Bambang Hendro Sunarminto

Effect of shading, nitrogen and magnesium fertilizer on phyllanthin and total flavonoid yield of Phyllanthus niruri in Indonesia soil

Phyllanthus niruri is widely used as traditional medicine especially in Indonesia. The need to produce a standardized herbal medicine raw material has urged a research to study the effect of shading, nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizer dosage on phyllanthin and total flavonoid yield of P. niruri. Pot experiment was conducted by using Inceptisols soil from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was carried out in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was shaded with 3 levels (0, 60 and 95%). The subplots was urea and magnesium suphate (MgSO4) fertilizer (proportion 5 : 1) with 5 levels (0, 1+0.2, 2+0.4, 3+0.6 and 4+0.8). The period of harvesting were 1, 2 and 3 months after planting. The results indicated that application of 3 g urea, 0.6 g MgSO4 and 60% paranets shading could improve the plant growth, N-Mg uptake, total flavonoid and phyllanthin yield of P.niruri. Based on the regression curve, the optimum dosage that produced the highest total flavonoid yield was 2.68 g of urea and 0.54 g of MgSO4, while for obtaining the highest phyllanthin yield was 2.39 g of urea and 0.48 g of MgSO4 per plant. N and Mg absorption were positively correlated with total flavonoid and phyllanthin yield. The best period of harvest to obtain the highest total flavonoid and phyllanthin yield was 3 months after planting (plant age ± 4 months). Key words: Phyllanthus niruri, shading, nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizer, phyllanthin, total flavonoid

Potential production of CH4 and N2O in Organic and conventional rice field soil profiles

The horizons in soil profile will determine the magnitude of greenhouse gas production due to the difference of total organic carbon and other chemical properties. This study aimed to determine the potential production of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in each horizon of soil profile from organic and conventional rice fields. Soil samples which were taken from Imogiri Bantul D.I. Yogyakarta were used to determine soil properties, the potential of CH 4 , and N 2 O productions. The correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the production of CH 4 and N 2 O with soil properties. The results showed that production of CH 4 and N 2 O will be decreased with the increase of soil depth. Production of CH 4 and N 2 O was higher in organic rice field than in conventional rice field. The total organic carbon (TOC) correlated positively with CH 4 -production ( r=0 .89, P<0.001, n=8 ) and N 2 O-production ( r=0 .87, P<0.001, n=8 ). The nitrogen content also correlated positively with CH 4 -production ( r=0 .87, P<0.001, n=8 ) and N 2 O-production (r=0.94, P<0.001, n=8). Mitigation of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions should consider of C and N in the soil.

Use of Ameliorants to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Peat Soils of West Kalimantan

This research was completed using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Field surveys were executed in sugar cane plantation throughout South Sulawesi Indonesia. Land suitability analyses were performed using a parametric approach with Storie’s index equation followed up with correlation analysis using the Pearson correlation. Results revealed that the period for sugarcane crop growth in the humid tropic relatively dry regions of South Sulawesi Indonesia lasted for the months of November to July. The land suitability for sugar cane in the research location was moderately suitable (S2c) and marginally suitable (S3c, S3s, S3s,f and S3c,w) with limiting factors such as relative humidity during crop maturation phase, the duration of sunlight, soil depth, soil texture, soil pH and soil drainage. Land suitability index at the research location ranged from 25.2 to 55.0; sugar cane yields ranged from 30.3 to 62.0 Mg ha year. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between LSI with cane and sugar productivity were 0.81 and 0.84 respectively, signifying the strength of the correlation between the two values. This also indicates that land suitability index can be estimating the potential crop yield in the humid tropicsthat relatively dry climate regions.Field experiment with a split plot design has been carried out in order to assess the growth characteristics and yields, and effectiveness of MVA upland rice which were given potassium fertilizer in two growing seasons. MVA inoculation consisted of three treatments (without MVA, Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.) while potassium fertilizer consisted of five levels (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 kg ha-1 K). The results showed that plant growth variable which was inoculated by MVA at any levels of K fertilizer was higher in the dry season than that in the wet season, whereas the opposite occurred for net assimilation rate. Potassium content of leaf tissue, shoot/root ratio, and grain weight per hill was determined and mutually dependent on genus MVA, dosages of K fertilizer, and growing season. Harvest index and grain dry weight per hill were influenced by the growing season and the genus MVA but the effect did not depend on each other. At all dosages of K fertilizer and any MVA genera, Gigaspora sp. inoculation was better than that of Glomus sp. Dry weight of grains per hill was affected by the contribution of grain content per hill, weight of 1000 grains and number of productive seedlings per hill. The optimum dosage of K fertilizer in the dry season was 32.4 kg ha-1 K with grain yield 3.12 Mg ha-1 for inoculation of Gigaspora sp., whereas the optimum dosage in the wet season was 34.2 kg ha-1 K for the treatment Glomus sp. inoculation with Gigaspora sp. in the wet season did not reach dosages of optimum K fertilizer. Keywords: Harvest index, MVA, potassium fertilizer, upland rice [ How to Cite : Natawijaya D. 2012. Increasing Growth and Yield of Upland Rice by Application of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Potassium Fertilizer. J Trop Soils 17 (1): 53-60. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.53] [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.53 ]This study aimed to examine Organonitrofos Plus fertilizer (OP) on sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata L.) and its effect on changes in soil chemical properties of Ultisols. Organonitrofos Plus fertilizer is an enhancement of Organonitrofos fertilizer enriched with microbes at the beginning of the manufacturing process. Research was conducted in the greenhouse of Integrated Agricultural Laboratory of Lampung University. Treatment applied was a factorial of 4 t 2 t 3 with three replications in a randomized block design. The first factor was the dose of OP fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 Mg ha-1), the second factor was the dose of inorganic fertilizers (without inorganic fertilizers, and with inorganic fertilizers, namely Urea 0.44, 0.28 SP-36 and KCl 0.16 Mg ha-1), and the third factor was the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 Mg ha-1). By a single OP fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and the interaction between the OP and the inorganic fertilizers increased the weight of dry stover, cob length, cob diameter, cob with husk and cob without husk of corn. OP fertilizers which are applied in Ultisols can improve soil fertility and increase corn production so that OP fertilizer can lessen the use of inorganic fertilizer and can be used as a substitute for inorganic fertilizer. RAE values were highest in treatment of O4K2B2 (30 Mg OP ha-1, with inorganic fertilizer, 10 Mg biochar ha-1) that was equal to 181%, followed by O2K2B3 (10 Mg OP ha-1, with inorganic fertilizer, 20 Mg biochar ha-1 ) with the difference in RAE value of 0.5%.[How to Cite: Dermiyati, SDn Utomo,n KF Hidayat, J Lumbanraja, S Triyono, H Ismono, NEn Ratna, NT Putri dan R Taisa. 2016. Pengujian Pupuk Organonitrofos Plus pada Jagung Manis (Zea mays Saccharata. L) dan Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisols. J Trop Soils 21: 9-17 Doi: 10. 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.9][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10. 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.9]Coco rind is a waste that if not used can cause environmental problem around the plantation. One way to utilize cocoa rind is by making it into compost which can be used as organic fertilizer. Different planting distance will affect on the number of plant population per unit area and will indirectly affect the absorption of nutrients, water and other growth factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the utilization of compost from cacao rind waste on the growth of Saccarum edule Hasskarl plant with different planting distance. The design used was to factor randomized block design with 2 replications, then there are 18 treatment combinations. In this research, the first factor of cacao rind composts comparison with cow manure consisted of three levels, they are: P1 = 50 kg; 10 kg; P2 =50 kg: 30 kg; P3 = 50 kg: 50. While the second factor uses the planting distance which consisted of three levels, they are: J1= 100 cm X 150 cm; J2= 100 cm X 100 cm; J3= 100 cm X 50 cm. Based on the research results, it shows that the best treatment of cocoa rind compost and cow manure, which affects on the number of buds is treatment P3 on 5 WAP, while the best used for the plants’ height is P2 on 3 WAP, and the best used for the leaves’ length is treatment P2 on 2 to 4 WAP.

EPIDEMI PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA PADA KONDISI LINGKUNGAN YANG BERVARIASI

Foot rot disease epidemic on black pepper in variety of environmental conditions. The foot rot disease on black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is often destructive to farmers of black pepper. This research aims to study the infection rate and the pattern of development of the black pepper foot rot disease in various condition of the environment. The research was conducted in the areas of black pepper cultivation in the Ultisol and Entisol soils. In each location plots were set with few ( 75%) weeds. Variable observed was disease incidence. The data were used to analyze model of development of the black pepper foot rot disease and infection rate. Results of the research showed that the model of development of the black pepper foot rot disease was not affected by soil type, but the type of soil affected the infection rate. At the pepper plantation with abundance of weeds, the disease development followes Gompertz model. At the plantation with few weeds, however the disease developed in a logistic model. The rate of disease infection on the black pepper plant with abundant weeds lower compared with those with few weeds.

KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN KESUBURAN TANAH (FCC) PADA BEBERAPA SUB DAS DI DAS SEMPOR KABUPATEN KEBUMEN JAWA TENGAH

The fertility capability soil classification system (FCC) on several sub catchment areas, Sempor catchment area of Kebumen district Central Java . Sempor catchment area have many function, one of them is as a central of agricultural sector in Sempor sub district. The agricultural sector in Sempor catchment area hasn’t been able to catch up the optimal production. The production was only sufficient to supply farmer requirement. The research in order to agricultural development uncommon to do in Sempor catchment area. The research usually talking about the sedimentation process of Sempor basin whereas for the other problems weren’t gave much attention. Sempor catchment area has different characteristic on soil physic, chemical, and fertility. The research about the fertility capability soil classification system (FCC) on several sub catchment areas, Sempor catchment area need to be done in order to agricultural development. This research was used soil survey methods, and laboratory analysis. Result of this study shown that Sempor catchment area have different in soil fertility. Sampang sub catchment area has four FCC that is LR (≥45%), LCk (15‐30%), SC (30‐45%), and LC (8‐20%). Ketegan sub catchment area has three FCC that is LCk (15‐30%), SC (30‐45%), and LC (8‐ 20%). Kedungjati sub catchment area have four FCC that is LCk (15‐30%), SC (30‐45%), C (30‐45%), and LC (8‐20%). Kalikumbang, Kaliputih, Kedungwringin, and Sempor sub catchment area have two FCC that is LCk (15‐30%), and C (30‐45%), and Seliling sub catchment area have three FCC that is LCk (15‐30%), SC (30‐45%), and C (30‐45%). Key word : catchment area, the fertility capability soil classification system (FCC)

Tanggap Fisiologi dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Kelompok Aggregatum) terhadap Lengas Tanah dan Ketinggian Tempat Berbeda

Percobaan di rumah kaca telah dilaksanakan di provinsi DIY pada bulan Maret-Juni 2009. Percobaan bertujuan mengkaji tanggap fisiologis dan hasil bawang merah terhadap kondisi lengas tanah berbeda pada ketinggian tempat berbeda. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan percobaan lokasi dalam Rancangan Petak Petak Terbagi ( Split Split Plot Design ) diulang tiga kali. Petak utama adalah lokasi dengan ketinggian tempat berbeda di atas permukaan laut (dpl.) terdiri atas: (1) 100 m dpl., (2) 400 m dpl., dan (3) 800 m dpl.; Sub-plot adalah varietas bawang merah terdiri atas: (1) ‘Palu’, (2) ‘Palasa’, dan (3) ‘Sumenep’. Sub-sub-plot adalah lengas tanah dalam persentase kapasitas lapangan (% KL) terdiri atas: (1) 50% KL, (2) 100% KL, dan (3) 150% KL (kondisi jenuh). Lokasi dengan ketinggian tempat berbeda memberikan tanggap fisiologi dan hasil bawang merah yang berbeda. Varietas Palu memiliki aktivitas fotosintesis lebih besar pada semua kondisi lingkungan berbeda dan lebih tahan terhadap cekaman kekurangan dan kelebihan lengas tanah terutama di dataran rendah. Lengas tanah 100% KL menghasilkan aktivitas fisiologi dan hasil umbi kering panen lebih tinggi, sebaliknya lengas tanah 50% KL dan 150% KL menurunkan pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah varietas Palasa, Palu dan Sumenep pada semua ketinggian tempat. Kata kunci: bawang merah, ketinggian tempat, lengas tanah, fisiologi