Ayi Syaeful Bahri

Fast, simultaneous and robust VLF-EM data denoising and reconstruction via multivariate empirical mode decomposition

The measurement of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) is important in many different applications, i.e, environmental, archeological, geotechnical studies, etc. In recent years, improving and enhancing VLF-EM data containing complex numbers (bivariate) was presented by several authors in order to produce reliable models, generally using univariate empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Applying univariate EMD separately on each data is problematic. This results in a different number of misaligned Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) which can complicate the selection of some IMFs for denoising process. Thus, a filtering method based on the multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) approach to decompose simultaneously bivariate data is proposed. In this paper we address two issues by employing the recently introduced noise assisted MEMD (N-A MEMD) for improving bivariate VLF-EM data. Firstly, the N-A MEMD to decompose bivariate measurement of the VLF-EM data into IMFs and a residue is defined as VLF-EM signal or unwanted noise. Secondly, the proposed method is used to enhance VLF-EM data and to reject unwanted noise. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a synthetic data with two added sinusoids. To demonstrate the robustness of the N-A MEMD method, the method was tested on added-noise synthetic data sets and the results were compared to the Ensemble EMD (EEMD) and Bivariate EMD (BEMD). The N-A MEMD gave more robust and accurate results than the EEMD and BEMD methods and the method required less CPU time to obtain the IMFs compared to EEMD. The method was also tested on several field data sets. The results indicate that the filtered VLF-EM data based on the N-A MEMD make the data easier to interpret and to be analyzed further. In addition, the 2D resistivity profile estimated from the inversion of filtered VLF-EM data results was appropriate to the geological condition. This research applies N-A MEMD for denoising and reconstructing VLF-EM data.The method is able to decompose into IMFs and residue bivariate VLF-EM data simultaneously.NA-MEMD method gives more robust than the EEMD and MEMD and faster than EEMD in recovery bivariate VLF-EM data.The algorithm greatly enhanced the both VLF-EM data making the more interpretable and easier to invert data VLF-EM data.

Seepage Monitoring of an Embankment Dam Using Resistivity Method: A Case Study of LUSI Mud Volcano P.79 - P.82 Embankment

Since the Lusi Mud volcano erupts in Sidoarjo, East Java, on May 2006, soil embankments have been built to keep hot mud within the ponds. Unfortunately, since the embankments were sitting on a poorly weak ground, land subsidence intensively occurred around the embankments. These subsidences are mainly caused by water seepage penetrating the embankment. To observe the part of the embankment that is vulnerable to water seepage, DC Resistivity method, being a non-destructive and versatile method, is used to monitor the subsurface condition of the embankment. P.79 - P.82 embankment, which has collapsed on December 2010 is highlighted in this study because it has the lowest height of all part the embankment, directly adjacent with water from the mud volcano in the inside and field crop on the outside. The research will show the fluctuating results of the water seepage in the embankment during the timeline of February 2012 - October 2013 which, unlike the result of another area, is highly affected by the water level at each measurement. The embankment height during each DC Resistivity measurement is also measured to compare the subsurface result with the condition on the surface. The resistivity subsurface cross section shows increasing water seepage in each measurement (February 2012, July 2012 and October 2013). Alarming seepage level displayed in December 2012 which is presumably triggered by the increase of water level during rainy season is also followed by cracks occurred in the surface.

Application of Multivariate EMD to Improve Quality VLF-EM Data: Synthetic and Fields Data

A method for enhancing VLF˗EM data based on Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was presented. The noise assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) approach to simultaneously decompose bivariate data.The NA-MEMD is applied to enhance bivariate VLF˗EM data. The method was also tested on a synthetic and two fields VLF-EM data sets. The results indicate that the filtered VLF˗EM data based on the NA-MEMD results better data and easier to interpret or further analyzed. In addition, the 2D resistivity profile result estimated from the inversion of filtered VLF˗EM data is appropriate to geological condition.

Combination of Active and Passive Seismic Analyses for Embankment Characterization

Rayleigh wave dispersion is intensively used to determine near surface of shear wave velocity (Vs). The method has been known as non-invasive techniques which is costly effective and efficient to characterize subsurface. Acquisition of the Rayleigh wave can be approached in two ways, i.e. passive and active. Passive seismic is accurate to estimate dispersion curve in low frequency, although it is not accurate for high frequency. While active seismic is vice versa of passive seismic. The high frequency of Rayleigh wave dispersion reflects to near surface and vice versa. Therefore, we used the combination of both passive and active seismic method to overcome the limitations of each method. The Vs which is resulted by inversion of the combining data gives accurate model if compared to log and standard penetration test (N-SPT) data. Further, the approach has been used to characterize LUSI (Lumpur Sidoarjo) embankments. The result shows that embankment material (0-12 m) has higher Vs than that lower embankment material.

Identifikasi Litologi Lapisan Sedimen pada Daerah Karst Pacitan Menggunakan Metode Mikrotremor HVSR

Kabupaten Pacitan merupakan bagian kecil dari Kawasan Karst Gunung Sewu yang membentang dari Pacitan Barat – Pacitan Timur. Karst merupakan daerah yang terbentuk oleh pelarutan batu gamping. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode mikrotremor HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) untuk mengidentifikasi lapisan sedimen berdasarkan frekuensi resonansi dominan (f 0 ) dan nilai puncak dari HVSR (A) yang menunjukkan frekuensi resonansi dominan (f 0 ) dan nilai puncak dari HVSR (A) yang menunjukkan karakteristik sedimen. Berdasarkan analisis kurva HVSR, zona I memiliki ketebalan lapisan sedimen 10-12,5 m dengan rentang f 0 3,05 – 5,45 Hz dan zona II memiliki ketebalan 3,7 – 4,8 m dengan rentang f 0 10,4 – 13,25 Hz.

Stabilization/Solidification of Tailing on Traditional Gold Mining in Kulon Progo Using Fly Ash

Traditional gold mining activity is one of the sources of mercury contamination. Total mercury concentration in tailing ponds in Kulon Progo ranged from 164.49 mg/kg to 383.21 mg/kg, which exceeded the quality standard values set by the government of Indonesia No. 101 of 2014, which is 75 mg/kg. One method that can be applied is stabilization/solidification (S/S). This study aims to determine the optimum composition of the tailing mixture with fly ash in S/S process. The variations of fly ash composition with tailing are 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80 and 10:90. The results of the study found that the optimum composition of fly ash: tailings was 10:90, with compression test of 74 ton/m2 and TCLP test was 0.0069 mg/L. The obtained compression test results were in accordance with US EPA Standard quality of 35 ton/m2. TCLP test results meet the standard of Indonesian Government Regulation no. 101 of 2014, amounting to 0.05 mg/L.

Assessment of Sidoarjo mud flow embankment stability using very low frequency electromagnetic method

The earth on LUSI embankment has a high failure potential due to several factors such as: seepage, leakage, vertical and horizontal deformation, cracking and fault (discontinuity), overtopping, mud slide, and swelling. Very low frequency electromagnetic method was carried out at LUSI embankment in order to delineate fracture and potential pathway of seepage occurring through the subsurface structure the embankment body. To reach these objectives, several methods were carried out in the selected area, such as direct current resistivity, total station and Rayleigh wave dispersion to provide information on the mechanical properties LUSI embankment subsurface. This study indicates that seepage and fracture through the LUSI embankment is presented by a set of lines which are possibly caused by deformation in the LUSI area. Furthermore, based on the fracture and seepage positions and mud or fluid flow direction, the unstable LUSI embankment is determined as located around the northwest and northern parts of the area.

Analisis Peta Struktur Domain Waktu dalam Studi Pengembangan Lapangan Kaprasida, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah

Pengembangan lapangan migas masih sangat digencarkan, khususnya pada Lapangan “Kaprasida”. Pada lapangan ini dilakukan studi pengembangan terhadap reservoar sekunder, yaitu pada Formasi Transisi, Upper Menggala, dan Lower Menggala. Reservoar sekunder masih menyimpan beberapa struktur jebakan hidrokarbon yang perlu analisis lebih dalam. Oleh karena itu, pada lapangan ini dilakukan proses reinterpretasi terhadap patahan dan lapisan tersebut, sehingga menghasilkan peta struktur domain waktu. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan reinterpretasi yang menghasilkan peta struktur domain waktu, sehingga dapat melakukan analisis pada peta struktur. Setelah dilakukan analisis pada peta struktur domain waktu ketiga lapisan, didapatkan beberapa zona target berupa beberapa struktur antiklin. Zonasi struktur antiklin terdapat pada wilayah barat TG2, selatan TG2, timur TG2, barat TG4, dan utara TG1. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan struktur jebakan hidrokarbon baru untuk kegiatan pengembangan Lapangan “Kaprasida”.

Application of Noise-Assisted Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition in VLF-EM Data to Identify Underground River

Very low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method can be used for imaging the subsurface resistivity, where this image can be used directly to determine subsurface condition. VLF-EM data are generally contaminated with unwanted noise which often leads to a mistake in the resistivity imaging result. In this study, noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) was applied to reject the unwanted noise contained within the VLF-EM data which produced NA-MEMD-filtered VLF-EM data. The resistivity imaging resulted by filtered VLF-EM data has been used for determining the position of underground rivers over the karst area of Gunung Kidul district, Central Java province, Indonesia. The results show that the NA-MEMD-filtered VLF-EM data were more accurate in determining underground river tracks of the Suci cave areas. The overall result was supported by qualitative analyses (Fraser and K–Hjelt filters) of observed VLF-EM data as well as the NA-MEMD-filtered VLF-EM data.

Microtremor study of Gunung Anyar mud volcano, Surabaya, East Java

The existence of mud volcano system in East Java is known from the ancient period, especially in Surabaya. Gunung Anyar mud volcano is one of the mud volcano system manifestation was appeared close to the residence. Because of this phenomenon we have to learn about the impact of this mud volcano manifestation to the neighbourhood. The microtremor study was conducted to evaluate the possible influence effect of the mud volcano to the environment and get more information about the subsurface condition in this area. Microtremor is one of the geophysical methods which measure the natural tremor or vibration of the earth, the dominant frequency of the tremor represent thickness of the soft sediment layer overlay above the bed rock or harder rock layer beneath our feet. In this study 90 stations was measured to record the natural tremor. The result from this study shows the direct influenced area of this small mud volcano system is close to 50m from the centre of the mud volcano and bed rock of this area is ran...