Blanca Salazar

Influence of regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women

Aim:  To evaluate the effect of regular aerobic exercise on the endothelial function and cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women.

A factorial randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of micronutrients supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on maternal endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and oxidative stress of the newborn

BackgroundMany studies have suggested a relationship between metabolic abnormalities and impaired fetal growth with the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in the adulthood. Moreover, it has been proposed that maternal factors such as endothelial function and oxidative stress are key mechanisms of both fetal metabolic alterations and subsequent development of non-transmissible chronic diseases. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation and regular aerobic exercise on endothelium-dependent vasodilation maternal and stress oxidative of the newborn.Methods and design320 pregnant women attending to usual prenatal care in Cali, Colombia will be included in a factorial randomized controlled trial. Women will be assigned to the following intervention groups: 1. Control group: usual prenatal care (PC) and placebo (maltodextrine). 2. Exercise group: PC, placebo and aerobic physical exercise. 3. Micronutrients group: PC and a micronutrients capsule consisting of zinc (30 mg), selenium (70 μg), vitamin A (400 μg), alphatocopherol (30 mg), vitamin C (200 mg), and niacin (100 mg). 4. Combined interventions Group: PC, supplementation of micronutrients, and aerobic physical exercise. Anthropometric measures will be taken at the start and at the end of the interventions.DiscussionSince in previous studies has been showed that the maternal endothelial function and oxidative stress are related to oxidative stress of the newborn, this study proposes that complementation with micronutrients during pregnancy and/or regular physical exercise can be an early and innovative alternative to strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases in the population.Trial registrationNCT00872365.

Ganglioside GD1a increases the excitability of voltage-dependent sodium channels.

The effect of the negatively charged ganglioside GD1a, one of the major brain gangliosides [H. Beitinger, W. Probst, R. Hilbig, H. Rahmann, Seasonal variability of sialo-glycoconjugates in the brain of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B 86 (1987) 377-384] on the function of brain derived BTX-modified voltage-dependent sodium channel was studied using the planar lipid bilayer system. Bilayers were formed either with a mixture of neutral phospholipids (4 phosphoethanolamine (PE):1 phosphocholine (PC)) alone or with one containing 6% of the disialoganglioside GD1a. The permeation and activation properties of the channels were measured in the presence of symmetrical 200 mM NaCl. We found that the single channel conductance was not affected by GD1a, whereas the steady-state activation curve displayed a hyperpolarizing shift in the presence of GD1a. Since the lipid distribution in these membranes is symmetrical, then the GD1a effect on sodium channels may result either from an induction of channel conformational changes or from an asymmetrical interaction between the channel (extracellular vs. intracellular channel aspect) and GD1a. Regardless of the mechanism, the data indicate that differences in ganglioside content in neuronal cells may contribute to the previously observed sodium channel functional variability within (soma, dentritic, axon hillock) and between neuronal cells as well as to excitability changes in those physiological and pathological conditions where changes in the neuronal ganglioside content occur.

El ejercicio físico aeróbico incrementa la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio y el consumo de oxígeno de mujeres primigestantes saludables. Ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado. NCT00741312

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto del ejercicio aerobico en la funcion dependiente del endotelio (VDE) y en el consumo de oxigeno en mujeres primigestantes. Metodos Ensayo clinico controlado, enmascarado y aleatorizado, llevado a cabo en 67 mujeres saludables, primigestantes, entre 16 a 20 semanas de gestacion. Grupo de intervencion: ejercicio aerobico entre 50% y 65% de la frecuencia cardiaca maxima, durante 45 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante dieciseis semanas. Grupo control: actividad fisica habitual. Mediciones: VDE: vasodilatacion mediada por flujo (VMF), consumo de oxigeno VO2max: prueba de caminata de seis minutos; antropometria: peso y talla. Resultados En las mediciones iniciales no se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en ninguna de las variables. Al finalizar la intervencion, las participantes que realizaron ejercicio tenian mayor capacidad fisica, medida por la distancia recorrida en el test de caminata (p=0,043) y por el VO2max (p=0,023). Ademas, el grupo de ejercicio tuvo menor frecuencia cardiaca en reposo y mayor VMF que el grupo control (p Conclusion La practica regular de ejercicio aerobico y controlado, mejora la funcion endotelial y la capacidad fisica en mujeres gestantes. Por esta razon, intervenciones como esta podrian ser una alternativa temprana y efectiva para fortalecer la prevencion de patologias durante el embarazo asociadas con disfuncion endotelial.