Bernardo Miloski

Monitoramento da carga interna de um período de treinamento em jogadores de voleibol

The aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the dynamics of internal training load using session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method during a training period of volleyball. Twelve volleyball players (23.5 ± 3.4 y, 88.2 ± 11.4 kg, 190.4 ± 10.8 cm) were monitored during 22 training weeks divided into five mesocycles. The ANOVA revealed that the total week training load (TWTL), monotony, and strain were different among the mesocycles (p < 0.05). The higher values of TWTL were showed during mesocycles 2, 4, and 5. Monotony presented values below 1.4 ± 0.1 AU. The mean TWTL of the 22 weeks presented a mean of 1790.9 UA and a coefficient of variation of 16%. The lower and higher mean values of TWTL of the 22 weeks were 1324.3 and 2232.7 UA, respectively. Thus, the internal training load distribution presented moments with higher and lower magnitude between weeks, and increase from 1st to 2nd mesocycle with maintenance of this following others mesocycles.

Does Testosterone Modulate Mood States and Physical Performance in Young Basketball Players

Abstract Miloski, B, Aoki, MS, de Freitas, CG, Schultz de Arruda, AF, de Moraes, HS, Drago, G, Borges, TO, and Moreira, A. Does testosterone modulate mood states and physical performance in young basketball players? J Strength Cond Res 29(9): 2474–2481, 2015—This study aimed to examine and compare mood states profile and physical performance during different training phases between 2 groups of adolescent basketball players that were differentiated according to baseline testosterone concentration (T). The basketball players were submitted to an intensified training period (OVL) followed by a tapering period (TP). Twenty-three young male basketball players initiated the study. Experimental criteria data were used to stratify 16 players into high-testosterone (HTC) or low-testosterone (LTC) concentration groups. All the 16 athletes undertook 5 weeks of OVL followed by a 3-week TP. Saliva sampling, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IRL1) test and the T-test were conducted at the beginning (T1), after OVL (T2), and after TP (T3). A similar increase in internal training load was observed during OVL when compared with TP in both groups (p < 0.05). No difference in mood states was observed between groups (p > 0.05); however, LTC displayed a higher score for fatigue (p < 0.05) and a lower score for energy index (p < 0.05) in OVL, compared with TP. A significant improvement in the Yo-Yo IRL1 test and the T-test was observed (T1 to T3) (p < 0.05), with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that LTC athletes may be more susceptible to changes in mood states during intensified training periods. In addition, data indicate that a periodized training program successfully improved the physical performance (endurance and agility) of young basketball players; however, this improvement was not affected by testosterone level.

Playing match venue does not affect resting salivary steroids in elite Futsal players

This study examined the influence of competition playing venue on the hormonal responses in elite Futsal players. Twenty-one males (age, 19.3 ± 0.7 years; height, 174.2 ± 4.1cm; body mass, 71.8 ± 7.9 kg) from two Futsal teams were monitored during two competitive matches that were played against each other on a home and away basis. Saliva sampling was conducted before (pre) and after (post) each match. The concentration of salivary steroids (testosterone [T] and cortisol [C]) was assessed by ELISA. Resting concentration of salivary steroid (T and C) hormones was not affected by playing venue (home and away). Both Futsal matches promoted a significant increase in T and C from pre--to post-matches (p<0.05), with a higher post-C concentration for playing at home (p<0.05). No effect of playing venue on T was observed. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the playing venue did not elicit a significant change in resting concentration of salivary steroid hormones. However, playing home induced a greater post-match C response, suggesting that the pressure for positive results in front of supporters, families and friends may impose a higher level of stress on the players at their own facility.

Monitoring training loads, mood states, and jump performance over two periodized training mesocycles in elite young volleyball players

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the periodized training program on internal training load, mood states, and vertical jump capacity of young volleyball players. Internal training load was measured using the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method. To assess mood states, the profile of mood states questionnaire was completed once a week. The vertical jump tests were performed before and after training period. The main findings were (1) the internal training load was greater during the preparatory mesocycle than during the competitive mesocycle, for both U16 and U19 groups; (2) the U19 completed a higher training load during preparatory mesocycle than U16; (3) despite the differences in the periodized training program, the U16 group presented a higher value for the total mood disturbance and for the subscales, tension, depression, anger, and fatigue; and (4) the vertical jump performance increased from the beginning to the end of the nine-week training period for U16 and U19 groups.

Efeitos do treinamento sobre variaveis psicofisiologicas na pre-temporada de futebol

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da carga de treinamento em variaveis bioquimicas, psicologicas, fisiologicas e hematologicas durante uma pre-temporada em atletas profissionais de futebol. METODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol profissional foram monitorados por 21 dias durante uma pre-temporada e submetidos a quatro avaliacoes (T1, T2, T3 e T4). As variaveis analisadas foram: concentracao de hemoglobina, creatina quinase, questionario POMS e variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca no dominio do tempo e da frequencia. A carga de treinamento de cada sessao foi quantificada atraves do metodo TRIMP. RESULTADOS: A creatina quinase aumentou significativamente (p 0,05) e nao foram encontradas correlacoes entre as variaveis. CONCLUSAO: Parece que a creatina quinase e a variavel mais sensivel a carga de treinamento do que as outras analisadas. Os valores da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca no dominio da frequencia apresentam uma tendencia na resposta para mudancas na carga de treinamento.o bjective: t o verify the effect of training load in biochemical, psychological, physiological and hematological variables during a pre-season in professional soccer players. methods: Eight male professional soccer players were monitored for 21 days during a pre-season and submitted to four evaluations ( t 1, t 2, t 3 and t4). t he variables analysed were: hemoglobin, creatine kinase, poms questionnaire and heart rate variability in time and frequency domains. t he load of each training session was quantified using the trimp method. r esults: creatina kinase increased significantly (p 0.05) and no correlations between variables were found. c onclusion: i t seems that creatina kinase is the most sensitive variable to training load compared to the other variables. heart rate vari -

Relationship Between Training Volume and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Swimmers.

The markers of external training load (ETL), distance and intensity, do not take into account the athletes’ psychophysiological stress, i.e., internal training load (ITL). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ETL and ITL using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session-RPE in swimmers. Seventeen young swimmers (10 male, 15.8 ± 0.87 yr and 7 female, 15.1 ± 0.46 yr) belonging to one national level youth team took part in this study over 4 wk. The external training load was planned using swimming distance (in meters) at seven different training intensities. Swimmers’ RPE was assessed 30 min after each training session. Session-RPE was calculated by multiplying RPE by session duration (min). The relationship between the variables was analyzed with Pearson correlations and a multiple linear regression was performed to predict the session-RPE as a function of the independent variables (aerobic and anaerobic volume). The swimming distance at different intensities correlated strongly with RPE and very largely with session-RPE (.64, p < .05 and .71, p < .05, respectively). Regression analysis indicated that the aerobic and anaerobic volumes together explained more than 50% of the ITL variability. In conclusion, the swimming distance in each training session was significantly associated with RPE and session-RPE in swimmers. In other words, based on these results, the use of high-volume training at lower intensities affects the RPE and Session-RPE more than the anaerobic volume.

Quais ações técnico-táticas realizadas durante as partidas de futsal podem discriminar o resultado de vitória ou derrota?

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se as acoes tecnico-taticas especificas do futsal sao capazes de discriminar o resultado de partidas de uma equipe de alto rendimento. Foram analisadas 40 partidas de uma equipe de futsal durante dois anos de disputa da Liga Nacional. Considerou-se os resultados de vitoria ou derrota. Durante cada partida, foram analisados o numero total das seguintes acoes tecnico-taticas: Desarmes Realizados, Desarmes Sofridos, Total de Finalizacoes Realizadas, Total de Finalizacoes Sofridas, Finalizacoes Certas Realizadas, Finalizacoes Certas Sofridas, Passes Incompletos Realizados e Passes Incompletos do Adversario; bem como os indices de coeficiente para cada acao tecnico-tatica, a partir da razao entre acao realizada e sofrida. Foi realizada uma Analise Discriminante a partir do metodo de estimacao simultânea. Apenas as variaveis Desarmes Realizados, Desarmes Sofridos e Coeficiente de Desarme apresentaram cargas discriminantes acima de 0,40, indicando que as mesmas poderiam discriminar o resultado de vitoria e derrota em partidas de futsal. Pode-se concluir que a eficiencia em relacao ao numero de Desarmes Realizados e de Desarmes Sofridos pode ser considerada um fator importante para alcancar o resultado de vitoria em partidas de futsal de alto rendimento. Este estudo apontou que o sistema defensivo da equipe de futsal analisada, tanto no que se refere a organizacao tatica quanto no tocante a tecnica adequada para realizacao do desarme se apresentou como um fator discriminante do resultado da partida. Alem disso, o sistema ofensivo tambem parece ser importante no sentido de prover uma melhor organizacao de ataque enquanto diminui a possibilidade de sofrer desarmes.

The effect of situational variables in free throw shooting effectiveness in small-sided games in basketball

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of situational variables on the shooting effectiveness of basketball players during small sided games (SSG). The sample consisted of 24 players from the U-15 and U-17 (15.6 ± 0.4 years and 82.1 ± 9.9 kg, 187.6 ± 8.0 cm) categories belonging to teams that participated in the Sao Paulo State Championship. Eight SSGs, composed of 4 periods of 4 minutes with 1 minute interval between periods (active recovery), played on an official court (28m x 15m), with 3 players on each team (3 vs. 3) were analyzed. The result of the chi-square test indicated that the shooting effectiveness was associated with the type of ball possession (p <0.001), with the condition of the shooter (with opposition vs. without opposition) (p <0.001) and the distance from the basket (p <0.001). Logistic regression showed that the probability of shooting effectiveness decreases more than 65% (p <0.001) when the shooter has opposition as compared with the without opposition situation. In addition, shoots performed closer to the basket have a greater chance of success in approximately 84% (vs middle shooting distance; p <0.001). The results indicate that shooting effectiveness is influenced by the position of shooter in relation to the opponent and the distance from the basket. Therefore, coaches could suggest players to identify spaces nearby the basket, without opposition, in order to increase the chance of shooting success.

Efectos del entrenamiento en las variables psicofisiologicas en pretemporada de futbol

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da carga de treinamento em variaveis bioquimicas, psicologicas, fisiologicas e hematologicas durante uma pre-temporada em atletas profissionais de futebol. METODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol profissional foram monitorados por 21 dias durante uma pre-temporada e submetidos a quatro avaliacoes (T1, T2, T3 e T4). As variaveis analisadas foram: concentracao de hemoglobina, creatina quinase, questionario POMS e variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca no dominio do tempo e da frequencia. A carga de treinamento de cada sessao foi quantificada atraves do metodo TRIMP. RESULTADOS: A creatina quinase aumentou significativamente (p 0,05) e nao foram encontradas correlacoes entre as variaveis. CONCLUSAO: Parece que a creatina quinase e a variavel mais sensivel a carga de treinamento do que as outras analisadas. Os valores da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca no dominio da frequencia apresentam uma tendencia na resposta para mudancas na carga de treinamento.o bjective: t o verify the effect of training load in biochemical, psychological, physiological and hematological variables during a pre-season in professional soccer players. methods: Eight male professional soccer players were monitored for 21 days during a pre-season and submitted to four evaluations ( t 1, t 2, t 3 and t4). t he variables analysed were: hemoglobin, creatine kinase, poms questionnaire and heart rate variability in time and frequency domains. t he load of each training session was quantified using the trimp method. r esults: creatina kinase increased significantly (p 0.05) and no correlations between variables were found. c onclusion: i t seems that creatina kinase is the most sensitive variable to training load compared to the other variables. heart rate vari -

Effects of the training on psychophysiological variables in soccer preseason

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da carga de treinamento em variaveis bioquimicas, psicologicas, fisiologicas e hematologicas durante uma pre-temporada em atletas profissionais de futebol. METODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol profissional foram monitorados por 21 dias durante uma pre-temporada e submetidos a quatro avaliacoes (T1, T2, T3 e T4). As variaveis analisadas foram: concentracao de hemoglobina, creatina quinase, questionario POMS e variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca no dominio do tempo e da frequencia. A carga de treinamento de cada sessao foi quantificada atraves do metodo TRIMP. RESULTADOS: A creatina quinase aumentou significativamente (p 0,05) e nao foram encontradas correlacoes entre as variaveis. CONCLUSAO: Parece que a creatina quinase e a variavel mais sensivel a carga de treinamento do que as outras analisadas. Os valores da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca no dominio da frequencia apresentam uma tendencia na resposta para mudancas na carga de treinamento.o bjective: t o verify the effect of training load in biochemical, psychological, physiological and hematological variables during a pre-season in professional soccer players. methods: Eight male professional soccer players were monitored for 21 days during a pre-season and submitted to four evaluations ( t 1, t 2, t 3 and t4). t he variables analysed were: hemoglobin, creatine kinase, poms questionnaire and heart rate variability in time and frequency domains. t he load of each training session was quantified using the trimp method. r esults: creatina kinase increased significantly (p 0.05) and no correlations between variables were found. c onclusion: i t seems that creatina kinase is the most sensitive variable to training load compared to the other variables. heart rate vari -