Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin

Investigation of 8-OHdG, CYP1A, HSP70 and transcriptional analyses of antioxidant defence system in liver tissues of rainbow trout exposed to eprinomectin

&NA; Eprinomectin (EPM), a member of avermectin family, is a semi‐synthetic antibiotic. It has been known that avermectin family enters the aquatic environments and adversely affects the aquatic organisms. Effects of EPM is fully unknown in aquatic organisms especially fish, thus the aim of the present study was to investigate transcriptional changes (sod, cat, gpx) and activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, oxidative DNA damage (8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG)) and transcriptional changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A) in liver tissues of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal EPM concentration (0.001 &mgr;g/L, 0.002 &mgr;g/L, 0.01 &mgr;g/L, 0.05 &mgr;g/L) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. The decrease in antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GPx) activity, transcriptional changes (sod, cat, gpx, HSP70 and CYP1A genes) and increase in MDA level and activity of 8‐OHdG in a dose–time‐dependent manner in the liver of rainbow trout were observed. The down‐regulated of antioxidant (sod, cat and gpx), HSP70 and CYP1A obviously, the severity of which increased with the concentration of EPM and exposure time. The results imply that EPM could induce oxidative damage to the liver tissue of rainbow trout. The information presented in this study is helpful to understand the mechanism of veterinary pharmaceuticals–induced oxidative stress in fishes. HighlightsEPM has biochemical and physiological effects in fish liver.These parameters may be involved in the toxicity mechanism of EPM on rainbow trout.8‐OHdG, CYP1A, HSP70 and antioxidant parameters might be utilized as a potential indicator of exposure to antibiotic in fish.

Metal Levels in the Liver, Muscle, Gill, Intestine, and Gonad of Lake Van Fish (Chalcalburnus tarichi) with Abnormal Gonad

Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that Lake Van—the biggest soda lake in the world—is polluted due to an increasing population. Studies have shown abnormalities in the Lake Van fish (Chalcalburnus tarichi), the sole fish species that inhabits the lake. Unlike the vitellogenic and mature oocytes in normal gonads, abnormal gonads show large amounts of connective tissue and young oocytes. In this study, metal levels (nickel [Ni], copper [Cu], cobalt [Co], iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], and manganese [Mn]) in the muscle, liver, gill, intestine, and gonad of Lake Van fish with normal and abnormal gonads were assessed. Further, the metal contents in the wastewater from the wastewater treatment facility situated near Lake Van in Van City were assessed. All the metal levels, except that of Zn, were high in the Lake Van environment (P < 0.05). The highest metal content in the tissues was for Fe, while the lowest level was for Co. The Pb level was found to be very high in both fish groups. Cd was not found in the tissues of both fish groups. The levels of Fe, Cu, Pb, and Mn were not significant in the tissues of both normal and abnormal fish groups. Zn level was significantly high in the livers and gonads of fish with abnormal gonads, and Co level was significantly high only in the livers (P < 0.05). Consequently, high levels of Zn in the liver and gonads and high levels of Co in the liver may be factors causing the abnormal gonads in the Lake Van fish.

Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues exposed to biopesticide

The goal of this study was to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide with antioxidant enzymes parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), transcriptional changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A), sod, cat, and gpx in liver and gill tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this aim, plant-based (natural pesticides, azadirachtin (AZA)) and synthetic pesticides (deltamethrin (DLM)) were exposed on the fish at different concentrations (0.0005 and 0.00025ppm of DLM; 0.24 and 0.12ppm of AZA) for 21 days. According to the results of the study, the activity of SOD, CAT and GPx decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activity of 8-OHdG increased in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (p<0.05). Additionally sod, cat and gpx were down regulated; HSP70 and CYP1A were up regulated for transcriptional observation. The downwards regulation of antioxidant (sod, cat and gpx) and the upregulation of HSP70 and CYP1A was obvious with doses of AZA or DLM (p<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that biopesticide can cause biochemical and physiological effects in the fish gill and liver by causing enzyme inhibition, an increase in 8-OHdG levels and changes in both transcriptional parameters (sod, cat, gpx, HSP70 and CYP1A). We found that excessive doses of plant-based pesticide are nearly as toxic as chemical ones for aquatic organisms. Moreover, 8-OHdG, HSP70 and CYP1A used as a biomarker to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide in aquatic environment.

Serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals in severe obstructive sleep apnea patients: correlates and clinical implications

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and to investigate whether there is a correlation between levels of trace minerals and demographic and biochemical variables.MethodsThis clinical, case–control study was performed on 61 OSA patients and 36 healthy controls. Demographic, radiological, biochemical variables, as well as serum levels of trace minerals (magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium) were compared in OSA and control groups. In addition, correlation of serum levels of these substances to demographic, biochemical, and radiological parameters was tested.ResultsNot only serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, lead, and zinc were found to be higher, but also carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was increased in OSA patients. Increase in CIMT was found to be correlated with levels of cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc.ConclusionOur results have shown that serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals were higher in OSA. This difference may ensource from deterioration of the balance of these substances due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Significance of these findings with respect to the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of OSA warrants further trials.

Van Balığı’nın (Alburnus tarichi, Güldenstädt 1814) Yaş Değişkenine Bağlı Olarak Farklı Dokularındaki Bazı Metal Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Cevresel kirlenme sonucu meydana gelen kirlilik, her gecen gun ekosistemi ve insanlari daha fazla tehdit etmektedir bu durum Van Golu icinde gecerlidir. Bu amacla Van Baliginin (A lburnus tarichi , Guldenstadt 1814) farkli yaslara gore bazi metal duzeylerinin degisimi arastirildi. Calismada alinan Van Baliklarinin kas, karaciger, solungac, bobrek, bagirsak, gonad ve beyin dokularinda berilyum(Be), bizmunt (Bi), kursun (Pb), kadminyum (Cd), demir (Fe), bakir (Cu), cinko (Zn), selenyum (Se), nikel (Ni), mangan (Mn), Kobalt (Co), krom (Cr), lityum (Li), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), sodyum (Na) ve potasyum (K) elementleri inductively-coupled plasma-optic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) ile analiz edildi. Sonuclar toksik elementler, eser elementler ve makro elementler olarak degerlendirildi. Oldukca toksik olan Be, Bi, Pb ve Cd elementleri Van baligi dokularinda tespit edildi. Ozellikle de beyin dokusunda konsantrasyonlarin daha yuksek oldugu gozlendi. Ni metalinin beyin dokusu konsantrasyonun diger dokulara oranla daha yuksek oldugu tespit edilmistir. Calismaya genel olarak bakildiginda, 3 yas ve 4 yas gruplarinin metal konsantrasyon degerleri arasinda fark gozlenmezken 5 yas grubunun degerlerinin farkli oldugu tespit edilmistir ( P <0.05).

Serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals in severe COPD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension

Aim The aim of the current study was to assess the serum levels of trace minerals/heavy metals in COPD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to investigate their correlations to demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was performed in Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty between April 2013 and July 2013. Cases were allocated into three groups: Group 1 consisted of severe COPD patients; Group 2 was made up of COPD patients with PH; and healthy controls constituted Group 3. Demographic, radiological, and biochemical variables, as well as the serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals, were noted and compared in these three groups. Results COPD patients were older and had higher rates of smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension compared to the control group. Carotid intima-media thickness was increased bilaterally, and serum levels of Co, Cu, and Fe were higher in COPD patients. Left carotid intima-media thickness was increased, and serum levels of Cd, Co, and Fe were found to be higher in COPD cases with PH compared to COPD patients without PH. Conclusion Our results show that serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals may be altered in COPD and PH.

Hemato-biochemical responses of Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Guldenstadt, 1814) during sublethal exposure to cypermethrin

ABSTRACT Cypermethrin is a highly active type II pyrethroid that is widely used to control harmful insects. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible effects of the sublethal concentration of cypermethrin (0.05 μL/L) on the biometric, hematological, and biochemical parameters of Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Guldenstadt 1814) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Behavioral and physiological changes were observed in the fish treated with cypermethrin. Hematological parameters revealed a significant decrease in the erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) values (p ≤ .05). Serum enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) activities and serum cortisol level were significantly increased (p ≤ .05). The results showed that changes in the biometric, biochemical, and hematological values of the Van fish exposed to cypermethrin can be used as biomarkers for monitoring toxicity.

Antioxidant responses and DNA damage in primary hepatocytes of Van fish (Alburnus tarichi, Güldenstadt 1814) exposed to nonylphenol or octylphenol

Abstract Alkylphenols, a nonionic surface-active agent group, such as nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) are important endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). In this study, the dose- and time-dependent effects of NP and OP were investigated in the primary hepatocyte culture of Van Fish. In this study, samples were taken at different times and biochemical parameters were studied separately. The effects of the chemicals used on SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA, and 8-OHdG were investigated in hepatocyte culture. The antioxidants SOD and CAT were observed to increase in all groups in the primary hepatocyte cultures at the 24th hour after NP and OP administration, whereas the GSH-Px level was observed to increase with OP at the 24th hour and with NP at the 48th hour. The MDA level was observed to reach its highest value for both chemicals in the 24th hour, and the 8-OHdG level was observed to increase toward the end of the follow-up time, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, different doses of NP and OP were found to induce an increase in the levels of antioxidants and the MDA level in Van Fish primary hepatocyte culture. DNA damage, on the other hand, may be considered to appear after longer-term exposure to NP and OP.