Vitor Matheus Bacani

Cluster analysis applied to the spatial and temporal variability of monthly rainfall in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) located in Brazil Midwest is devoid of climatological studies, mainly in the characterization of rainfall regime and producers’ meteorological systems and rain inhibitors. This state has different soil and climatic characteristics distributed among three biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal. This study aimed to apply the cluster analysis using Ward’s algorithm and identify those meteorological systems that affect the rainfall regime in the biomes. The rainfall data of 32 stations (sites) of the MS State were obtained from the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) database, collected from 1954 to 2013. In each of the 384 monthly rainfall temporal series was calculated the average and applied the Ward’s algorithm to identify spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. Bartlett’s test revealed only in January homogeneous variance at all sites. Run test showed that there was no increase or decrease in trend of monthly rainfall. Cluster analysis identified five rainfall homogeneous regions in the MS State, followed by three seasons (rainy, transitional and dry). The rainy season occurs during the months of November, December, January, February and March. The transitional season ranges between the months of April and May, September and October. The dry season occurs in June, July and August. The groups G1, G4 and G5 are influenced by South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone (SASA), Chaco’s Low (CL), Bolivia’s High (BH), Low Levels Jet (LLJ) and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and Maden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Group G2 is influenced by Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV) and Front Systems (FS). The group G3 is affected by UTCV, FS and SACZ. The meteorological systems’ interaction that operates in each biome and the altitude causes the rainfall spatial and temporal diversity in MS State.

Spatial Interpolation of Annual Rainfall in the State Mato Grosso Do Sul (Brazil) Using Different Transitive Theoretical Mathematical Models

Based on the interpolation method ordinary kriging, it was compared the spherical, exponential, Gaussian and circular models that best fits in the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The rainfall data from 32 sites were obtained from the database of the National Water Agency - ANA, in the period 1954-2013. The variographic parameters evaluated were nugget effect, level and reach. From these, were calculated the Index of Spatial Dependence. The criteria used to choose the best transitive theoretical mathematical model were the root of the root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson‟s correlation coefficient (d), mean absolute error (EMA) and mean error percentage (EMP), index of agreement (d) and coefficient of determination (R²). The transitive theoretical mathematical models circular, spherical and Gaussian and can be used with satisfactory performance for data interpolation of annual rainfall in State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Markov chains–cellular automata modeling and multicriteria analysis of land cover change in the Lower Nhecolândia subregion of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland

Abstract. The dynamics of land use/land cover change in the Lower Nhecolândia wetland are marked by deforestation for pasture expansion, resulting in a real threat to the ecological stability. The aim of our work was to analyze the spatial distribution of land cover changes in the Lower Nhecolândia from 1985 to 2013 and to predict changes in trends for 2040. The mapping of land cover changes was developed using Landsat satellite images of 1985, 1999, 2007, and 2013, based on geographic object-based image analysis approach. This study uses integrated Markov chains and cellular automata modeling and multicriteria evaluation techniques to produce transition probability maps and describe the trajectory analysis methodology to construct a continuity of spatial and temporal changes for the wetland. The results of the multitemporal change detection classification show that, from 1985 to 2013, the forest woodland decreased by 6.89% and the grassland class increased by 18.29%. On the other hand, all water bodies showed a reducing trend, while the bare soil class increased compared to 1985, but did not present a regular trend of increase or decrease. From the present day, the trend for the future is a reduction of almost 6.4% by 2040. We found that deforestation actions will be concentrated in the areas with the highest concentration of saline lakes, constituting a serious threat to the natural functioning of this environmental system.

GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO À ANÁLISE DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL (geoprocessing applied to environmental fragility analysis)

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrografica do corrego Indaia/MS, utilizando tecnicas de geoprocessamento. Os procedimentos tecnicos cientificos empregados consistiram na aplicacao da proposta metodologica elaborada por Ross (1994) e na adaptacao da metodologia proposta por Crepani et al. (2001) com uso de Sistema de Informacao Geografica (SIG). Os resultados mostraram quatro niveis de fragilidade: baixa, media, alta e muito alta, ocupando 4,44%, 42,10%, 53% e 0,31% da area da bacia, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a bacia do corrego Indaia apresenta um predominio de baixo e medio grau de fragilidade potencial, entretanto quando considerado o fator antropico tem-se um predominio de alta fragilidade ambiental, indicando estado de alerta em relacao a intensificacao da ocupacao, sobretudo nas areas onde se encontram instalados os atuais assentamentos rurais. Palavras-chave: Uso e ocupacao da terra, Vulnerabilidade ambiental, Erosao, Assentamento Indaia, Aquidauana-MS. Abstract The aim of this study aimed to analyze the environmental fragility analysis of a watershed Indaia stream-MS, using geoprocessing techniques. The scientific technical procedures employed consisted in the application of the proposed methodology developed by Ross (1994) and adapting the methodology proposed by Crepani et al. (2001) using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed four fragility levels: low, medium, high and very high, occupying 4.44%, 42.10%, 53% and 0.31% of the watershed area, respectively. It is concluded that of a watershed Indaia stream presents a low prevalence and average degree of potential fragility, however when considering the anthropic factor has a high environmental fragility prevalence, indicating alertness regarding the intensification of the occupation, particularly in areas where installed the current rural settlements. Key words: land use and occupation, environmental vulnerability, erosion, Indaia settlement, Aquidauana-MS. Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la fragilidad ambiental de la cuenca de Corrego Indaia/MS, utilizando tecnicas de geoprocesamiento. Los procedimientos tecnicos y cientificos empleadas consistieron en la aplicacion de la metodologia propuesta por Ross (1994) y en la adaptacion de la metodologia propuesta por Crepani et al. (2001), utilizando el Sistema de Informacion Geografica (SIG). Los resultados mostraron cuatro niveles de fragilidad: baja, media, alta y muy alta, ocupando 4,44% , 42,10 % , 53 % y el 0,31 % de la superficie de la cuenca, respectivamente. Se concluye que la cuenca del Corrego Indaia presenta una prevalencia de grado bajo y medio de debilidad ambiental. Sin embargo, cuando se considera el factor antropico tiene una prevalencia de alto grado en la fragilidad ambiental, lo que indica el estado de alerta con la intensificacion de la ocupacion, sobre todo en areas en las que instalan los asentamientos rurales actuales. Mots cles: Hygieniste, Epidemies, Pratiques urbaines.

GEOPROCESSING APPLIED TO RISK ASSESSMENT OF FOREST FIRES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL

Incendios florestais constituem uma ameaca permanente em areas com uma interface urbano-florestal e provocam consideravel dano ambiental, sobretudo em unidades de conservacao. Um modo eficiente de auxiliar a tomada de decisao para evitar a intensificacao de incendios florestais e atraves da avaliacao de risco por meio de Sistema de Informacao Geografica (SIG). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco de incendio florestal do municipio de Bodoquena-MS, por meio de dados de sensoriamento remoto e tecnicas de analise espacial implementadas em um SIG. Os procedimentos metodologicos fundamentaram-se em tecnicas de analise espacial para elaboracao de cartas de probabilidade de ocorrencia de incendio com base no calculo de distância euclidiana, no metodo estatistico de Kernel, na transformacao fuzzy e combinacao pelo metodo de sobreposicao difusa crescente. Os resultados mostraram alto risco de incendio florestal as margens da area urbana, assentamentos rurais e das principais estradas que cortam o municipio, alem do entorno de unidades de conservacao. Conclui-se que o municipio de Bodoquena apresenta alto risco de incendio florestal em areas de elevada riqueza de biodiversidade, com destaque para o entono do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena e o Pantanal sul-mato-grossense.

Remote sensing and GIS applied to assessment of environmental fragility in the River Basin

Le bassin hydrographique de la haute riviere Coxim (BHC), d’une superficie d’environ 1375 km², est situe dans la partie nord de l’etat de Mato Grosso do Sud sur les municipalites de Sao Gabriel do Oeste-MS et de Camapua-MS. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer la vulnerabilite de l’environnement du BHC en utilisant la methode de logique floue dans un systeme d’information geographique (SIG) afin de proposer un modele d’amenagement territorial. Les donnees spatiales utilisees ont ete integrees dans un SIG. La generation du modele d’amenagement territorial ete realisee en fonction de la cartographie de la fragilite de l’environnement et de la legislation environnementale. Les resultats ont montre une relation significative entre les caracteristiques de l’espace (ex : topographie) et leurs usages: agriculture mecanisee dans la Chapada de Sao Gabriel et developpement de l’elevage dans les collines du Plateau du Taquari. Les lignes directrices etablies par le type de propositions d’amenagement etaient des secteurs prioritaires pour la conservation, secteur prioritaire pour la rehabilitation et les aires d’utilisation durable.The Upper Coxim River Basin (UCB) has an area of approximately 1375 km2 located in the municipalities of São Gabriel do Oeste and Camapuã in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the environmental fragility of the UCB using fuzzy logic implemented at a Geographic Information System to propose a model of physical-territorial management. Spatial data used were arranged in a database implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The generation of the physical-territorial management model was carried out considering preparation of UCB relief mapping, potential natural erosion, land-use and land-cover, environmental fragility and, environmental legislation. Results indicated a significant relationship between landforms and their uses: mechanized agriculture in the Chapada of the São Gabriel and livestock development on the Plateau Taquari hills. The guidelines set out by the type of land use proposals were: Priority areas for permanent preservation, priority area for rehabilitation and preservation and areas for sustainable use.

Zoneamento ambiental de bacia hidrográfica ocupada por assentamento rural: estudo de caso do Córrego Indaiá- MS

The installation of a rural settlement complex in the watershed stream Indaia has promoted changes in land-use and vegetation cover dynamics.In this sense, environmental zoning is a good alternative for the adequate management of natural resources. The aim of this work was to elaborate an environmental zoning proposal for the watershed stream Indaia, located in the southeastern of the municipality of Aquidauana in the state MS. The environmental zoning was elaborated through combination of environmental fragility data, land-use and vegetation cover and brazilian forest code, starting spatial analysis using geotechnologies. The results obtained were very satisfactory and allowed the definition of five environmental zones: high restriction agropastoril development zone (36.56%), agropastoril development zone (21.30%), special protection zone (28.56%), zone maximum protection (6.82%) and the strategic recovery zone (6.76%). The proposal of environmental zoning indicated efficiently areas for the preservation of natural resources and economic activities that can be carried out in the watershed stream Indaia.

SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO APLICADO AOS ESTUDOS GEOGRÁFICOS: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DOS TRABALHOS SUBMETIDOS AO XI ENANPEGE

O Sensoriamento Remoto (SR) e um dos principais representantes das geotecnologias. A constante inovacao no SR e nas geotecnologias exigem cuidados no tocante aos procedimentos metodologicos, a fim de assegurar resultados confiaveis. O objetivo deste trabalho e verificar as principais aplicacoes do SR na geografia, e discutir sobre os entraves e potencialidades verificados pela comunidade geografica, a partir da analise dos trabalhos submetidos no Grupo de Trabalho: Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado aos Estudos Geograficos, do ENANPEGE, 2015. Nota-se a expressiva utilizacao do SR em estudos da geografia. Contudo, ao contrario do patamar de desenvolvimento que se encontram as ferramentas e tecnicas de SR (ex. diversidade de sensores, resolucoes, etc.), parte das aplicacoes presentes nos trabalhos indica a subutilizacao do SR. Embora existam demandas de estudos que se pautem no uso do SR e demais geotecnologias na geografia, ainda e necessario investir na formacao teorica e pratica dos usuarios.

Utilização de imagem de alta resolução espacial para o mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal

O presente trabalho objetivou aplicar uma abordagem metodologica que utiliza tecnica de segmentacao associada a analise e interpretacao visual de imagens de alta resolucao no mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal da bacia hidrografica do corrego Guanandy, municipio de Aquidauana- MS, Brasil. A abordagem metodologica proposta fundamentou-se em procedimentos digitais de imagem que utilizam imagens de alta resolucao espacial, tecnica de segmentacao e interpretacao visual de imagens. O mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal foi divido em 6 seis etapas: 1a Captura das imagens de satelite GeoEye no ArcMap 10® Online; 2a Mosaico das cenas; 3a Segmentacao e extracao de regioes, 4a Elaboracao da chave de interpretacao, 5a Classificacao visual em ambiente SPRING 5.2 e 6a Exatidao da classificacao. Como resultado foram mapeadas 7 classes de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal. As imagens de alta resolucao espacial submetidas a combinacao da tecnica de segmentacao e o metodo de interpretacao visual, apresentaram resultados satisfatorios de classificacao, com exatidao global de 91% e indice Kappa de 0,90, considerado “excelente”. Palavras-chave: Segmentacao,; indice kappa; SPRING. DOI: 10.5902/2236499414954

ANÁLISE DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL POTENCIAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO RIBEIRÃO DOIS CÓRREGOS, SELVÍRIA (MS), UTILIZANDO TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de analisar a fragilidade ambiental potencial da Bacia Hidrografica do Corrego Ribeirao Dois Corregos, localizado no municipio de Selviria (MS). A proposta do trabalho foi a de elaborar o mapeamento de fragilidade ambiental potencial aos processos erosivos, usando a proposta metodologica de Ross (1994) e Crepani et al. (2001) e adaptando-as. Os resultados indicaram que os maiores indices de precipitacao, se concentram no alto e medio curso, associado aos solos Latossolo Vermelho e aos Argilossos. Com relacao a fragilidade potencial ambiental o mapa gerado indicou que os locais onde o ambiente esta mais fragil aos processos erosivos, sao os locais de nascente do alto curso, margens (alto e medio curso) e a foz, fragilidade (forte e muito forte). Tais constatacoes apresentam forte relacao com as caracteristicas do meio fisico-natural, sobretudo com os aspectos geomorfologicos. A proposta metodologica adotada atingiu satisfatoriamente o objetivo de mapear a fragilidade potencial do ambiente. Palavras-chave: Bacia Hidrografica. Analise da Fragilidade Ambiental.