Elias Rodrigues da Cunha

Cluster analysis applied to the spatial and temporal variability of monthly rainfall in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) located in Brazil Midwest is devoid of climatological studies, mainly in the characterization of rainfall regime and producers’ meteorological systems and rain inhibitors. This state has different soil and climatic characteristics distributed among three biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal. This study aimed to apply the cluster analysis using Ward’s algorithm and identify those meteorological systems that affect the rainfall regime in the biomes. The rainfall data of 32 stations (sites) of the MS State were obtained from the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) database, collected from 1954 to 2013. In each of the 384 monthly rainfall temporal series was calculated the average and applied the Ward’s algorithm to identify spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. Bartlett’s test revealed only in January homogeneous variance at all sites. Run test showed that there was no increase or decrease in trend of monthly rainfall. Cluster analysis identified five rainfall homogeneous regions in the MS State, followed by three seasons (rainy, transitional and dry). The rainy season occurs during the months of November, December, January, February and March. The transitional season ranges between the months of April and May, September and October. The dry season occurs in June, July and August. The groups G1, G4 and G5 are influenced by South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone (SASA), Chaco’s Low (CL), Bolivia’s High (BH), Low Levels Jet (LLJ) and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and Maden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Group G2 is influenced by Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV) and Front Systems (FS). The group G3 is affected by UTCV, FS and SACZ. The meteorological systems’ interaction that operates in each biome and the altitude causes the rainfall spatial and temporal diversity in MS State.

Spatial Interpolation of Annual Rainfall in the State Mato Grosso Do Sul (Brazil) Using Different Transitive Theoretical Mathematical Models

Based on the interpolation method ordinary kriging, it was compared the spherical, exponential, Gaussian and circular models that best fits in the spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The rainfall data from 32 sites were obtained from the database of the National Water Agency - ANA, in the period 1954-2013. The variographic parameters evaluated were nugget effect, level and reach. From these, were calculated the Index of Spatial Dependence. The criteria used to choose the best transitive theoretical mathematical model were the root of the root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson‟s correlation coefficient (d), mean absolute error (EMA) and mean error percentage (EMP), index of agreement (d) and coefficient of determination (R²). The transitive theoretical mathematical models circular, spherical and Gaussian and can be used with satisfactory performance for data interpolation of annual rainfall in State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO À ANÁLISE DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL (geoprocessing applied to environmental fragility analysis)

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrografica do corrego Indaia/MS, utilizando tecnicas de geoprocessamento. Os procedimentos tecnicos cientificos empregados consistiram na aplicacao da proposta metodologica elaborada por Ross (1994) e na adaptacao da metodologia proposta por Crepani et al. (2001) com uso de Sistema de Informacao Geografica (SIG). Os resultados mostraram quatro niveis de fragilidade: baixa, media, alta e muito alta, ocupando 4,44%, 42,10%, 53% e 0,31% da area da bacia, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a bacia do corrego Indaia apresenta um predominio de baixo e medio grau de fragilidade potencial, entretanto quando considerado o fator antropico tem-se um predominio de alta fragilidade ambiental, indicando estado de alerta em relacao a intensificacao da ocupacao, sobretudo nas areas onde se encontram instalados os atuais assentamentos rurais. Palavras-chave: Uso e ocupacao da terra, Vulnerabilidade ambiental, Erosao, Assentamento Indaia, Aquidauana-MS. Abstract The aim of this study aimed to analyze the environmental fragility analysis of a watershed Indaia stream-MS, using geoprocessing techniques. The scientific technical procedures employed consisted in the application of the proposed methodology developed by Ross (1994) and adapting the methodology proposed by Crepani et al. (2001) using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed four fragility levels: low, medium, high and very high, occupying 4.44%, 42.10%, 53% and 0.31% of the watershed area, respectively. It is concluded that of a watershed Indaia stream presents a low prevalence and average degree of potential fragility, however when considering the anthropic factor has a high environmental fragility prevalence, indicating alertness regarding the intensification of the occupation, particularly in areas where installed the current rural settlements. Key words: land use and occupation, environmental vulnerability, erosion, Indaia settlement, Aquidauana-MS. Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la fragilidad ambiental de la cuenca de Corrego Indaia/MS, utilizando tecnicas de geoprocesamiento. Los procedimientos tecnicos y cientificos empleadas consistieron en la aplicacion de la metodologia propuesta por Ross (1994) y en la adaptacion de la metodologia propuesta por Crepani et al. (2001), utilizando el Sistema de Informacion Geografica (SIG). Los resultados mostraron cuatro niveles de fragilidad: baja, media, alta y muy alta, ocupando 4,44% , 42,10 % , 53 % y el 0,31 % de la superficie de la cuenca, respectivamente. Se concluye que la cuenca del Corrego Indaia presenta una prevalencia de grado bajo y medio de debilidad ambiental. Sin embargo, cuando se considera el factor antropico tiene una prevalencia de alto grado en la fragilidad ambiental, lo que indica el estado de alerta con la intensificacion de la ocupacion, sobre todo en areas en las que instalan los asentamientos rurales actuales. Mots cles: Hygieniste, Epidemies, Pratiques urbaines.

Utilização de imagem de alta resolução espacial para o mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal

O presente trabalho objetivou aplicar uma abordagem metodologica que utiliza tecnica de segmentacao associada a analise e interpretacao visual de imagens de alta resolucao no mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal da bacia hidrografica do corrego Guanandy, municipio de Aquidauana- MS, Brasil. A abordagem metodologica proposta fundamentou-se em procedimentos digitais de imagem que utilizam imagens de alta resolucao espacial, tecnica de segmentacao e interpretacao visual de imagens. O mapeamento de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal foi divido em 6 seis etapas: 1a Captura das imagens de satelite GeoEye no ArcMap 10® Online; 2a Mosaico das cenas; 3a Segmentacao e extracao de regioes, 4a Elaboracao da chave de interpretacao, 5a Classificacao visual em ambiente SPRING 5.2 e 6a Exatidao da classificacao. Como resultado foram mapeadas 7 classes de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal. As imagens de alta resolucao espacial submetidas a combinacao da tecnica de segmentacao e o metodo de interpretacao visual, apresentaram resultados satisfatorios de classificacao, com exatidao global de 91% e indice Kappa de 0,90, considerado “excelente”. Palavras-chave: Segmentacao,; indice kappa; SPRING. DOI: 10.5902/2236499414954