Asral Bahari Jambek

A novel clinical decision support system using improved adaptive genetic algorithm for the assessment of fetal well-being.

A novel clinical decision support system is proposed in this paper for evaluating the fetal well-being from the cardiotocogram (CTG) dataset through an Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (IAGA) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). IAGA employs a new scaling technique (called sigma scaling) to avoid premature convergence and applies adaptive crossover and mutation techniques with masking concepts to enhance population diversity. Also, this search algorithm utilizes three different fitness functions (two single objective fitness functions and multi-objective fitness function) to assess its performance. The classification results unfold that promising classification accuracy of 94% is obtained with an optimal feature subset using IAGA. Also, the classification results are compared with those of other Feature Reduction techniques to substantiate its exhaustive search towards the global optimum. Besides, five other benchmark datasets are used to gauge the strength of the proposed IAGA algorithm.

Wireless sensor node design

Remote monitoring system is a part of Internet of Thing (IoT) application whether in healthcare, logistic or even agriculture. The system consists of several nodes including wireless sensor node which is a compulsory end-device part in remote monitoring system for data acquisition and processing. This paper discusses the available design of wireless sensor node from different hardware and interfaces, comparison and reasoning of the available design for the hardware such as the microcontroller and transceiver. A propose design provided in this paper using an ARM based microcontroller for raw data processing and nRF24L01 transceiver in wireless communication.

The latest trend in nano-bio sensor signal analysis

Purpose This paper aims to discuss a nanoscale biosensor and its signal analysis algorithms. Design/methodology/approach In this work, five nanoscale biosensors are reviewed, namely, silicon nanowire field-effect-transistor biosensors, polysilicon nanogap capacitive biosensors, nanotube amperometric biosensors, gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors and quantum dot-based electrochemical biosensors. Findings Each biosensor produces a different output signal depending on its electrical characteristics. Five signal analysers are studied, with most of the existing signal analyser analyses based on the amplitude of the signal. Based on the analysis, auto-threshold peak detection is proposed for further work. Originality/value Suitability of the signal processing algorithm to be applied to nano-biosensors was reported.

Advantages and Challenges of 10-Gbps Transmission on High-Density Interconnect Boards

This paper provides a brief introduction to high-density interconnect (HDI) technology and its implementation on printed circuit boards (PCBs). The advantages and challenges of implementing 10-Gbps signal transmission on high-density interconnect boards are discussed in detail. The advantages (e.g., smaller via dimension and via stub removal) and challenges (e.g., crosstalk due to smaller interpair separation) of HDI are studied by analyzing the S-parameter, time-domain reflectometry (TDR), and transmission-line eye diagrams obtained by three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling (3DEM) and two-dimensional electromagnetic modeling (2DEM) using Mentor Graphics HyperLynx and Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS) electronic computer-aided design (ECAD) software. HDI outperforms conventional PCB technology in terms of signal integrity, but proper routing topology should be applied to overcome the challenge posed by crosstalk due to the tight spacing between traces.

Circuit architectures reviews for portable ECG signal analyzer

This paper discusses the circuit comparison of the electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate detector for wearable biomedical devices. In this work, the QRS complex is used to calculate heart rate, representing the main component of the ECG signal. In order to achieve a high level of accuracy by the detector, the measured ECG signal must be free of noise. Typically, such noise originates from power line interferences and baseline wandering. To eliminate these noises, the ECG signal must be processed using the signal processing method. The ECG detection process can be divided into a preprocessing stage, which eliminates noise from the raw ECG signal, and the feature extraction stage, which extracts the QRS complex for heart rate calculation. Based on our analysis, the trade-off between complexity and accuracy in ECG signal architecture is important when designing a high-efficiency system.

An efficient processing element architecture for pairwise sequence alignment

One of the most challenging tasks in sequence alignment is its repetitive and time-consuming alignment matrix computations. Alignment matrix scores are crucial for identifying regions of homology between biological sequences. In this paper, a parametrizable and area efficient processing element (PE) architecture for performing biological sequence alignment task especially for pairwise biological sequence alignment is designed. Its corresponding PE architecture realization was prototyped on Xilinx FPGA platform. FPGA has been chosen as it able to realize an array of systolic array-based PEs. Execution of the proposed parameterizable PE architecture have been conducted and comparison results have shown that the systolic arrays with parameterizable PE has gained at least 15x speed-up as compared to the well-known SSEARCH 35 solution.

A study on microarray image gridding techniques for DNA analysis

Microarray is one of the most promising tools available for researchers in the life sciences to study gene expression profiles. Through microarray analysis, gene expression levels can be obtained, and the biological information of a disease can be identified. The gene expression information embedded in the microarray is extracted using image-processing techniques. Gridding is one of the important processes used to extract features in DNA microarray, by assigning each spot in the microarray with individual coordinates for further data interpretation. This paper evaluates popular techniques of DNA microarray image gridding in the literature with an emphasis on gridding accuracy, speed, and the ability to remove noise. Based on our evaluation, the Otsu method can provide a better performance in terms of processing speed, accuracy, and ability to remove noise compared to other methods discussed in this paper.

Design and analysis of a two-stage CMOS op-amp using Silterra's 0.13 μm technology

This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-gain, low-power, two-stage CMOS operational amplifier (op-amp) for a sigma-delta ADC. Op-amp topologies, such as folded cascade, telescopic and two-stage, are discussed in this paper. The theoretical and topological analyses of each design are highlighted in detail, including the tradeoff among various parameters such as gain, noise, output swings and power consumption. The designs have been simulated using 0.13 μm CMOS technology from Silterra (Malaysia) with Cadence EDA tools. From the simulation results, the two-stage amplifier gives better performance compared to other topologies, especially in terms of gain, output swing, slew rate and CMRR. The circuit is able to achieve 85.93 dB gain, a 1.1 V output swing, a 44.29 V/μs slew rate and a CMRR of 61 dB with a power supply voltage of 1.2 V.

Design and analysis of a wireless temperature monitoring system

This paper discusses the design of a wireless temperature monitoring system for industrial application. The temperature sensor detects the surrounding temperature before transmitting it to a receiver. At the receiver, the temperature will be displayed on a liquid crystal display and portable computers for ease of monitoring. This paper highlights the design and verification method to ensure the accuracy of the sensing and transmitting of data. In order to ensure the robustness of the system, the device has been tested in various environment and obstacle. The result shows that the device can accurately sense and monitor temperature with excellent accuracy.

Design and analysis of fast search motion estimation architecture for video compression

In the 21st century, video communication plays an important role in various multimedia communications, from internet streaming to HDTV broadcasting. A video usually consumes a great deal of storage space. Hence, video compression is needed. Motion estimation plays a vital role in video compression. This paper discusses the design and analysis of motion estimation using the unsymmetrical multi-hexagon search (UMHexagonS) fast search algorithm. The architecture consists of pixel buffers, processing elements, adder tree, comparator unit and control unit. The result shows that the architecture is able to perform the complete motion estimation effectively with a minimum clock cycle of 32612.