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American Journal of Potato Research | 1998

Breeding progress for potato chip quality in North American cultivars

Stephen L. Love; J. J. Pavek; Asunta Thompson-Johns; William H. Bohl

Forty-four potato cultivars, released in the period between 1876 and the present were grown concurrently in field trials, stored simultaneously in three different environments, then evaluated for chip quality. They represented cultivars historically used and/or bred for potato chip production. Quality factors measured were tuber solids, chip color, reducing sugar levels, sucrose levels, and percent of defect-free chips. Tuber solids tended to increase in the late period cultivars, but trends were erratic. The release of Lenape marked the beginning of an increase in tuber solids that has continued to the present. There was a significant trend for lower reducing sugars and better chip color that corresponded to increasingly later cultivar release dates. Since about 1960, progress toward lower reducing sugars and better chip color has been constant, regardless of whether tubers were stored at 4.4 C, stored at 4.4 C and reconditioned, or stored at 10 C. Late period cultivars tended to have a greater percentage of defect-free chips in comparison to those released earlier, with most of the improvement coming during the last few years. This study provided evidence that potato breeders have made significant progress in developing cultivars with good chip quality. Evidence was also found that Lenape was a landmark cultivar and has been an important contributor to the observed breeding progressResumenCuarenta y cuatro cultivares de papa liberados entre 1876 y la actualidad fueron plantados al mismo tiempo en ensayos de campo, luego almacenados simultáneamente en tres diferentes ambientes, y posteriormente evaluados para analizar la calidad de las hojuelas. Estos representaron cultivares históricamente empleados y/o mejorados para la elaboración de las hojuelas de papa. Los factores de calidad que se analizaron fueron los sólidos del tubérculo, el color de las hojuelas, los niveles de los azúcares reductores y la sacarosa y el porcentaje de hojuelas libres de defectos. Los sólidos del tubérculo tendían a aumentar en los cultivares de períodos tardíos; sin embargo, las tendencias fueron inconstantes. La liberación de “Lenape” marcó el inicio de un aumento en los sólidos de los tubérculos que ha continuado hasta la actualidad. Hubo una tendencia significativa para azúcares reductores más bajos así como un mejor color de hojuela que correspondió a las fechas progresivamente mas tardías de la liberación de los cultivares. Desde 1960, aproximadamente, el progreso hacia azúcares reductores más bajos y un mejor color de hojuela ha sido constante, a pesar de que los tubérculos fueran almacenados a 4.4 C, almacenados a 4.4 C y reacondicionados, o almacenados a 10 C. Los cultivares de períodos tardíos tendieron a tener un mayor porcentaje de hojuelas libres de defectos en comparación con aquellos cultivares liberados más temprano, y la mayoría del mejoramiento se ha dado en los últimos años. Este estudio proporcionó evidencia de que los mejoradores de papa han obtenido progresos significativos en el desarrollo de cultivares con buena calidad en las hojuelas. También se encontró evidencia de que Lenape fue un cultivar memorable y ha marcado una importante contribution al progreso observado del mejoramiento


Potato Research | 1994

Effect and interaction of crop management factors on the glycoalkaloid concentration of potato tubers

Stephen L. Love; Timothy J. Herrman; Asunta Thompson-Johns; Timothy P. Baker

SummaryPotato tuber glycoalkaloid content was measured in response to nitrogen fertilizer rate, storage temperature, length of storage period and cultivar. Cvs Gemchip, Norchip and Russet Burbank were grown with applied nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 168 or 336 kg/ha and then stored at either 4.4 or 10°C. Total glycoalkaloid content was determined one month before harvest, at harvest, after three months of storage and after nine months of storage. Higher rates of nitrogen, higher storage temperature and a period of storage all resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher concentration of glycoalkaloids. The cv Norchip had higher glycoalkaloids than cvs Gemchip or Russet Burbank. Only the storage period had more influence than the environment (difference between years). Significant (P<0.05) two-way interactions were detected for year x cultivar, year x nitrogen, storage period x cultivar and nitrogen x cultivar. Most interactions were due to the unique responses of cultivars.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1996

Mutation breeding for improved internal quality and appearance in Russet Burbank

Stephen L. Love; Asunta Thompson-Johns; Bruce K. Werner

Mutation breeding was investigated as a method to improve important quality traits in the cultivar Russet Burbank. Two thousand excised eyes were irradiated with a gamma-ray dose of 35 Gy. The irradiated eye pieces were planted directly to the field and approximately three tubers from each of resulting plants were harvested and, constituted the initial 6000 clone selection population. The M1V1 tubers and subsequent clonal progeny were subjected to six generations of evaluation and selection. Selection criteria included appearance, resistance to blackspot bruise, french fry color following storage at 4 C, and specific gravity. At the end of six selection cycles, five mutants remained from the original population of approximately 6000. These included two mutants selected for improved appearance (RBM161 and RBM366), one for resistance to blackspot bruise (RBM166), one for french fry color (RBM13), and one for specific gravity (RBM170). An analysis of variance over three years showed that the three mutants selected for internal quality traits (RBM13, RBM166, and RBM170) produced lower yields in comparison with two Russet Burbank control clones. RBM161 was selected for its heavier, more uniform russet skin, and appeared to be similar to the mother clone for important agronomic and quality traits. RBM366 was selected for improved appearance, typified by higher breeders preference scores and a lower percentage of tubers exhibiting external defects. It also produced higher total and U.S. No. 1 yields than the controls.CompendioEl mejoramiento por mutación fue investigado como un método para mejorar caracteres importantes de calidad en el cultivar Russet Burbank. Se cortaron dos mil “ojos” que fueron irradiados con una dosis de rayos gamma de 35 Gy. Los trozos de ojos irradiados fueron plantados directamente en el campo y se cosecharon aproximadamente tres tubérculos por cada planta, que conformaron una población de selectión inicial de 6000 clones. Los tubérculos M1V1 y la subsiguiente progenie clonal se sometieron a seis generaciones de evaluación y selección. Los criterios de selección incluyeron la apariencia, la resistencia a la mancha por golpes, el color de las papas fritas a la francesa después de almacenamiento a 4 C y la gravedad específica. Al final de seis ciclos de selección, de la población original de aproximadamente 6000 quedaron cinco mutantes. Estos incluyeron dos mutantes seleccionados por la mejora en la apariencia (RBM161 y RBM366), uno por la resistencia a la mancha por golpes (RBM166), uno por el color de las papas fritas a la francesa (RBM13) y uno por la gravedad específica (RMB170). Un análisis de variancia durante tres años mostró que los tres mutantes seleccionados por sus características de calidad interna (RBM13, RBM166 y RBM170) produjeron rendimientos más bajos que los dos clones de control de Russet Burbank. RBM161 fue seleccionado por su piel más gruesa y color más uniforme y por su similitud con el clon madre en cuanto a los importantes caracteres agronómicos y de calidad. RMB366 fue seleccionado por su apariencia mejorada, tipificada por los mayores puntajes de preferencia de los mejoradores y un porcentaje más bajo de tubérculos con defectos externos. También produjo rendimientos totales y del tipo No. 1 en EE.UU. más altos que los controles.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1994

RBM134: A mutant of Russet Burbank susceptible to blackspot bruise

Stephen L. Love; Asunta Thompson-Johns; Bruce K. Werner; Timothy P. Baker

A radiation induced mutant of Russet Burbank was recovered that is more susceptible to blackspot bruise than the original cultivar. The mutant was evaluated and characterized for several agronomic and biochemical traits. Compared to Russet Burbank the mutant had slightly lower tuber yield, smaller average tuber weight, a higher number of tubers per plant, higher percent tuber dry matter, similar total tuber dry matter yield, lower tuber protein and higher free tyrosine content. Vine growth and appearance was indistinguishable from Russet Burbank. This mutant should provide an excellent tool for better understanding the tuber characteristics contributing to blackspot bruising in potatoes.CompendioUn mutante de Russet Burbank inducido por radiación fue recuperado y resultó ser más susceptible al daño por la mancha negra que el cultivar original. El mutante fue evaluado y caracterizado para varios atributos agronómicos y bioquímicos. Comparado con Russet Burbank el mutante tuvo un rendimiento ligeramente menor en tubérculos, un promedio menor de peso de tubérculo, un mayor numéro de tubérculos por planta, porcentaje más alto de materia seca en el tubérculo, similar rendimiento de materia seca para el total de tubérculos, menor contenido de proteína en el tubérculo y un contenido más alto de tirosina libre. El crecimiento de la parte aérea y su apariencia fue indistingible de los de Russet Burbank. Este mutante proveerá un excelente instrumento para entender mejor las características de los tubérculos que contribuyen al dano por la mancha negra en la papa.


Euphytica | 1993

Mutation breeding for resistance to blackspot bruise and low temperature sweetening in the potato cultivar Lemhi Russet

Stephen L. Love; Asunta Thompson-Johns; Timothy P. Baker

A mutation breeding method was developed to select clones of Lemhi Russet that have resistance to blackspot bruise and low temperature sweetening. Following irradiation with gamma rays from a Cobalt60 source, over 2000 tuber eye pieces were planted directly to the field and tubers from the resulting crop were individually evaluated for blackspot bruise potential. Selection for blackspot bruise resistance continued for five clonal cycles. Selection for low temperature sweetening began in the M3 and continued for three cycles. Ten clones were selected, eight with significantly (p=0.05) better blackspot bruise resistance, and two with increased resistance to low temperature sweetening. The results confirm the possibility for the development of a system to improve single selectable quality characteristics in potatoes.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1994

Goldrush: A new high quality russet-skinned potato cultivar

R. H. Johansen; B. Farnsworth; Gary A. Secor; Neil C. Gudmestad; Asunta Thompson-Johns; Edna T. Holm

On March 1, 1992, the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station announced the release of a new russet potato cultivar named Goldrush. Goldrush is an oblong, smooth, russet-skinned potato cultivar that has very white flesh, good culinary quality, resistance to hollow heart and is adapted for both the fresh and processing market.CompendioEn marzo 1,1992, la Estación Experimental Agrícola de North Dakota anunció la liberación de un nuevo cultivar de papa de piel rojiza denominado Goldrush. Goldrush es un cultivar de papa oblongo, de piel suave y rojiza que tiene carne muy blanca, buena calidad culinaria, resistencia al corazón vacío y que se adapta por igual al mercado de consumo fresco como al de procesamiento.


Hortscience | 1999

Seed Piece Spacing Influences Yield, Tuber Size Distribution, Stem and Tuber Density, and Net Returns of Three Processing Potato Cultivars

Stephen L. Love; Asunta Thompson-Johns


Plant Breeding | 1996

Induced mutations for reduced tuber glycoalkaloid content in potatoes

Stephen L. Love; T. P. Baker; Asunta Thompson-Johns; Bruce K. Werner


Hortscience | 1997

Performance of Commercially Available True Potato Seed Hybrids Grown from Tubers

Stephen L. Love; Bruce K. Werner; Horia I. Groza; Asunta Thompson-Johns


Hortscience | 1998

Seed-piece Spacing Influences Yield, Size Distribution, Net Returns, and Stem and Tuber Density of Three Processing Potato Cultivars

Stephen L. Love; Asunta Thompson-Johns

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B. Farnsworth

North Dakota State University

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Edna T. Holm

North Dakota State University

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Gary A. Secor

North Dakota State University

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J. J. Pavek

Agricultural Research Service

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