Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez

Insomnia and sleep quality among primary care physicians with low and high burnout levels

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess insomnia and sleep quality in primary care physicians with low and high burnout scores. METHODS A representative sample of 240 physicians was drawn from 70 medical centers in Madrid, Spain. Based on quartile splits of the overall index of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire, 55 participants were allocated to a low-burnout group, and 58 were included in a high-burnout group. The questionnaire also included sociodemographic data, insomnia symptomatology, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS Of the total sample, 18.8% met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for insomnia diagnoses. More individuals with high burnout scores (21.1%) than individuals with low burnout scores (6.9%) fulfilled these criteria. Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that burnout was the only variable related to insomnia diagnoses (odds ratio=7.56; 95% confidence interval=2.38-14.02). Furthermore, the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, after adjustments for sociodemographic variables, indicated that subjects from the high-burnout group scored significantly higher than subjects from the low-burnout group on the global sleep quality index and its components, indicating significantly greater disturbed sleep for the former. CONCLUSION The results of the present study provide support for a clear relationship between burnout and disturbed sleep, as shown by the high prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality among physicians with high levels of burnout.

Daily detachment from work and home:The moderating effect of role salience

Is ‘switching off’ from work and home more or less necessary for individuals depending on role salience? The present study focuses on this question by assessing the importance of trait role salience for the relationship between daily detachment from work and home on the one hand, and several outcomes on the other hand. Forty-nine employees from different organizations in Spain filled out a general questionnaire and a daily questionnaire three times a day, during five consecutive working days. Results show that detaching from home particularly helps individuals with low work role salience to perform better at work and reduce home—work interference. Contrary to our expectations, detaching from work is especially important for individuals with high home role salience, increasing evening cognitive liveliness and reducing work—home interference. Our findings indicate that differences in trait role salience may affect the beneficial impact of detachment from work and non-work domains.

A avaliação do Burnout em professores. Comparação de instrumentos: CBP-R e MBI-ED

Teachers are being appointed as the ones more prone to stress and burnout. Up to now the most used tool for burnout evaluation on teachers are the MBI-Ed. However, due to the complexity of the profession there is a need of a specific questionnaire that involves school organization and learning activities, evaluating also the preceding and the consequential elements of the syndrome. For that, a CBP was developed. This work presents the studies done with CBP-R (revised), its reliabilities, internal validity and convergence with MBI-Ed. It was possible to conclude that CBP-R and MBI-Ed measure the same phenomenon and that the first allows the analysis of different phases of the emotional wear process and better explains the symptoms of professionals assaulted by burnout, confirming the qualities of alternative tools for the evaluation of professional wear on teachers.

Goal Integration and Well-Being: Self-Regulation Through Inner Resources in the Netherlands and Spain

Personality integration has been related to individual well-being. The present study focused on the combined influence of personality integration through the personal-striving goal construct, active-passive approach toward achieving one’s goals, and inner resources on well-being. Specific attention was given to how this process works out in two culturally different countries: the Netherlands and Spain. Results indicated that goal integration, passive thinking, active thinking, and vitality were higher in the Netherlands compared to Spain. It was also shown that inner resources combined with active thinking to function as a buffer for the possible negative effects on vitality. Results were similar in both countries, a finding that provides an indication for possible cross-cultural generalization of this process. The overall results present active-passive thinking combined with inner resources as an influential factor in the relation between goal integration and well-being.

El Burnout del Profesorado Universitario y las Intenciones de Abandono: Un Estudio Multi-Muestra

Resumen es: Las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento han identificado al burnout como una respuesta cronica de estres, fruto del desajuste entre las demandas ...

Resiliencia en niños enfermos crónicos: aspectos teóricos

The present work examined some questions concerning the chronic disease, child development and resilience. Resilience is a developmental and health concept that refers to the children, adolescent and adults positive adaptation in the presence of adverse and risk circumstances, like is pediatric chronic disease. Currently there are few studies on the topic, but despite that, evidences showed that adaptation of chronic ill children is higher than would be expected. In contrast, some chronic ill children present emotional and behavior problems. Resilience related to pediatric chronic disease means a perspective change in health field because the focus is on child positive development. Practical applications of resilience findings are a challenge to health professionals.The present work examined some questions concerning the chronic disease, child development and resilience. Resilience is a developmental and health concept that refers to the children, adolescent and adults positive adaptation in the presence of adverse and risk circumstances, like is pediatric chronic disease. Currently there are few studies on the topic, but despite that, evidences showed that adaptation of chronic ill children is higher than would be expected. In contrast, some chronic ill children present emotional and behavior problems. Resilience related to pediatric chronic disease means a perspective change in health field because the focus is on child positive development. Practical applications of resilience findings are a challenge to health professionals.

Psychological well-being in adults transplanted in childhood

Abstract:  Few studies have explored the long‐term psychological effects on young adults of childhood transplants. The aim of the present work was to examine psychological adaptation related to self‐concept, self‐esteem and subjective well‐being in young adults who had undergone solid organ transplantation in childhood. Twenty‐four adults transplanted in childhood participated in the study (13 of them received kidney transplants, five heart transplants and six liver transplants). Participants were of both sexes, aged 18–22, and were selected from three public hospitals in Madrid. The results reveal no differences in psychological adaptation according to the transplant type (kidney, heart, or liver), and a significant difference in negative affect between women and men (women present more negative affect than men). Hierarchical regression analysis, after controlling for possible confounding effects of demographic and clinical variables, showed the predictive power of self‐esteem to explain positive affect (60% of the total variance). Furthermore, physical self‐concept, health status and time on waiting list explain 71% of the negative affect variance. Our data suggest the importance of self‐esteem for the positive affect, and the power of clinical variables for the negative affect in young adults transplanted in childhood.

Relationship between socio-demographic and clinical variables, and health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVE The principal aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic and clinical variables on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD This was a cross-sectional study. health-related quality of life was measured with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). A total of 120 patients, 60 with ulcerative colitis and 60 with Crohn s disease, participated in the study. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between ulcerative colitis and Crohn s disease patients in IBDQ dimensions. However, a multivariate analysis revealed that sex, type of treatment, extraintestinal symptoms, number of relapses in previous year, satisfaction with surgery, and need for psychological support were related to HRQL. CONCLUSIONS The identification of these variables associated with HRQL in patients with inflammatory bowel disease shows them to be basically non-disease factors. Knowledge of such elements can turn out to be very useful in order to guide future research and modify specific factors in further interventions.

Leading people positively: cross-cultural validation of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS)

Servant Leadership emphasizes employees development and growth within a context of moral and social concern. Nowadays, this management change towards workers´ wellbeing is highlighted as an important issue. The aims of this paper are to adapt to Spanish speakers the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) by van Dierendonck and Nuijten (2011), and to analyze its factorial validity through confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance in three countries. A sample of 638 working people from three Spanish-speaking countries (Spain, Argentina and Mexico) participated in the study. In all three countries, confirmatory factor analyses corroborate the eight factor structure (empowerment, accountability, standing back, humility, authenticity, courage, forgiveness and stewardship) with one second order factor (servant leadership) (in all three samples, CFI, IFI > .92, TLI > .91, RMSEA < .70). Also, factor loadings, reliability and convergent validity were acceptable across samples. Furthermore, through measurement invariance analysis, we detected model equivalence in all three countries including structural residual invariance (ΔCFI = .001). Finally, cultural differences in some dimensions were found and discussed, opening the way for future cross-cultural studies.

Development and cross-national validation of the Emotional Effort Scale (EEF)

BACKGROUND Researchers define Emotional Labour (EL) as the effort associated with meeting the emotional requirements of the job, yet nobody has ever directly tested this effort. Building on classic stress and ego depletion theory, this study develops the Emotional Effort Scale (EEF). METHODS In Study 1, exploratory (N = 197) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 182) were conducted with a British sample. In Study 2, the instrument was adapted to Spanish and measurement invariance was tested (N = 304). In Study 3, (N = 185), we tested convergent and divergent validity with the EL strategies (i.e., surface acting and deep acting) and the relationship between EEF and emotional exhaustion. RESULTS The final scale is a two-dimensional measure (explicit and implicit emotional effort) with good reliability levels in all samples (N = 818). Additionally, it shows adequate convergent, divergent and nomological validity. CONCLUSIONS The Emotional Effort construct adds unique value to the literature. Thus, explicit effort seems to be the mechanism that explains the association between EL and exhaustion. Additionally, this study adapts and translates the measure to two of the most used languages in the world, enabling the emergence of cross-national studies in the field of emotions at work.