans la Chapada de Sao Gabriel et developpement de l’elevage dans les collines du Plateau du Taquari. Les lignes directrices etablies par le type de propositions d’amenagement etaient des secteurs prioritaires pour la conservation, secteur prioritaire pour la rehabilitation et les aires d’utilisation durable.The Upper Coxim River Basin (UCB) has an area of approximately 1375 km2 located in the municipalities of São Gabriel do Oeste and Camapuã in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the environmental fragility of the UCB using fuzzy logic implemented at a Geographic Information System to propose a model of physical-territorial management. Spatial data used were arranged in a database implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The generation of the physical-territorial management model was carried out considering preparation of UCB relief mapping, potential natural erosion, land-use and land-cover, environmental fragility and, environmental legislation. Results indicated a significant relationship between landforms and their uses: mechanized agriculture in the Chapada of the São Gabriel and livestock development on the Plateau Taquari hills. The guidelines set out by the type of land use proposals were: Priority areas for permanent preservation, priority area for rehabilitation and preservation and areas for sustainable use.

LEVANTAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS UNIDADES DE PAISAGENS DA ÁREA DO PANTANAL DO ABOBRAL - MS

RESUMO O trabalho foi realizado na sub-regiao do Pantanal do Abobral, e tem como objetivo, identificar e caracterizar a paisagem da area do Pantanal do Abobral, a sua organizacao e dinâmica hidrica atual relacionadas com as unidades das paisagens. A metodologia adotada em campo para o estudo da paisagem dessa sub-regiao foi um levantamento foto descritivo das duas areas selecionadas, de abrangencia do Rio Abobral e a coleta de amostras da cobertura vegetal predominante de cada area estudada, Foi delimitada uma area que corresponde a um quadrado de 20x20, e a identificacao das amostras e tabulacao em laboratorio. As paisagens mesmo com interferencia do homem obedecem a um padrao onde em pontos mais altos encontram-se areas com vegetacao mais densa (capao de mata) e no campo com especimes arboreos espalhadas de maneira aleatoria. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paisagem. Vegetacao. Pantanal do Abobral. SURVEY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSCAPES UNITS OF PANTANAL DO ABOBRAL - MS ABSTRACT The work was carried out in the subregion Abobral the Pantanal, and aims to identify and characterize the landscape Abobral the Pantanal area, your organization and current water dynamics related to the units of the landscape. The methodology used in the field to study the landscape of this sub-region was a descriptive photo survey of the two selected areas, spanning the Rio Abobral and collecting samples of the predominant vegetation cover of each study area, an area was delimited corresponding to a square of 20x20, and sample identification and tabulation in the laboratory. The landscapes even with human interference follow a pattern in which the highest points are areas with denser vegetation (forest gelding) and field with tree specimens scattered randomly. KEYWORDS: Landscape. Vegetation. Pantanal do Abobral. ENCUESTA Y CARACTERISTICAS DE PAISAJES DE AREA DE PANTANAL DO ABOBRAL - MS RESUMEN El trabajo se llevo a cabo en la subregion Abobral el Pantanal, y tiene como objetivo identificar y caracterizar el paisaje Abobral la zona del Pantanal, su organizacion y la dinamica del agua de actualidad relacionados con las unidades de paisaje. La metodologia utilizada en el campo para estudiar el paisaje de esta subregion fue una encuesta foto descriptiva de las dos areas seleccionadas, que abarca el Rio Abobral y la recoleccion de muestras de la cubierta vegetal predominante de cada area de estudio, un area fue delimitada correspondiente a un cuadrado de 20x20, y la identificacion de la muestra y la tabulacion en el laboratorio. Los paisajes, incluso con la interferencia humana siguen un patron en el que los puntos mas altos son las zonas con vegetacion mas densa (castrado bosque) y el campo con ejemplares de arboles dispersos al azar. PALABRAS CLAVE: Paisaje. Vegetacion. Pantanal Abobral.

Utilização de imagem de alta resolução espacial para o mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal

O presente trabalho objetivou aplicar uma abordagem metodologica que utiliza tecnica de segmentacao associada a analise e interpretacao visual de imagens de alta resolucao no mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal da bacia hidrografica do corrego Guanandy, municipio de Aquidauana- MS, Brasil. A abordagem metodologica proposta fundamentou-se em procedimentos digitais de imagem que utilizam imagens de alta resolucao espacial, tecnica de segmentacao e interpretacao visual de imagens. O mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal foi divido em 6 seis etapas: 1a Captura das imagens de satelite GeoEye no ArcMap 10® Online; 2a Mosaico das cenas; 3a Segmentacao e extracao de regioes, 4a Elaboracao da chave de interpretacao, 5a Classificacao visual em ambiente SPRING 5.2 e 6a Exatidao da classificacao. Como resultado foram mapeadas 7 classes de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal. As imagens de alta resolucao espacial submetidas a combinacao da tecnica de segmentacao e o metodo de interpretacao visual, apresentaram resultados satisfatorios de classificacao, com exatidao global de 91% e indice Kappa de 0,90, considerado “excelente”. Palavras-chave: Segmentacao,; indice kappa; SPRING. DOI: 10.5902/2236499414954